Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Tarlac Province
Marawi National High School
Camiling, Tarlac
SCORES
Activity 1 _______
Name: ___________________________________
Activity 2 _______
Section: 10 – ________________________ BONUS

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS IN MATHEMATICS 10 (Week 7)

Learning Competencies
• Illustrates the probability of a union of two events.
ILLUSTRATING THE PROBABILITY OF A UNION OF TWO EVENTS
The union of two or more sets is the set that contains all the elements of each of the sets; an element is in
the union if it belongs to at least one of the sets. The symbol for union is ∪, and is associated with the
word “or”, because A ∪ B is the set of all elements that are in A or B (or both.) To find the union of two
sets, list the elements that are in either (or both) sets. In terms of a Venn Diagram, the union of sets A and
B can be shown as two completely shaded interlocking circles.
For example, if A = {1,3,5,7} and
B = {1,2,4,6}, then A∪B = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}.
Notice that the element 1 is not listed twice in the union,
even though it appears in both sets A and B.
This leads us to the general addition rule for the union of two events:

2
The probability of spinning orange or a “b” is
3
Illustrative example 2:
Suppose that in your class of 30 students, 8 students are in band,
15 students play a sport, and 5 students are both in band and play a sport.
Let AA be the event that a student is in band and let BB be
the event that a student plays a sport.
Create a Venn diagram that models this situation.
In order to fill in the Venn diagram, remember that the total of the numbers
in circle AA must be 8 and the total of the numbers in circle B must be 15.
The intersection of the two circles must contain a 5.
ACTIVITY 1: Solve the following problem. Refer to the VENN DIAGRAM below the given.

1. A group of 25 high school students was asked whether they use either Facebook or Twitter or
both. Fifteen of these students use Facebook, and twelve use Twitter.
a. How many students used Facebook only? twitter only?

b. How many used both social networking sites?

c. What is the probability that the student will use Facebook only?

d. What is the probability that the student will use twitter only?

e. Find the probability the student will choose Facebook or

twitter?

2. The Venn Diagram below shows the Grade 7 students who were surveyed about the fruits they
liked: banana, apple and orange.
a. How many students like:
a) Banana only? ___________
b) Apple only? ___________
c) Orange only? ___________
d) Banana and apple? ___________
e) All fruits? ___________
b. What is the probability the student will choose orange only? ____________
c. What is the probability that the student will choose banana only? __________
d. What is the probability that the student will choose banana and apple? _________

• ACTIVITY 2: Show Me!

Determine the following probabilities of events. Using the Venn Diagram, illustrate the given
situations on the provided box.

1. What is the probability of rolling a die and getting an even

number or a number greater than 2?
2. Out of 120 household surveyed, 40 had a dog, 30 had a cat and
10 had both dog and cat. What is the probability that a randomly
selected household has a dog or cat?
3. There are of 200 grade 9 students who joined the festival in the
school, 100 joins dancing, 60 singing and 20 joins both singing and
dancing. If a student is selected at random, what is the probability
that students join dancing or singing or both?
4. A box contains 50 marker pens, 30 of the pens are red and 15
are blue. If you select one of the marker pens at random. What is
the probability of the marker pens being red or blue?
5. In a survey of 200 ladies it was found that 100 prepare coffee,
while 70 like tea and 30 like both tea and coffee Find the
probability likes coffee or tea or both.
BONUS! 5pts
What is the probability of a die showing a number 2 or number 4? Page 2

Marawi National High School

Marawi, Camiling, Tarlac
Contact No.: (045) 800-9003
Email Address: 300972.marawinhs@deped.gov.ph
 SCORE
Name: ___________________________________ Activity _______
Section: 10 – ________________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS IN MATHEMATICS 10 (Week 8)

Learning Competencies
• Finds the probability of (A U B)

FINDING THE PROBABILITY OF UNION OF TWO EVENTS (A U B)

Recall that the union of events, A and B is an event that includes

all the outcomes in either event A, event B, or both.
The symbol ∪ represents union. Below, 𝐴∪𝐵 is shaded.
If you find the sum of the outcomes in event A and the number of outcomes in event B, you will have
counted some of the outcomes twice. In fact, you will have counted the outcomes that are in both event A and
event B twice. Therefore, to correctly count the number of outcomes in the union of two events, you must count
the number of outcomes in the union of two events, outcomes in each event separately and subtract the number
of outcomes in shared by both events. In symbols:

ADDITION RULE for PROBABILITY

𝑃(𝐴∪𝐵)=𝑃(𝐴)+𝑃(𝐵)−𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)

Note: (𝐴∩𝐵) is the intersection of the two events. It contains all the outcomes that are shared by both events
and is the intersection of the two circles in the Venn diagram.

