CHAPTER I

Background of the Study

The Ayaman Bypass Road is a very important transport path that connects many
communities. It allows people and goods to travel around the area easily. It also lets motorists
access other towns without causing traffic jams. Though this route is useful, there is a worrying
past of high-speed vehicle problems that put drivers, walkers, and the neighborhood in danger.
These problems include crashes that hurt people, and deaths, which seriously endanger locals,
walkers, and drivers. Events like these have not only led to many serious injuries and deaths
but also badly damaged things and affected everyday life.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to look at the underlying causes and consequences of these incidents to gain
a full understanding of the problem's impact and recurrence. The ultimate goal is to develop
possible preventive measures, solve underlying concerns, and ensure the general safety of the
public that relies on this essential transportation route.

Specifically, this initiative aimed to address the following questions:

What factors cause the frequency of high-speed vehicle incidents on the Ayaman Bypass
Road?

How do these high-speed accidents impact the safety and well-being of locals, pedestrians,
and drivers in the area?

What may traffic lights and road signage change to increase safety and reduce the chances
of fast-vehicle collisions?

Significance of the Study

This study aims to investigate and resolve major concerns concerning fast vehicle crashes on
the Ayaman Bypass Roadway. This research is significant for various stakeholders because it
investigates the factors that contribute to high-speed incidents and the effects on the
surrounding community, pedestrians, and drivers. That suggests possible interventions to
reduce the rate of high-speed vehicle incidents.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This research article entitled Road Accidents and Prevention (2017) discusses the issue of
road accidents and their prevention. The article highlights the increasing trend in accidental
deaths in India during the period 2005-2015, with an increase of 54.3% in the year 2015
compared to 2005. The rate of accidental deaths also increased by 25.5% during the same
period. The article emphasizes the need to reduce the impact of road accidents on road users
and vehicles.

Studied accidental records from various police stations, identified black spots of accidents,
and analyzed the geometric features of those spots. Found that large radii of right-turn curves
were more dangerous than left curves, particularly during lane-changing maneuvers. Sharper
curves were also found to be more dangerous in both left and right curves. Motorway
carriageways with no or limited shoulders had the highest crash rate when compared to other
carriageway widths. (Malik, F. A. 2017)

To improve road safety, Malik, F. A. (2017). Recommended proper traffic guidance and
control systems to guide road users and ensure safe vehicle movement. They also suggested
redesigning some facilities such as pedestrian crossings median openings, and acceleration and
deceleration lanes to improve road safety and minimize accidents.

This research entitled "Road Accident Analysis: A Case Study of Patna City" was published in
2004. The study aimed to identify the factors contributing to road accidents and suggest
measures to reduce their occurrence. By examining factors such as vehicle speed, driver
behavior, and road conditions, the study aims to shed light on the dynamics of road accidents in
this locale. Through utilizing statistical methods and data from diverse sources like police and
hospital records, the research endeavors to uncover patterns and trends that can inform
targeted interventions for accident prevention.
 According to the study, Patna City's road conditions, driver conduct, and vehicle speed all
have a role in traffic accidents. To examine the data and find trends and patterns in the
accidents, the writers employed statistical techniques. According to the survey, two-wheelers
are the primary cause of most accidents, which mostly happen during the day. The authors
propose strategies to lower the number of traffic accidents in Patna City, including enhancing
road infrastructure, enforcing traffic laws, and educating drivers. The study concludes that a
thorough strategy that incorporates behavioral as well as engineering measures is required to
lower the number of traffic incidents in the city. (Singh, S. K., & Misra, A. 2023)

In conclusion, this study emphasizes the need for a road safety audit at the new bypass road
on the national highway (NH - 38) in Patna City due to its high accident rate, with around 15%
of all accidents occurring there in the year 2000. The study highlights that the adult working
age group (18 to 60 years) accounted for over 80% of all casualties, indicating a specific
demographic at higher risk. It suggests that a multi-disciplinary team of experts should conduct
individual road safety audits at this location to recommend corrective measures.

The study "How Changes in Land Use from Bypass Road Construction Affect Road Safety:
Case Study in Israeli-Arab Community" by Wafa Elias and Yoram Shiftan explored the impact of
bypass construction on road safety and local economies in Israeli-Arab towns. The research
examined the effect of bypass construction on accident rates, severity, economic development,
changes in businesses and residential development, and how these changes influenced road
safety levels. The findings showed that while bypass construction may not reduce overall
accident frequencies or crash rates, it did lead to a decrease in the severity of road accidents.

The impact of bypass construction on the local economy and road safety in Arab cities in
Israel's Galilee region was the subject of interesting research. The building of bypass roads
resulted in a discernible drop in the severity of traffic accidents, even if there was no discernible
fall in the total frequency or crash rate. In particular, the construction of bypass routes led to a
noticeable decrease in the severity of accidents by diverting collisions from the highways to the
inner roads and from through traffic to local traffic. (Shiftan, Y. 2010)
These results demonstrate the complex effects of bypass construction on road safety,
highlighting the significance of taking into account both accident severity and frequency when
assessing the efficacy of such infrastructure improvements in boosting safety within the
community.

