VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA, BELAGAVI – 590 018

A DBMS Mini Project Report on

AIRLINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements as a part of the DBMS lab for the V
semester of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Information Science and Engineering of
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi

Submitted by
Shashank M - 1RN20IS145
Shashanka UN - 1RN20IS147

Under the Guidance of

Guide Faculty Incharge

Ms.Sunitha K Dr. R Rajkumar
Assistant Professor Associate Professor
Dept. of ISE, RNSIT Dept. of ISE, RNSIT

Department of Information Science and Engineering

Channasandra, Dr. Vishnuvardhan Road, RR Nagar Post

Bengaluru – 560098

2022 – 2023
 RNS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Channasandra, Dr.Vishnuvardhan Road, RR Nagar Post,
Bengaluru – 560098

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Mini project report entitled AIRLINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
has been successfully completed by SHASHANK M bearing USN 1RN20IS145 and
SHASHANKA UN bearing USN 1RN20IS147, presently V semester students of RNS
Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements as a part of the DBMS
Laboratory for the award of the degree Bachelor of Engineering in Information Science and
Engineering under Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during academic year
2022 – 2023. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment
have been incorporated in the report deposited in the departmental library. The mini project
report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements as a part of DBMS
Laboratory for the said degree.

Ms. Sunitha K Dr. R Rajkumar Dr. Suresh L

Guide Faculty Incharge Professor and HOD

External Viva

Name of the Examiners Signature with date

1.

2.

ii
 DECLARATION

We, SHASHANK M [USN: 1RN20IS0145] and SHASHANKA UN [USN:

1RN20IS147], students of V Semester BE, in Information Science and Engineering, RNS
Institute of Technology hereby declare that the Mini project entitled Airline Management
System has been carried out by us and submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for
the V Semester degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Information Science and Engineering
of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the academic year 2022-2023.

Place: Bengaluru
Date:

SHASHANK M
[1RN20IS145]

SHASHANKA UN
[1RN20IS147]

iii
 ABSTRACT

Airline Management System aims to automate the flight operations and ticketing / seat

booking and confirmation system of an Airline company. The software is providing options

for viewing different flights available within a different timing for a specific day. That

provide customers within facility to able to book ticket smoothly. The customers can modify

and able to cancel the ticket for any reason. That prepare within a role and policies. The

software should provide option for checking availability of the tickets. That is important for

the customers to get message if the ticket unavailable. That will be displayed into customers.

The customers should be noted when the change has been made or any further change.

Admin can add or delete flights and update flights informations like available seats and

updated time

and destination.

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The fulfillment and rapture that go with the fruitful finishing of any assignment would
be inadequate without the specifying the people who made it conceivable, whose steady
direction and support delegated the endeavors with success.

We would like to profoundly thank Management of RNS Institute of Technology for

providing such a healthy environment to carry out this Project work.

We would like to express our thanks to our Principal Dr. M K Venkatesha for his
support and inspired us towards the attainment of knowledge.

We wish to place on record our words of gratitude to Dr. Suresh L, Professor and
Head of the Department, Information Science and Engineering, for being the enzyme and
master mind behind our Project work.

We would like to express our profound and cordial gratitude to our Laboratory
Incharge Dr. R Rajkumar, Associate Professor, Department of Information Science and
Engineering for his valuable guidance, constructive comments and continuous encouragement
throughout the Project work.

We would like to express our profound and cordial gratitude to our Guide Ms.Sunitha K,
Assistant Professor, Department of Information Science and Engineering for her valuable
guidance in preparing Project report.

We would like to thank all other teaching and non-teaching staff of Information
Science & Engineering who have directly or indirectly helped us to carry out the project
work.

And lastly, We would hereby acknowledge and thank our parents who have been a
source of inspiration and also instrumental in carrying out this Project work.

SHASHANK M(1RN20IS0145)

SHASHANKA UN(1RN20IS147)