Illustrative Example 2: Kathy rolled a fair die and wished to find the probability of “the number that turns
up is odd or divisible by 5”.

Page 3

Marawi National High School

Marawi, Camiling, Tarlac
Contact No.: (045) 800-9003
Email Address: 300972.marawinhs@deped.gov.ph
Illustrative example 3. Consider the experiment of drawing a card from a standard deck. Let A be the event
that the card is a diamond. Let B be the event that the card is a four. Let C be the event that the card is a Jack.
Find a) 𝑃(𝐴∪𝐵) b.) 𝑃(𝐵∪𝐶).

Page 4

Marawi National High School

Marawi, Camiling, Tarlac
Contact No.: (045) 800-9003
Email Address: 300972.marawinhs@deped.gov.ph
Illustrative Example 4: Suppose that today there is 90% chance of sun, 20% chance of rain, and a 15 % chance of
both sun and rain. What is the probability of sun or rain?
Solution: For this example, the probabilities for each event are already given and in percent form.
All we must do is to substitute the given values to our formula:
Let 𝐴=𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑛𝑛𝑦 𝑤𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 and 𝐵=𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑃(𝐴∪𝐵)=𝑃(𝐴)+𝑃(𝐵)−𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)
𝑃(𝐴∪𝐵)=0.90+0.20−0.15 𝑃(𝐴∪𝐵)=0.95 ∴𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 95% 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑛,𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ.

ACTIVITY : Read the following problems carefully. Solve for the unknown. Show your complete solution.

1. In rolling a pair of dice, there are 36 possible outcomes in the sample space.
a.) Find the probability of getting a sum which is even or a sum which is less than 5.

b.) Find the probability of them being the same number or equal to 10.

2. Of the customers who bought items at a store on a particular day, 53 of them face masks and 47 of them bought
alcohols. What is the largest possible number of people that bought either a face mask or an alcohol on that day?

3. Out of 5500 households surveyed, 2,107 had a thermal scanner, 807 had an alcohol dispenser, and 303 had both
thermal scanner and alcohol dispenser. What is the probability that a randomly selected household has a thermal
scanner or alcohol dispenser?

4. Jose likes to wear colored shirts. He has 10 shirts in the closet. Three of these are blue, four are in different
shades of red, and the rest are of mixed or different colors. What is the probability that he will wear a blue or a red
shirt?

5. Mrs. Tolentino uses 30 chips numbered 1 to 30 to choose a student to recite. If a chip is drawn randomly from
the bowl, what is the probability that it is
a. 7 or 15?

b. 5 or a number divisible by 3?

c. even or divisible by 5?

6. A card is drawn at random from a standard deck of cards. Find the probability of drawing:
a.) 2 or jack

b.) red or an ace

c.) Queen or a King is selected

d.) face card( King, Queen, Jack) or a diamond

Page 5
7. Ms. Manuel is choosing a recipe for her birthday. The probability that she chooses a pizza is 20%. The
probability that she chooses spaghetti is 60%. What is the probability that she chooses pizza or
spaghetti?

Marawi National High School

Marawi, Camiling, Tarlac
Contact No.: (045) 800-9003
Email Address: 300972.marawinhs@deped.gov.ph
 SCORE
Name: ___________________________________ Activity 1 _______
Section: 10 – ________________________ Activity 2 _______
Activity 3 _______
Activity 4 _______
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS IN MATHEMATICS 10 (Week 9)
Activity 5 _______
Learning Competencies
• Illustrates mutually exclusive events.
• Solves problems involving probability.
ILLUSTRATING MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS

In statistics and probability theory, two events are mutually exclusive

if they cannot occur at the same time. The simplest example of mutually
exclusive events is a coin toss. A tossed coin outcome can be either head
or tails, but both outcomes cannot occur simultaneously.
What is meant by MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS?
Mutually Exclusive Events are two or more events that cannot occur at the same time. Mutually
exclusive events always have unique outcomes when compared.
Mutually Exclusive Events Not Mutually Exclusive Events