It assesses the impact of these adjustments on the degree of road safety as well (Shiftan, Y.
2010). The study emphasizes how crucial it is to comprehend the complex interactions between
land use changes brought about by the construction of new roads and their effects on
community development and road safety. Through the analysis of these variables, the study
offers insightful recommendations for improving road safety protocols and advancing
sustainable development in comparable settings to legislators, urban planners, and researchers.

According to the article “Literature Review on Vehicle Travel Speeds and Pedestrian Injuries” ,
there is a direct correlation between faster-moving cars and more severe ensuing human
injuries. Although actual travel speeds may vary from listed speeds, the data show that higher
vehicle speeds are linked to more serious injuries sustained in pedestrian collisions. But it's
crucial to remember that, when concentrating only on fatalities in metropolitan settings, a
different study by Harruff et al. (1997) did not discover a direct correlation between injury
severity and vehicle speed. According to Harruff et al., people fatalities on major roadways
typically had more severe injuries. They took into account variables such as the speed limits
and the kind of route.

Awareness and managing pedestrian safety requires an awareness of the link between
vehicle speed and the severity of pedestrian injuries. The article shows a definite link between
faster speeds and more serious injuries sustained in pedestrian collisions. Harruff et al. (1997)
The statistics highlight how crucial it is to regulate and lower speeds to improve pedestrian
safety, even when advertised speed limits may differ from real travel speeds. The results of
pedestrian accidents are also greatly influenced by variables like vehicle type, pedestrian
behavior, road design, and ambient conditions. Comprehensive methods can be established to
improve pedestrian safety and reduce the severity of injuries arising from traffic events by
taking these more elements into account in addition to speed. This all-encompassing strategy is
necessary to improve general traffic safety for everyone and to make pedestrian situations
safer.

The association between speeding behavior and traffic accidents is examined in the study
"Speed and road accidents: behaviors, motives, and Assessment of the Effectiveness of
Penalties for Speeding". The study explores the reasons behind speeding, the actions of drivers,
and the efficacy of fines in preventing speeding offenses. With an average score of 8.2 out of
10, study participants suggested a high severity level when it came to penalizing speeding
conduct. This implies that society is strongly opposed to speeding. Speed plays a crucial part in
road safety, as evidenced by yet another study that showed it to be a key factor in traffic
accidents, injuries, and fatalities. Additionally, a meta-analysis that looked at the relationship
between higher fixed penalties and outcomes related to road safety found that rising traffic
fines were relatively small.

Resolving speeding behaviors is essential to improving road safety (Francisco A. 2013). To

effectively reduce speeding and its related hazards, the study emphasizes that speeding is a
significant contributing factor to traffic accidents. To this end, a complete approach that
incorporates enforcement measures, educational campaigns, and technology solutions is
necessary. Additionally, the study highlights the significance of evaluating the efficacy of
speeding fines as a means of discouraging people from participating in this hazardous conduct,
proposing that fines ought to be implemented and customized to accommodate varying motives
for accelerating. Multifaceted solutions are required to promote safer driving habits since the
complexity of elements impacting speeding behaviors, including individual incentives, cultural
norms, and perceptions of enforcement, is also underlined. To sum up, the research supports a
comprehensive strategy that incorporates a range of measures to reduce speeding and enhance
road safety results.
 References

Singh, S. K., & Misra, A. (2023). Road Accident Analysis: A Case Study of Patna City . Ssrn.com.
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?
abstract_id=570441&fbclid=IwAR0hRv_qTCW6PE3l-tzst3mpDj4EQtWiYMI-
aJ5QFRQeCcI5qCyjInMpWCQ

Malik, F. A. (2017, April). Road Accidents and Prevention [Review of Road Accidents and
Prevention]. Researchgate.net.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315829097_Road_Accidents_and_Prevention

Francisco Alonso, Cristina Esteban. (2013, December). Speed and road accidents: behaviors,
motives, and assessment of the effectiveness of penalties for speeding .
researchgate.net.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
260790064_Speed_and_road_accidents_behaviors_motives_and_assessment_of_the_ef
fectiveness_of_penalties_for_speeding

Elias, W., & Shiftan, Y. (2010). How Changes in Land Use from Bypass Road Construction Affect
Road Safety: Case Study in Israeli-Arab Community . Semantic Scholar.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/How-Changes-in-Land-Use-from-Bypass-Road-
Affect-in-Elias-Shiftan/0bcef2ac77ee2b33ee3fd585fe63cdbb60bd196f

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (1999, October 21). Literature review on vehicle
travel speeds and pedestrian injuries. NHTSA | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

https://one.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/research/pub/hs809012.html
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter explain the research participants involve in the study, the research locale or the
map location of the said research area, and the research instrument.

Participants

The participants of this study will be the selected local residents of Brgy. Ayaman, Brgy.
Officials, and Drivers who frequently pass the Brgy. Ayaman Bypass Road.

Research Locale (Map)

Instrument

The researcher-made questionnaire will be utilized to gather the needed date for the conduct
of the study and interview of the participants.

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION

Summary of Respondent’s Narrations

Discussion of Solutions/ Proposed Solutions

Conclusions and Recommendations