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATE ii

DECLARATION iii

ABSTRACT iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 2

3. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 7

4. SYSTEM DESIGN 8

4.1 Description of ER Diagram 8

4.2 Description of Relational Schema Diagram 9

5. IMPLEMENTATION 10

5.1 Front-end Development

5.2 Back-end Development

5.3 SQL implementation

5.4 Discussion of Code Segment 12

6. SNAPSHOTS 15

7. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS 30

7.1 Conclusion

7.2 Future Enhancement

REFERENCES 31

v
i
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Description pg.no

 Fig 4.1 Entity Relational Diagram 8

 Fig 4.2 Schema diagram 9
 Fig 6.1 Homepage with various options 15
 Fig 6.2 Login 16
 Fig 6.3 Airline details 16
 Fig 6.4 Search flights 17
 Fig 6.5 Search results 17
 Fig 6.6 Ticket booking 18
 Fig 6.7 Payment 19

v
ii
 LIST OF TABLES

Figure No. Description pg.no

 Fig 6.8.1 Database 20

 Fig 6.8.2 Airline 21

 Fig 6.8.3 Login 22

 Fig 6.5.4 Airline coordinator 23

 Fig 6.5.5 Booking 24

 Fig 6.5.6 Manages 25

 Fig 6.5.7 Passenger info 26

 Fig 6.5.6 Reference flight 27

 Fig 6.8.9 Tickets 28

ABBREVIATIONS

PHP - Hypertext Preprocessor

API - Application Programming Interface

CGI - Common Gateway Interface

CSS - Cascading style sheets

DBMS - Database Management System

ER - Entity Relationship

GDS - Global Distribution System

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Airline system database is one of the most used database types. It is an example of
transaction processing System. Transaction processing Systems are system with large
databases and hundreds of concurrent users executing database transaction.
In this project we deal with database part of whole system with insertions, deletions and
updates as the primary task of our System.
Our database handles the most basic functions of an airline System, including:
• Manage flights
• Booking tickets
• Cancel tickets
Our project has 5 main functions, they are
• Book tickets
• Manage flights
• Here admin can
1. Insert new flights
2. Delete flights
• Ticket Booking: Helps user to book ticket for a passenger
• Cancel ticket: It helps in cancelling the ticket

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Chapter 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Traditional File System

This project will dive into some of the common management issues that businesses and
leaders face today such as; the effects of poor leadership, not motivating employees
effectively, and not being able to manage conflict appropriately. Based on the study of these
management issues, the study concludes that poor leadership can result in not providing
proper direction and/or guidance to your employees to meet company goals.
This can lead to decrease in employee productivity, and not managing conflict can
lead to low morale and even a belief of inequality among the workgroup if issues are not
handled properly. Hence employee management system is powerful to manage the employees
and is also helpful in growth of the company.

2.2 Pros and Cons of the Traditional Approach

2.2.1 Pros

 Simple

o Matched existing business processes and functions.

o Companies were not as interested in funding complicated information systems

 Initially low-cost

o Early computing was not viewed as beneficial for large funding.

o Systems were designed to be cheap in order to save on cost.

2.2.2 Cons

 Separated ownership

o Business functions had a high sense of data ownership.

o Departments unwilling to share data for fear of minimizing their superiority.

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 Unmanaged redundancy

o Multiple instances of the same data appeared throughout various files, systems, and
databases.

o Information updated in one place was not replicated to the other locations.

o Disk space was very expensive, and redundancy had a big impact on storage.

 Data in consistency

o Redundant data stored in various locations was usually never stored the same way.

o Formatting was not centrally managed.

 Lack of data sharing

o Same data stored in multiple locations.

o Caused unnecessary doubling of efforts for processing and managing data.

 High costs in the long run

o Hiring data processors for each department was very expensive, and each position was
typically working on the same thing just for a different area.

o Doubling of work as well as excessive maintenance cost.

2.3 Downfall of Traditional Management System

Conceived in a relatively centralized era when software was deployed in static environments,
legacy database architectures fail to support an increasingly mobile world where applications
are accessed anytime, anywhere.

Today software users want consistent improvements in usability and expect SaaS vendors
to deliver new features and functionalities needed to achieve their business objectives.
However, legacy database technologies fall short. in serving the needs of todays distributed
and cloud environments for the following reasons:

 Inadequate fail over capabilities

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 Insufficient provisions during peak demands Latency issues

 Lack of high availability at all times Increasing operational costs
 Inability to meet the demands of global markets

For all of these reasons, traditional databases are unable to deliver results in a rapidly growing
environment where the workload is geographically distributed across heterogeneous
datacenters. Upgrading to a more distributed data model is costly and complicated and your
DBAs can’t just sit back and give up on this situation. Hence, due to these various reasons,
the downfall of the traditional system was inevitable.

2.4 Introduction to the Database Management System

A database management system (DBMS) refers to the technology for creating and managing
databases. Basically, a DBMS is a software tool to organize (create, retrieve, update and
manage) data in a database.

