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    Control Loop

    Uploaded by

    Madhura Suroshe
    The document discusses various PHP control structures including if/else statements, switch statements, while loops, do/while loops, and for loops. It provides syntax examples and explanations of how each structure directs program flow and execution.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Control Loop

    Uploaded by

    Madhura Suroshe
    16 views33 pages
    The document discusses various PHP control structures including if/else statements, switch statements, while loops, do/while loops, and for loops. It provides syntax examples and explanations of how each structure directs program flow and execution.

    Original Description:

    Microprojects and manual

    Original Title

    control_loop

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document discusses various PHP control structures including if/else statements, switch statements, while loops, do/while loops, and for loops. It provides syntax examples and explanations of how each structure directs program flow and execution.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views33 pages

    Control Loop

    Uploaded by

    Madhura Suroshe
    The document discusses various PHP control structures including if/else statements, switch statements, while loops, do/while loops, and for loops. It provides syntax examples and explanations of how each structure directs program flow and execution.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 33

    ITM-711 Web Applications

    PHP: Control Structures


    Outline
    • { } Statement
    • if…else
    • if…elseif
    • switch
    • break
    • while
    • do…while
    • for
    Making Decisions
    • Decision making or flow control is the
    process of determining the order in which
    statements execute in a program
    • The special types of PHP statements used
    for making decisions are called decision-
    making statements or decision-making
    structures
    { } Statement
    • A command block is a group of statements
    contained within a set of braces
    • Each command block must have an
    opening brace ( { ) and a closing brace ( } )
    {
    statement1;
    statement2;
    }
    if Statements
    • Used to execute specific programming
    code if the evaluation of a conditional
    expression returns a value of TRUE

    • The syntax for a simple if statement is:


    if (expression)
    // do something
    if Statements

    True False
    Condition

    Statement
    Example

    <?php
    if(isset($_GET["myNumber"])) {
    $a = $_GET["myNumber"];
    echo “ตัวเลขที่กรอก คือ ".$a;
    if(a>10)
    echo “ตัวเลขที่กรอกมีค่ามากกว่า 10”;
    }
    ?>
    if...else Statements

    • An if statement that includes an else


    clause is called an if...else statement

    • An else clause executes when the


    condition in an if...else statement
    evaluates to FALSE
    if...else Statements
    • The syntax for an if...else statement
    is:

    if (expression)
    // do something
    else
    // do another thing
    if..else Statements

    True False
    Condition

    Statement1 Statement2
    if...else Statements
    • An if statement can be constructed
    without the else clause

    • The else clause can only be used


    with an if statement
    Example

    <?php
    $a =1;
    $b = 2;
    if($a > $b)
    echo “a is greater than b”;
    else
    echo “a is less than or equal to b”;
    ?>
    if...elseif Statements
    • It executes another expression if the first
    fails
    • The syntax for an if..elseif statement is:
    if (expression1)
    // do something
    elseif(expression2)
    // do another thing
    elseif(expression3)
    // do another thing
    …
    else // do another thing
    Example

    <?php
    $a =19;
    if($a == 1)
    echo “one”;
    elseif($a == 2)
    echo “two”;
    elseif($a == 3)
    echo “three”;
    elseif($a == 4)
    echo “four”;
    else
    echo “more than four”;
    ?>
    Switch Statements
    • The same variable is compared with
    many different values
    • The default statement is used if
    none of the cases are true
    • Statements are execute until it sees a
    break statement
    Swith Statements
    • The syntax for an switch statement is:
    switch ($variable_name) {
    case valueA:
    statements;
    break; // optional
    case valueB:
    statements;
    break; // optional
    default:
    statements;
    }
    break
    • break statement ends execution of
    the current for, while, do-while or
    switch structure.
    • Break accepts an optional numeric
    argument which tells it how many
    nested enclosing structures are to be
    broken out of
    Example

    <?php
    $a = 2;
    switch($a){
    case 0:
    echo “a equals to 0”;
    break;
    case 1:
    echo “a equals to 1”;
    break;
    default:
    echo “a is greater than 1”;
    }
    ?>
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    Example
    <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8"> </meta>
    </head>
    <body>
    <form action= "switch1.php" method= "GET">
    กรุ ณากรอกข้อมูลประวัติส่วนตัว :
    <select name = "myLanguage" >
    <option value= "TH"> ภาษาไทย </option>
    <option value= "EN"> ภาษาอังกฤษ </option>
    <option value= "CH"> ภาษาจีน </option>
    <option value= "JP"> ภาษาญี่ปุ่น </option>
    </select>
    <input type = "submit" value = "ตกลง">
    <hr>
    </form>
    <?php
    if(isset($_GET["myLanguage"])) {
    $x = $_GET["myLanguage"];
    switch($x) {
    case 'TH': echo 'ภาษาไทย' ; break;
    case 'EN': echo 'ภาษาอังกฤษ' ; break;
    case 'CH': echo 'ภาษาจีน' ; break;
    case 'JP': echo 'ภาษาญี่ปุ่น' ; break;
    default: echo 'กรุ ณาเลือกภาษาที่ตอ้ งการใช้งาน' ;
    }}
    ?>
    </body>
    </html>
    Example (without break)
    while
    • It tells PHP to execute the nested
    statements repeatedly, as long as the
    while expression evaluates to TRUE
    • If the first evaluation of the statement
    return FALSE, the while loop will not be
    executed at all
    while
    • The syntax for while statement is:

    while (expression){
    statement;
    statement;
    }
    while

    False
    Condition

    True
    Statement
    Example
    <?php
    $x=1;

    while($x <= 5) {
    echo "The number is: $x <br>";
    $x++;
    }
    ?>
    do...while
    • The statement inside the loop will be
    executed at least once.
    • The truth expression is checked at the end
    of each iteration instead of in the
    beginning.
    do...while
    • The syntax for an do...while statement
    is:
    do{
    statement;
    statement;
    }while(expression);
    do…while

    Statement

    True

    Condition

    False
    Example
    <?php
    $x=1;

    do {
    echo "The number is: $x <br>";
    $x++;
    } while ($x <= 5 );
    ?>
    Example
    <?php
    $x = 6;

    do {
    echo "The number is: $x <br>";
    $x++;
    } while ($x <= 5);
    ?>
    for
    • for loop is used if you know how many
    times you want to execute the statements

    • The syntax for for statement is:


    for(initial;condition;inc/dec){
    statement;
    statement;
    }
    for
    • The first expression(initial)is evaluated
    once unconditionally at the beginning of the
    loop
    • In the beginning of each iteration, the second
    expression (condition)is evaluated. If the
    result is True, the loop continues and the
    nested statements are executed. If the result is
    False, the loop ends.
    • At the end of each iteration, the third expression
    (increment/decrement)is evaluated.
    for

    False
    Condition

    True
    Statement
    Example
    <?php

    for($i = 1; $i < 10; $i++) {


    echo "The number is $i ";
    }

    ?>

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