ME Eng 8 Q1 0101 PS African History and Literature

Lesson 1.
African History and Literature

Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able

to do the following:
● Discuss the history of Africa and the
development of African literature.
● Describe the notable literary genres contributed
by African writers.
● Gain an appreciation for the role that literature
plays in culture and society.
Try it!
Warm-Up
Madagascar
Escape to
Africa
Try it!
Warm-Up
Serenggeti
National
Park
Try it!
Warm-Up
Victoria Falls
Try it!
Warm-Up
Mauritius
Unlocking of Difficulty
• servitude (noun) — the state of being under control of someone
more powerful
Filipinos lived in servitude under the Spanish for 333 years.
• diaspora (noun) — dispersion or the scattering of a group of
people
Scholars refer to the migration of millions of OFWs as the
“Filipino diaspora.”
• pseudonym (noun) — a pen name or a fictitious name used by
some authors
Our literature teacher wrote romance novelettes under a
pseudonym to earn extra income while remaining anonymous.
Unlocking of Difficulty
• emancipation (noun) — freedom from slavery
Filipinos and Mexicans alike fought for emancipation from
Spanish rule.
• secular (adjective) — not bound by religious control
A secular government is better able to provide the needs of a
citizenry with multiple religious groups.
Learn about It
Africa
● World’s second largest and second most populated
continent
● Subregions: North Africa, West Africa, Central Africa,
East Africa, and Southern Africa
● Home to 54 countries, 10 small dependent territories
still controlled by former colonial powers, and two
disputed territories
Learn about It
Ancient Africa
● 5 to 2.5 million BCE: fossils and skeletal remains were discovered
in the Rift Valley and surrounding areas, leading to the theory
that humans originated from Africa
● 600,000 to 200,000 BCE: human species spread throughout
Africa, Asia, and Europe
● Homo sapiens: hunter-gatherers capable of making crude stone
tools
● 6,000 to 4,000 BCE: river people emerged along Nile, Niger, and
Congo Rivers
● First written documents were made
Learn about It
Ancient Africa
● Homo sapiens: hunter-gatherers capable of making crude stone
tools
Learn about It
Ancient Africa
6,000 to 4,000
BCE: river people
emerged along
Nile, Niger, and
Congo Rivers
● First written
documents
were made
Learn about It
Ancient Africa
● Ancient Egyptians began using burial texts to accompany the
dead.
● 2,300 to 2,100 BCE: earliest written creation stories on papyrus
■ Heliopolis Creation Narrative of the Kemetic Priests of On
(“Kemet” - ancient name of Egypt)
■ Memphite Declaration of the Deities
● Creation narratives are passed on through oral tradition.
● Ancient Egyptian literature includes poems, plays and narratives,
and religious texts.
● Africans have mostly oral literature expressed through music,
Learn about It
Papyrus
Learn about It
African Empires
● 1441: European Slave Trade in Africa began;
African slaves were exported from Africa to Portugal.
● The coming of the Arabs and the Europeans
redefined African slavery.
● The concept of race and large-scale human trade
were introduced.
Learn about It
African Slave Trade and European Imperialism

● Portugal, Spain, Britain, North America, Holland, France,
Sweden, and Denmark
● 18th century: height of Atlantic Slave Trade; “Black
Holocaust” refers to the slaughter of 28 million
Africans
● African diaspora led Africans to carry with them their
oral arts.
● African folktales were widespread on the African
continent and were carried to the Caribbean, Latin
Learn about It
Anti-Colonialism and Reconstruction

● The 19th century sought the emancipation of slaves
from foreign colonial powers.
● From the 1850s, Black journalism and secular
writings were published.
● Works of literature were written in European and
African languages.
● In the 1880s, writers justified the concept of
“Africanness,” which led to the rejection of European
culture in literature.
Learn about It
Anti-Colonialism and Reconstruction

● 1920s to 1930s: African writings reflected ideas from
Black nationalism and anti-colonial politics
movements.
● European missionary-influenced writings integrated
traditional oral forms and were translated into African
languages.
● 1930s: Negritude movement — asserted African
identity and culture and denounced the colonization of
Learn about It
Wole Soyinka Naguib Mahfouz Nadine Nelson Mandela

