The Code of Kalantiaw

 Datu Kalantiaw - Rajah Bendahara Kalantiaw

 He is a mythical character who made the main lawful code in the Philippines and it is said to be
"The Code of Kalantiaw" in the Island of Negros where he was the Chief.

 The Code of Kalantiaw is said to be a mythical authentic code in the acclaimed epic story of
Maragtas. It was named after by the creator whomwas Datu Kalantiaw, he evidently composed
it in 1433.

 in the story the code has been perceived through ages by various known creators. In any case,
as indicated by the student of history William Henry Scott that the code is only a "deception"

The code of Kalantiaw

ARTICLE I

You shall not kill, neither shall you steal, neither shall you do harm to the aged, lest you incur the danger
of death. All those who infringe this order shall be condemned to death by being drowned in the river,
or in boiling water.

ARTICLE II

You shall obey. Let all your debts with the headman be met punctually. He who does not obey shall
receive for the first time one hundred lashes. If the debt is large, he shall be condemned to thrust his
hand in boiling water thrice. For the second time, he shall be beaten to death.
ARTICLE III

Obey you: let no one have women that are very young nor more than he can support; nor be given to
excessive lust. He who does not comply with, obey, and observe this order shall be condemned to swim
for three hours for the first time and for the second time, to be beaten to death with sharp thorns.

ARTICLE IV

Observe and obey; let no one disturb the quiet of the graves. When passing by the caves and trees
where they are, give respect to them. He who does not observe this shall be killed by ants, or beaten to
death with thorns.

ARTICLE V

You shall obey; he who exchanges for food, let it be always done in accordance with his word. He who
does not comply, shall be beaten for one hour, he who repeats the offense shall be exposed for one day
among ants.

ARTICLE VI

You shall be obliged to revere sights that are held in respect, such as those of trees of recognized worth
and other sights. He who fails to comply shall pay with one month's work in gold or in honey.

ARTICLE VII

These shall be put to death; he who kills trees of venerable appearance; who shoot arrows at night at
old men and women; he who enters the houses of the headmen without permission; he who kills a
shark or a streaked cayman.

ARTICLE VIII

Slavery for a doam (a certain period of time) shall be suffered by those who steal away the women of
the headmen; by him who keep ill-tempered dogs that bite the headmen; by him who burns the fields of
another.
ARTICLE IX

All these shall be beaten for two days: who sing while traveling by night; kill the Manaul; tear the
documents belonging to the headmen; are malicious liars; or who mock the dead.

ARTICLE X

It is decreed an obligation; that every mother teach secretly to her daughters matters pertaining to lust
and prepare them for womanhood; let not men be cruel nor punish their women when they catch them
in the act of adultery. Whoever shall disobey shall be killed by being cut to pieces and thrown to the
caymans.

ARTICLE XI

These shall be burned: who by their strength or cunning have mocked at and escaped punishment or
who have killed young boys; or try to steal away the women of the elders.

ARTICLE XII

These shall be drowned: all who interfere with their superiors, or their owners or masters; all those who
abuse themselves through their lust; those who destroy their anitos (idols) by breaking them or
throwing them down.

ARTICLE XIII

All these shall be exposed to ants for half a day: who kill black cats during a new moon; or steal anything
from the chiefs or agorangs, however small the object may be.

ARTICLE XIV

These shall be made slave for life: who have beautiful daughters and deny them to the sons of chiefs,
and with bad faith hide them away.
ARTICLE XV

Concerning beliefs and superstitions; these shall be beaten: who eat the diseased flesh of beasts which
they hold in respect, or the herb which they consider good, who wound or kill the young of the Manaul,
or the white monkey.

ARTICLE XVI

The fingers shall be cut-off: of all those who break idols of wood and clay in their alangans and temples;
of those who destroy the daggers of the tagalons, or break the drinking jars of the latter.

ARTICLE XVII

These shall be killed: who profane sites where idols are kept, and sites where are buried the sacred
things of their diwatas and headmen. He who performs his necessities in those places shall be burned.

ARTICLE XVIII

Those who do not cause these rules to be obeyed: if they are headmen, they shall be put to death by
being stoned and crushed; and if they are agorangs they shall be placed in rivers to be eaten by sharks
and caymans.