1. Event A: roll a dice and get a “1.” 1. Event A: roll a dice and get a “2”.
Event B: roll a dice and get a “6” Event B: roll a dice and get an even number.
2. Event A: You get a yellow ball. 2. A card is drawn from a deck of standard playing cards.
Event B: You get a blue ball Event A: A heart is drawn.
Event B: A king is drawn.
PROBABILITY RULES FOR MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS
Despite the specific features of mutually exclusive events, the events still follow some of the
fundamental probability rules. The rules include the following:
1. RULE OF MULTIPLICATION
The rule of multiplication is used when we want to find the probability of events occurring
simultaneously (it is also known as the joint probability of independent events). The rule of
multiplication for mutually exclusive events states the following:
P(A∩B) = 0
Since the events cannot occur simultaneously, their joint probability is always zero.
2. RULE OF ADDITION
The rule of addition allows determining the probability that at least one of the events occurs (it is known
as the union of the events). For mutually exclusive events, the rule of addition defines the following:
P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B)
The union probability of the events is found by summing only the individual probabilities of each event
because there is a zero probability that both events can occur at the same time.
Illustrative Example:
A bag contains 2 yellow balls, 3 green balls, 5 red balls and 6 black balls. What is the probability of
either a yellow ball or a red ball being drawn if only one ball is drawn?
The events are mutually exclusive events since drawing a yellow ball and drawing a red ball
cannot occur at the same time. Thus,

Event A: Draw a yellow ball

Event B: Draw a red ball

Mutually exclusive events are commonly confused with independent events. However,
they are two distinct concepts. Unlike mutually exclusive events, independent events can occur
simultaneously.
Page
The independence of the events indicates that the outcome probability of one event does
6
not influence the outcome probability of another event.
What is meant by INDEPENDENT EVENTS?
INDEPENDENT EVENTS are two or more events where the occurrence of one of the events
gives us no information about whether or not the other event will occur; that is, the events have no
influence to each other.
Marawi National High School
Marawi, Camiling, Tarlac
Contact No.: (045) 800-9003
Email Address: 300972.marawinhs@deped.gov.ph
 If two events, A and B, are independent events, then the probability of both events occurring is the
product of the probability of A and the probability of B. In symbols,
P(A and B) = P(A) • P(B)
What are DEPENDENT EVENTS?
DEPENDENT EVENTS are two or more events where the occurrence of one of the events
has an influence to each other.
If two events, A and B, are dependent, then the probability of both events occurring is the product
of the probability of A and the probability of B after A occurs. In symbols,
P(A and B) = P(A) • P(B following A)
Illustrative Examples:
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
1. When a coin is tossed, and a die is rolled. What is the probability that a head and a six will turn up?
In tossing a fair coin, a Head or a Tail would turn up and in rolling a die, the possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3,
4, 5 and 6. Since, the outcomes from the first event are unique when compared to the outcomes of the
second, the events are said to be Independent Events. Thus,

ACTIVITY 1. Given are Event A and Event B. Put a check (✓) if the situations happen at the same time and
cross (☓) if not. Explain why.
1. Event A: toss a coin and get “head”
Event B: toss a coin and get “tail”
Explanation:___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. A bag contains 3 white balls and 5 green balls
A ball is drawn from it.
Event A: You get a white ball.
Event B: You get a green ball.

7
Explanation:__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________ Page
3. Event A: roll a dice and get a “4”.
Event B: roll a dice and get an even number
Explanation:___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Marawi National High School

Marawi, Camiling, Tarlac
Contact No.: (045) 800-9003
Email Address: 300972.marawinhs@deped.gov.ph
ACTIVITY 2: Tell whether each scenarios or events are mutually exclusive events or not. Write ME if it is
MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE and NME, if it is not.
___________1. A spinner has an equal chance of landing on each of its eight numbered regions. After
spinning, it lands in region three or six.
___________2. A magazine contains twelve pages. You open to a random page. The page number is eight or
ten.
___________3. A box of chocolates contains six milk chocolates and four dark chocolates. Two of the milk
chocolates and three of the dark chocolates have peanuts inside. You randomly select and eat a chocolate.
It is a milk chocolate or has no peanuts inside.
3 1 4
___________4. P(A) = 10 P(B) = 2 P (A or B) = 5
___________5. P(A) = 0.2 P(B) = 0.35 P (A and B) = 0

ACTIVITY 3: Determine if the events are mutually exclusive or non-mutually exclusive.

Then, solve the problem completely.
1. Find the probability of selecting a boy or a blond-haired person from 12 girls, 5 of whom have
blond hair, and 15 boys, 6 of whom have blond hair.

2. Find the probability of drawing a king or queen from a standard deck of cards.

3. Find the probability of two dice being tossed and showing a sum of 6 or a sum of 9.

4. A weather forecaster states that the probability of rain is 3/5, the probability of lightning is 2/5,
and the probability of both is 1/5. What is the probability of a sporting event being cancelled due to
rain or lightning?