The main aim of a DBMS is to supply a way to store and retrieve database
information that is both convenient and efficient. By data, we mean known facts that can be
recorded and that have embedded meaning. Normally people use software such as DBASE IV
or V, Microsoft ACCESS, or EXCEL to store data in the form of database. A datum is a unit
of Data. Meaningful data combines to form Information. Hence, information is interpreted
data- data provided with semantics MS ACCESS is one of the most common examples of
database management software. Database systems are meant to handle large collection of
information Management of data involves both defining structures for storage of information
and providing mechanisms that can do the manipulation of those stored information.
Moreover, the database system must ensure the safety of the information stored, despite
system crash or attempts at unauthorized access.

2.5 Indicative areas for the use of a DBMS

Airlines: reservations, schedules etc.
Telecom: calls made, user details, network usage etc.

Sales: purchase tickets etc. Banking: all transactions

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2.6 Advantages of a DBMS-

A Database Management System has many advantages over the traditional file system used in
the earlier days, such as:

Data independence: Application programs should be as free or independent as possible from

details of data representation and storage. DBMS can supply an abstract view of the data for
insulating application code from such facts.

Efficient data access: DBMS utilize a mixture of sophisticated concepts and techniques for
storing and retrieving data competently and this feature becomes important in cases where the
data is stored on external storage devices.

Data integrity and Security: If data is accessed through the DBMS , the DBMS can enforce
integrity constraint on the data

Data administration: When several users share the data, integrating the administration of
data can offer major improvements. Experienced professionals understand the nature of the
data being managed and can be responsible for organizing the data representation to reduce
redundancy and make the data to retrieve efficiently

2.7 Components of a DBMS

Fig. 2.1 Components of DBMS

 Users: Users may be of any kind, such as data base administrators, system developers or
database users.

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18CSL58: DBMS Mini Project Report AIRLINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 Database application: Database application may be Departmental, Personal,

Organizational and /or Internal

 DBMS: Software that allows users to create and manipulate database access.

 Database: Collection of logical data as a single unit.

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Chapter 3

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

The main purpose of this document is to illustrate the requirements of the Project – Airline
Management System which is intended to help passengers at any part of the world to travel at
ease. The database of flights, its routes, available seats, and the passenger information is
maintained and managed effectively.

3.1 Hardware Requirements:

 Processor: Intel Core i3
 RAM: 4 GB and above
 Hard Disk: 1 TB

3.2 Software Requirements

Technologies Used:
 Front End: HTML5, CSS, JavaScript, PHP
 Connection/Controller: PHP
 Back-End Database: MySQL
 Text Editor: Visual Studio Code
 Server: XAMPP Server
 Operating System: Windows10
 Database Support: MySQL5
 Back End: PHP7

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Chapter 4
SYSTEM DESIGN
System design is the process of designing the elements of a system such as the architecture,
modules and components, the different interfaces of those components and the data that goes
through that system.

4.1 Entity Relation Diagram

An entity–relationship model (ER model) describes inter-related things of interest in a
specific domain of knowledge. An ER model is composed of entity types (which classify the
things of interest) and specifies relationships that can exist between instances of those entity
types.

In software engineering an ER model is commonly formed to represent things that a

business needs to remember in order to perform business processes. Consequently, the ER
model becomes an abstract data model that defines a data or information structure that can be
implemented in a database, typically a relational database.

Fig .4.1 Entity Relational Diagram of Airline Management System

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4.2 Schema Diagram

A schema contains schema objects, which could be tables, columns, data types, store
procedures, relationships, primary keys, foreign keys. A database schema can be represented
in a visual diagram, which shows the database objects and their relationship with each other.

Fig 4.2 Schema diagram of Airline Management System

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Chapter 5
IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 HTML5

HTML5 is a markup language used for structuring and presenting content on the World Wide
Web. It is the fifth and current major version of the HTML standard. It was published in
October 2014 by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to improve the language with
support for the latest multimedia, while keeping it both easily readable by humans and
consistently understood by computers and devices such as web browsers, parsers, etc.HTML5
is intended to subsume not only HTML 4, but also XHTML 1 and DOM Level 2HTML.

HTML5 includes detailed processing models to encourage more interoperable

implementations; it extends, improves and rationalizes the markup available for documents,
and introduces markup and application programming interfaces (APIs) for complex web
applications. Many new syntactic features are included. To natively include and handle
multimedia and graphical content, the new <video>, <audio> and <canvas> elements were
added, and support for scalable vector graphics (SVG) content and MathML for mathematical
formulas. To enrich the semantic content of documents, new page structure elements such
as<main>, <section>, <article>,<header>, <footer>, <aside>, <nav> and <figure>, are added.
New attributes are introduced, some elements and attributes have been removed, and others
such as <a>, <cite> and<menu> have been changed, redefined or standardized.