SA AKING MGA KABATÄ (TO MY FELLOW YOUTH)

IF A NATION'S PEOPLE CERTAINLY LOVE THE GIFT OF THEIR LANGUAGE BESTOWED BY HEAVEN,
SO TOO WILL THEY REGAIN THEIR PAWNED FREEDOM LIKE A BIRD WHO TAKES TO THE SKY.

 (II) PAGKA'T ANG SALITA'Y ISANG KAHATULAN SA BAYAN, SA NAYO'T MGAK AHARIÁN, AT ANG
ISÁNG TAO'Y KATULAD, KABAGAY NG ALIN MANG LIKHA NOONG KALAYAAN.

FOR LANGUAGE IS A MEASURE OF WORTH OF CITIES, NATIONS, AND KINGDOMS, AND EACH
PERSON ALIKE DESERVES IT, AS DOES ANY CREATION BORN FREE.

 (III) ANG HINDI MAGMAHAL SA KANYANG SALITÀ MAHIGIT SA HAYOP AT MALANSÄNG ISDÃ,
KAYÀ ANG MARAPAT PAGYAMANING KUSÀ NA TULAD SA INANG TUNAY NA NAGPALÄ

ONE WHO DOES NOT TREASURE HIS OWN LANGUAGE IS WORSE THAN A BEAST OR A PUTRID
FISH, THUS IT SHOULD BE NURTURED INTENTLY, AS A MOTHER NURTURES HER CHILD

 (IV) ANG WIKANG TAGALOG TULAD DIN SA LATIN SA INGLÉS, KASTILÀ AT SALITANG ANGHEL,
SAPAGKA'T ANG POONG MAALAM TUMINGIN ANG SIYANG NAGGAWAD, NAGBIGAY SA ATIN.

THE TAGALOG LANGUAGE IS LIKE LATIN, LIKE ENGLISH, SPANISH, AND THE LANGUAGE OF
ANGELS BECAUSE THE LORD, IN HIS WISDOM BESTOWED IT, HE GAVE IT TO US.

 (V) ANG SALITA NATI'Y HUWAD DIN SA IBA NA MAY ALFABETO AT SARILING LETRA, NA KAYA
NAWALÁ'Y DINATNAN NG SIGWÄ ANG LUNDAY SA LAWÀ NOONG DAKONG UNA.

OUR LANGUAGE IS LIKE THAT OF OTHERS, WITH ITS OWN ALPHABET AND ITS OWN
CHARACTERS, BUT THEY VANISHED AS IF A SUDDEN STORM HAD COME UPON A BOAT IN A LAKE
INA N AGE LONG PAST.
Where did the First Catholic Mass Take Place in the
Philippines?

 Butuan has long been believed as the site of the first mass on April 8 1521.
 One is the record kept by Francisco Albo, a pilot of one of Magellan's ship, Trinidad.
 The other, and the morecomplete, was account by Antonio Pigafetta, Primo viaggio intorno al
mondo (First Voyage around the World).

Pigafetta's Testimony on the Route of Magellan's

Scaturday, 16 March 1521 – Magellakn’s expedition sighted a “high land” named “Zamal” which was
some 300m leaggues westward of Ladrones ( now the Marianas) Island.

2.Sunday, March 17 – “The following day” after sighting Zamal Isaland they landed on “another island
which was uninhabited” and which lay “to the right” of the above-mentioned island of “Zamal”. (To the
“right” here would mean on their starboard going south or southwest.) There they set up two tents for
the sick members of the crew and had a sow killed for them .The name of this island was “Humunu”
(Homonhon). The island was located at 10degrees North latitude.

3.On the first day (Sunday, March 17), Magellan named the entire archipelago the “Island of Saint
Lazarus”. The reason being that it was Sunday in the Lenten season when the Gospel assigned for the
Mass and the liturgical Office was the eleventh chapter of St. John, which tells us to the raising of
Lazarus from the dead.

4. Monday, March 18- In the afternoon of their second day on that island, they saw a boat coming
towards them with the nine men in it, An exchange of gifts was effected. Magellan asked for food
supplies and the men went away, promising to bring rice and other supplies in “four days”.