5. A bag contains cards numbered from 1 to 14. One card is drawn at random. Find the probability of
selecting a prime number or a multiple of four.

SOLVING PROBLEMS ON PROBABILITY

It is expected that at the end of this lesson you will be able to demonstrate knowledge and skill
related to probability and apply these in solving problems.
Conditional Probability plays a key role in many practical applications of probability. In these
applications, important conditional probabilities are often drastically affected by seemingly small
changes in the basic information from which the probabilities are derived. The probability of an event
occurring given that another event has already occurred is called a conditional probability.

How to find the conditional probability from a word problem?

Step 1: Write out the Conditional Probability Formula in terms of the problem
Step 2: Substitute in the values and solve.
Illustrative Examples:
Example 1. Susan took two tests. The probability of her passing both tests is 0.6. The probability of her
passing the first test is 0.8. What is the probability of her passing the second test given that she hasPage 8
passed the first test?
Solution: 𝑷(𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅|𝒇𝒊𝒓𝒔𝒕) ----Probability of passing the second test given that she has passed the first
test:

Therefore, the probability of her passing the second test given that she has passed the first test is 0.75.
Marawi National High School
Marawi, Camiling, Tarlac
Contact No.: (045) 800-9003
Email Address: 300972.marawinhs@deped.gov.ph
Example 2. A bag contains red and blue marbles. Two marbles are drawn without replacement. The
probability of selecting a red marble and then a blue marble is 0.28. The probability of selecting a red
marble on the first draw is 0.5. What is the probability of selecting a blue marble on the second draw,
given that the first marble drawn was red?
Solution: 𝑷(𝑩𝒍𝒖𝒆|𝑹𝒆𝒅)---- Probability of selecting blue marble given that the first marble is red

Therefore, the probability of selecting a blue marble on the second draw, given that the first marble
drawn was red is 0.56.

Example 3. What is the probability that the total of two dice will be greater than 9, given that the first die
is a 5?

Solution: Use a Venn diagram to show the relationship of the events (X) Purchased Brand X
(A) Under 30 yrs old
Under 30 yrs old ----- 6% ----- 0.06
Brand X ----- 6% -----0.06
30 yrs and older ------ 9% ------- 0.09
Brand Y ----- 34%----0.34
Sample Space = 1 – (0.09+0.06+0.34) = 1 – (0.49) S = 0.51
1. What is the probability that a person chosen at random purchases Brand X?
Solution: P(X) = 0.09+0.06 = 0.15
2. What is the probability that a person chosen at random is under 30 years old?
Solution: P(A) = 0.06+0.34 = 0.40 Page
3. What is the probability that a person chosen at random purchases Brand X and under 30 years old?
9
Solution: P(X∩A)= 0.06
4. What is the probability that a person chosen at random purchases Brand X and he or she is under 30
years?

Marawi National High School

Marawi, Camiling, Tarlac
Contact No.: (045) 800-9003
Email Address: 300972.marawinhs@deped.gov.ph
 Notice that the occurrence of event A gives no information about the Probability of event X.
The event X and A are independent events. Two events A and B are said to be independent
if either:
i. P(A|B) = P(A). i.e P(B|A) =P(B), or equivalently,
ii. P(A∩B)=P(A).P(B)
ii. P(A∩B)=P(A).P(B)

ACTIVITY 4: Solve the following problems applying the concept of conditional probability.
1. A math teacher gave her class two tests. 25% of the class passed both tests and 42% of the class
passed the first test. What percent of those who passed the first test also passed the second test?

2. A math teacher gave her class two tests. 25% of the class passed both tests and 42% of the class
passed the first test. What percent of those who passed the first test also passed the second test?

3. The probability that it is Friday and that a student is absent is 0.03. Since there are 5 school days in
a week, the probability that it is Friday is 0.2. What is the probability that a student is absent given
that today is Friday?

ACTIVITY 5: Tell whether the two events in each part are dependent or independent.
1. To choose two cards at random from a standard pack. I choose one, replace it, and then choose
again.

2. To choose two cards at random from a standard pack. I choose one, do not replace it, and then
choose another.

Page
10

Marawi National High School

Marawi, Camiling, Tarlac
Contact No.: (045) 800-9003
Email Address: 300972.marawinhs@deped.gov.ph
 Page
11

Marawi National High School

Marawi, Camiling, Tarlac
Contact No.: (045) 800-9003
Email Address: 300972.marawinhs@deped.gov.ph