The APIs and Document Object Model (DOM) are now fundamental parts of the HTML5
specification and HTML5 also better defines the processing for, any invalid documents.

5.2 PHP

PHP is a servlet-side scripting language designed primarily for web development but also
used as a general-purpose programming language. Originally created by Rasmus L in I994,
the PHP reference implementation is now produced by The PHP Development Team. PHP
originally stood for Personal Home Page, but it now stands for the recursive acronym PHP:
Hypertext Pre-processor.

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 PHP code may be embedded into HTML or HTML5 markup, or it can be used in
combination with various web template systems, web content management systems and web

frameworks. PHP code is usually processed by a PHP interpreter implemented as a module in

the webserver.

Common Gateway interface (CGI) executable. PHP code may also be executed with a
command line interface (CLI) and can be used to implement standalone graphical
applications.

The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend Engine, is free software released under
the PHP License. PHP has been widely ported and can be deployed on most web servers on
almost every operating system and platform, free of charge.

The PHP language evolved without a written formal specification or standard until
2014, leaving the canonical PHP interpreter as a de facto standard. Since 2014 work has gone
on to create a formal PHP specification. PHP is a scripting language that helps people make
web pages more interactive by allowing them to do more things.

A website programmed with PHP can have pages that are password protected. A
website with no programming cannot do this without other complex things. Standard PHP file
extensions are :PHP, php3or, but a web server can be set up to use any extension.

5.3 SQL (Structured Query Language)

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a domain-specific language used in programming

and designed for managing data held in a relational database Management system (RDBMS),
or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system (RDSMS). In
comparison to older read/write APIs like SAM or VSAM, SQL offers two main advantages:
first, it introduced the concept of accessing many records with one single command; and
second, it eliminates the need to specify how to reach a record, eg: with or without an index.

Originally based upon relational algebra and tuple relational calculus, SQL consists of
a data definition language, data manipulation language, and data control language. Although
SQL is often described as, and to a great extent is, a declarative language (4GL), it also
includes procedural elements.

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18CSL58: DBMS Mini Project Report AIRLINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

SQL became a standard of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1986
and of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1987. Since then, the
standard has been revised to include a larger set of features. Despite the existence of such
standards, most SQL code is not completely portable among different data base systems
without adjustments.

5.4 Code Snippets

5.4.1 Connectivity to Database

<?php
$server = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$database = "flight_management";

$conn = mysqli_connect($server, $username, $password, $database);

if (!$conn){
echo "fail:";
die("Error". mysqli_connect_error());
}
?>

5.4.3 Login
<?php
session_start();
if($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST")
{
include 'connect.php';
$username=mysqli_real_escape_string($conn,$_POST["login_username"]);
$password=mysqli_real_escape_string($conn,$_POST["password"]);
$query = "SELECT * FROM login WHERE login_username='$username'";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $query);
$count=mysqli_num_rows($result);
}
?>
<?php
if($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST"){
if($count==0){
echo ' <div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" style="margin-top: 20px;
margin-bottom: 0px;">
<h5 style={color:red;} class="alert-heading"><b>Username does not
exist.</b></h5>
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18CSL58: DBMS Mini Project Report AIRLINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

</div> ';
}
else{
$query = "SELECT * FROM login WHERE password='$password'";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $query);
$count=mysqli_num_rows($result);
if($count==0){
echo ' <div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" style="margin-top: 20px;
margin-bottom: 0px;">
<h5 style={color:red;} class="alert-heading"><b>Incorrect Password.</b></h5>
</div> ';
}
else{
$_SESSION['user'] = $username;
$query = "SELECT * FROM customer WHERE login_username='$username'";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $query);
$countd=mysqli_num_rows($result);
if($countd!=0){
header("location: searchflights.php");
}
$query = "SELECT * FROM airline_coordinator WHERE
login_username='$username'";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $query);
$countd=mysqli_num_rows($result);
if($countd!=0){
header("location: airline_details.php");
}
$query = "SELECT * FROM customer_Care_Agent WHERE
login_username='$username'";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $query);
$countd=mysqli_num_rows($result);
if($countd!=0){
header("location: empenquiryanswer.php");
}
}
}
}
?>

5.4.7 Payment

<?php

session_start();