5. There were two springs of water on the island of Homonhon, Also they saw there some indications
that there was gold in these islands. Consequently Magellan renamed the island and called the
“Watering Place of Good Omen” (Acquada la di bouni segnialli).

6. Friday, March 22 – At noon the natives returned. This time they were in two boats, and they brought
food supplies.

7. Magellan’s expedition stayed eight days at Homonhon: from Sunday, March 17, to the Monday of the
following week, March 25.

8.Monday, March 25 – In the afternoon, the expedition weighed anchor and left the island of
Homonhon . In the ecclesiastical calendar, this day (March 25) was the feast day of the Incarnation also
called the feast of Annunciation and therefore “Our Lady’s Day.” On this day, as they were about to
weight anchor, an accident happened to Pigafetta: he fell into the water but was rescued. He attributes
his narrow escape from death as grace obtained through intercession of the Blessed Viren Mary on her
feastday

9. The route taken by the expedition after leaving Homonhon was "toward the west southwest, between
four islands: namely, Cenalo, Hunanghan, Ibusson and Albarion Very probably "Cenalo" is a misspelling
in the Italian manuscript for what Pigafetta in his map calls "Cellon and Albo calls-Selani” namely the
island of leyte 'Hiunanghan” (a misspelling of Hinunangan) seemed to Pigafetta to be a separate island,
but is actuaily on the mainland of Leyte "i.e. “Ceylon”. On theother hand. Hibuson (Pigafetta’ s Ibusson)
Is an island east of Leyte's southern tip.
Francisco Albo's Log

1. On the 16th of March (1521) as they sailed in a westerly course from Ladrones, they saw land towards
the northwest: but owing to many shallow places they did not approach it. They found later that its
name was Yunagan.

2. They went instead that same day southwards to another small island named Suluan, and there they
anchored. There they saw some canoes but these fled at the Spaniards' approach. This island was at 9
and two-thirds degrees North latitude.

3. Departing from those two islands, they sailed westward to an uninhabited island of "Gada" where
they took in a supply of wood and water. The sea around that island was free from shallows. (Albo does
not give the latitude of this island, but from Pigafetta's testimony, this seems to be the "Acquada" or
Homonhon, at 10 degrees North latitude.)

4. From that island they sailed westwards towards a large island names Seilani that was inhabited and
was known to have gold. (Seilani or, as Pigafetta calls it. "Ceylon" was the island of Leyte)

5. Sailing southwards along the coast of that large island of Seilani, they turned southwest to a small
island called "Mazava." That island is also at a latitude of 9 and two-thirds degrees North.

6. The people of that island of Mazava were very good. There the Spaniards planted a cross upon a
mountain-top, and from there they were shown three islands to the west and southwest, where they
were told there was much gold. "They showed us how the gold was gathered, which came in small
pieces like peas and lentils."

7. From Mazava they sailed northwards again towards Seilani. They followed the coast of Seilani in a
northwesterly direction, ascending up to 10 degrees of latitude where they saw three small islands.
8. From there they sailed westwards some ten leagues, and there they saw three islets, where they
dropped anchor for the night. In the morning they sailed southwest some 12 leagues, down to a latitude
of 10 and one-third degree. There they entered a channel between. two islands, one of which was called
"Matan" and the other "Subu."

9. They sailed down that channel and then turned westward and anchored at the town (la villa) of Subu
where they stayed many days and obtained provisions and entered into a peace-pact with the local king.

10. The town of Subu was on an east-west direction with the islands of Suluan and Mazava. But between
Mazava and Subu, there were so many shallows that the boats could not go westward directly but has to
go (as they did) in a round-about way.

Corazon "Cory" Cojuangco Aquino

She was the symbol of the restoration of

democracy and the takeover of the Marcos

Dictatorship in 1956.

-EDSA People Power was the reason why Cory

Aquino was designated in presidency that put the

Philippines in the international spotlight for

dethroning a dictator through peaceful means.

On September 18, 1986, seven months as a

president, she went to the United States and spoke

before joining the session of the U.S. Congress.

She faced the new challenges as a president of the

new republic

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bavnuT4RIU