Nigerian writer, Egyptian writer, Gordimer his leadership that
1986 1988 (the first prize- South ushered in a democratic
winning writer with African South Africa. Then, in
Arabic as his native writer, 1991. South Africa’s first
tongue), multiracial elections in
1994, Mandela was
Learn about It
Post-independence Africa
● Several African writers were awarded with the Nobel Prize in
Literature: Nigerian writer Wole Soyinka in 1986, Egyptian
writer Naguib Mahfouz in 1988 (the first prize-winning writer
with Arabic as his native tongue), and South African writer
Nadine Gordimer in 1991.
● A long-time political prisoner, Nelson Mandela was awarded
the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 for his leadership that
ushered in a democratic South Africa. Then, in South Africa’s
first multiracial elections in 1994, Mandela was elected
president.
Learn about It!
“The Gift of a Cow Tail Switch”

A West African Tale
Learn about It!
Guide Questions
1. What motivated the magician brothers to find their
missing father?
2. Why did the great warrior choose to reward his
youngest child?
3. What does each of the characters represent?
4. What does the warrior mean by his statement, “A
man is never truly dead until he is forgotten”?
Analysis
To the Right Honourable William, Earl of Dartmouth (an e

xcerpt)
By Phillis Wheatley
Analysis
Short Response Questions
1. Why does the persona (speaker of the poem)

address the newly appointed Earl of Dartmouth?
2. What personal experience of the persona is related
in the poem?
3. What other aspects of African history are reflected in
the poem?
Analysis
Short Response Questions
4. What are the persona’s hopes in William of Dartmouth

and his position?
5. How do you think the persona’s experiences
influenced the writing of the poem?
Analysis
Criteria Does Not Meet Nearly Meets Meets Exceeds
Expectations Expectations Expectations Expectations
1 2 3 4
Content (50%) The focus is The focus is The focus is The focus is very
Clear and evident unclear. somewhat clear. sufficiently clear. clear.
focus on the topic
Organization (25%) The progression of The progression of The progression of The progression of
Logical progression of ideas is ideas is somewhat ideas is organized. ideas is well-
details/events; clear disorganized. organized. Transitions are organized.
transitions between Transitions are Transitions are sufficiently clear, Transitions are clear
ideas unclear, making the somewhat clear, leading to full and effective,
text almost leading to vague understanding. leading to full and
impossible to understanding. easy understanding.
understand.
Language (25%) There are four or There are two to There is one There are no
Spelling, mechanics, more language three language language error. language errors.
grammar, and word errors. errors.
usage
Synthesis
3. Assign a representative to share your work with the rest

of the class.
4. After the activity, answer the following questions:
● What did you observe from the different
examples of African literature that you
provided?
● Given these observations, would you agree
that literature can be an important tool for
social action and change? Why or why not?
Assignment
Answer the following questions:

a. What African experience is shown by the
selection?
b. How does this experience influence the writing of
the selection?
c. What is the selection trying to say as a whole?
d. How is this experience relevant in the context of
Filipinos?
Bibliography
Afriprov.org. “African Proverbs.” Accessed June 17, 2022. http://www.afriprov.org/.
Agatucci, Cora. “ African Timelines.” Accessed May 29,

2022. https://web.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum211/timelines/htimelinetoc.htm.
Dikson. “50 African proverbs to get you thinking.” Accessed June 17, 2022.
https://matadornetwork.com/bnt/50-african-proverbs-to-get-you-thinking/.
Encarta. “African Literature.” Accessed June 2, 2022.

http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555353/African_Literature.html.
Encyclopedia Britannica. “David Diop.” Accessed June 18, 2022.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Diop.
Ogumefu, M.I. Yoruba Legends. London: The Sheldon Press, 1929.

http://www.sacred-texts.com/afr/yl/yl00.htm.

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Lesson 1.

African History and Literature

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able

African Slave Trade and European Imperialism

Anti-Colonialism and Reconstruction

Anti-Colonialism and Reconstruction

Wole Soyinka Naguib Mahfouz Nadine Nelson Mandela

“The Gift of a Cow Tail Switch”

To the Right Honourable William, Earl of Dartmouth (an e

Short Response Questions

1. Why does the persona (speaker of the poem)

Short Response Questions

4. What are the persona’s hopes in William of Dartmouth

3. Assign a representative to share your work with the rest

Answer the following questions:

Afriprov.org. “African Proverbs.” Accessed June 17, 2022. http://www.afriprov.org/.

Agatucci, Cora. “ African Timelines.” Accessed May 29,

Encarta. “African Literature.” Accessed June 2, 2022.

Encyclopedia Britannica. “David Diop.” Accessed June 18, 2022.

Ogumefu, M.I. Yoruba Legends. London: The Sheldon Press, 1929.

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