$s=$_SESSION['seats'];

$flightid=$_SESSION['flightid'];

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18CSL58: DBMS Mini Project Report AIRLINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

include 'connect.php';

if($_SESSION['class']=="Economy"){

$price = "SELECT buisness_fare from airline where Flight_ID='$flightid'";

else if($_SESSION['class']=="Business"){

$price="SELECT economy_Fare from airline where Flight_ID='$flightid'";

$result1=mysqli_query($conn, $price);

$pricerow=mysqli_fetch_row($result1);

$query ="SELECT departure_Destination, arrival_destination from airline where

Flight_ID='$flightid'";

$result = mysqli_query($conn, $query);

$row = mysqli_fetch_row($result);

?>

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Chapter 6
SNAPSHOTS
6.1 The Homepage
This is the login page, all the users have access to this, this will inform the user about the
admin, user in login page. From this page the user can press the admin login or user login or
to check the result.

Fig .6.1: Homepage of Airline Management System

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18CSL58: DBMS Mini Project Report Airline Management System

6.2 Login page

Fig 6.2 Login

6.3 Airline details

Fig 6.3 Airline details by admin

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18CSL58: DBMS Mini Project Report Airline Management System

6.4 Search Flight

Fig 6.4 Search flight

6.5 Search Result

Fig 6.5 Search result

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6.6 Ticket booking

Fig 6.6 Passenger information

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6.7 Payment

Fig 6.7 Payment information

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6.8 Table Structure

6.8.1 Database

Table Name: database table

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18CSL58: DBMS Mini Project Report Airline Management System

6.8.2(a) Airline

Table Name: Airline table

Fig 6.8.2(b) Sample insertion to airline table

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18CSL58: DBMS Mini Project Report Airline Management System

6.8.3(b) Login

Table Name: Login table

Fig 6.8.3(b) Sample insertion to login table

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18CSL58: DBMS Mini Project Report Airline Management System

6.8.4(a) Airline_coordinator

Table Name: Airline_coordinator table

Fig 6.8.4(b) Sample insertion to airline_coordinator table

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18CSL58: DBMS Mini Project Report Airline Management System

6.8.5(a) Booking Table

Table Name: Booking Table

Fig 6.8.5(b) Sample insertion to booking tabl

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6.8.6(a) Manages

Table Name: Manages Table

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18CSL58: DBMS Mini Project Report Airline Management System

Fig 6.8.6(b) Sample insertion to manages table

6.8.7(a) Passenger_info

Table Name: Passenger Table

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18CSL58: DBMS Mini Project Report Airline Management System

Fig 6.8.7(b) Sample insertion to passenger table

6.8.8(a) Reference_flight_no

Table Name: Reference_flight Table

Fig 6.8.8(b) Sample insertion to reference_flight table

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6.8.9(a) ticket

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Table Name: tickets Table

Fig 6.8.9(b) Sample insertion to tickets table

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Chapter 7
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

7.1 CONCLUSION
 We have finally created our project for airline management . Our project can be used
during difficult times like Covid and we can book tickets in a faster and efficient way by
sitting just at our homes .
 We have implemented all the DBMS topics by first creating an ER diagram with
properly showing the entities and its relationship with the entities and also considered all the
possible types of attributes such as multi valued and derived attributes and also has shown
relationships with weak and strong entities and the cardinalities for participation entities.
 After creating our relation schema we have created tables in phpmyadmin and have
included all the attributes and constraints such as primary key, Foreign Key, null, not null
and unique .
 We have implemented the following tables using MYSQL and PHP. We have
created different types of commands such as SELECT , INSERT , UPDATE , DELETE .We
have also implemented PL/SQL by creating procedures, functions and triggers

7.2 FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

 Work to be carried out : This project can be further improved by adding more tables,
entities and attributes. The frontend of the project can be improvised further using advanced
concepts of css, JavaScript, bootstrap and frameworks. Also this has only admin view in it.
We can further modify it so as to add the user can also signup and login.
 If the customer faces any difficulty they can mention their problem using an enquiry
option and they can also view other customers’ query. The employees have two
departments: Customer care and airline management. The customer care is responsible for
answering the queries of the customer and can view the not answered queries and answer
them accordingly .The Airline Coordinators are responsible for adding flights. The Airline
Coordinator and Customer care agents can see their data by viewing the profile page.

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REFERENCES
 https://geeksforgeeks.com

 https://javatpoint.com

 https://w3cschools.com

 https://stackoverflow.com

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