Report On Climate Change

Moksha Mehta -92201263089 (semester 3) CCM
Report on impact of climate change on global areas (Asia)

Rising fossil fuel burning and land use changes have emitted, and are
continuing to emit, increasing quantities of greenhouse gases into the
Earth’s atmosphere. These greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide
(CO2), methane(CH4) and nitrogen dioxide (N2O), and a rise in these
gases has caused a rise in the amount of heat from the sun withheld in
the Earth’s atmosphere, heat that would normally be radiated back into
space. This increase in heat has led to the greenhouse effect, resulting
in climate change.
The main characteristics of climate change are increases in average
global temperature (global warming);changes in cloud cover and
precipitation particularly over land; melting of ice caps and glaciers and
reduced snow cover; and increases in ocean temperatures and ocean
acidity – due to seawater absorbing heat and carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere.The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007) dispelled many Uncertainties
about climate change. Warming of the Climate system is now
unequivocal. It is now clear that Global warming is mostly due to man-
made emissions of Greenhouse gases (mostly CO2).
Over the last century, Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide
increased From a pre-industrial value of 278 parts per million to 379
parts per million in 2005, and the average global temperature rose by
0.74° C. According to scientists, This is the largest and fastest warming
trend that they Have been able to discern in the history of the Earth. An
increasing rate of warming has particularly taken place .Over the last 25
years, and 11 of the 12 warmest years On record have occurred in the
past 12 years. The IPCC Report gives detailed projections for the 21st
century and these show that global warming will continue and
accelerate. The best estimates indicate that the Earth could warm by 3°
C by 2100. Even if countries reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, the
Earth will continue to warm. Predictions by 2100 range from a minimum
of 1.8° C to as much as 4° C rise in global average temperatures.
As a result of global warming, the type, frequency and Intensity of
extreme events, such as tropical cyclones (including hurricanes and
typhoons), floods, droughts and Heavy precipitation events, are
expected to rise even with Relatively small average temperature
increases. Changes In some types of extreme events have already been
Observed, for example, increases in the frequency and Intensity of heat
waves and heavy precipitation events.
Climate change will have wide-ranging effects on the Environment, and
on socio-economic and related sectors, Including water resources,
agriculture and food security, Human health, terrestrial ecosystems and
biodiversity and Coastal zones. Changes in rainfall pattern are likely to
Lead to severe water shortages and/or flooding. Melting of Glaciers can
cause flooding and soil erosion. Rising Temperatures will cause shifts in
crop growing seasons which Affects food security and changes in the
distribution of Disease vectors putting more people at risk from
diseases Such as malaria and dengue fever. Temperature increases Will
potentially severely increase rates of extinction for many Habitats and
species (up to 30 per cent with a 2° C rise in Temperature).
Climate change will affect many sectors, including water Resources,
agriculture and food security, ecosystems and Biodiversity, human
health and coastal zones .Many environmental and developmental
problems in Asia Will be exacerbated by climate change.
Under climate change, predicted rainfall increases over Most of Asia,
particularly during the summer monsoon Could increase flood-prone
areas in East Asia, South Asia And Southeast Asia. In Central and South
Asia, crop Yields are predicted to fall by up to 30 per cent, creating A
very high risk of hunger in several countries.Global warming is causing
the melting of glaciers in . The Himalayas. In the short term, this means
increased risk Of flooding, erosion, mudslides and GLOF in Nepal,
Bangladesh, Pakistan, and north India during the wet Season. Because
the melting of snow coincides with The summer monsoon season, any
intensification of The monsoon and/or increase in melting is likely to
Contribute to flood disasters in Himalayan catchments.
In the longer term, global warming could lead to a Rise in the snowline
and disappearance of many glaciers Causing serious impacts on the
populations relying On the 7 main rivers in Asia fed by melt water from
The Himalayas. Throughout Asia one billion people Could face water
shortage leading to drought and land Degradation by the 2050s .
In Asia, the principal impacts of climate change on health Will be on
epidemics of malaria, dengue, and other Vector-borne diseases
(Martens et al. 1999). The global Burden of climate change-attributable
diarrhoea and Malnutrition are already the largest in the world in
Southeast Asian countries including Bangladesh, Bhutan, India,
Maldives, Myanmar and Nepal in 2000. Illness and death are expected
to increase from Diarrhoeal diseases due to drought and flooding, and
Are also expected from increased amounts of cholera Bacteria in coastal
waters. An increase in the frequency And duration of severe heat waves
and humid Conditions during the summer is likely to increase the Risk
of mortality and morbidity, principally in the Old and urban poor
populations of temperate and tropical Asia (Epstein et al. 1995) and
high temperatures and Poor urban air quality, such as in Chongqing,
China and India and Jakarta, Indonesia, could contribute to widespread
Heat stress and smog induced illnesses in urban populations(Cruz et al.
2007).

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Moksha Mehta -92201263089 (semester 3) CCM

Report on impact of climate change on global areas (Asia)

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