Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE
LABASON II DISTRICT
Labason, Zamboanga del Norte
MATHEMATICS 10
Quarter 3 Week 8
Name: ____________________________________Grade 10 Aquamarine Date: ______________________Score: _______
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
Mutually exclusive events and Solving Probability
Background
This time, you will learn about Mutually exclusive events and Solving Probability
Learning Competency with Code
1. illustrate mutual and not mutual exclusive events
2. solve problems on probability
3. apply to real – life situation
Directions: Read and understand the given concepts and examples of the topic then complete the following exercises given.

Let us have some examples.

Example 1. The events “running forward” and “running backwards” are mutually exclusive. You cannot run backwards and forwards at
the same time.
Example 2. Tossing a coin can also give you this type of event. You cannot toss a coin and get both a heads and tails. So, “tossing a head”
and “tossing a tail” are mutually exclusive.
Example 3. Rolling a die. (Sample space: {1,2,3,4,5,6}
Let E = getting odd number {1,3,5,}
F = getting even number {2,4,6}
G = getting prime number {2,3,5}
H = getting factors of 6 {1,2,3,6}
Example 4. Mario has 45 red chips, 12 blue chips, and 24 white chips. What is the probability that Mario randomly selects a red chip or a
white chip?
This example illustrates mutually exclusive events.
➢ In connection to this situation, we can relate that mutually exclusive events are two events A and B are said to be mutually exclusive if
the occurrence of one of them excludes the occurrence of the other event.
Now let us learn how to solve problems on Mutually Exclusive Events and those which are not Mutually Exclusive Events. But before we go
further, let us remember the concepts below:
Mutually Exclusive: cannot happen at the same time.
Like for example:
Turning left and turning right are Mutually Exclusive (you cannot do both at the same time) Like here:
Tossing a coin: Heads and Tails are Mutually Exclusive
Cards: Kings and Aces are Mutually Exclusive
What is not Mutually Exclusive:
• Turning left and scratching your head can happen at the same time
• Selecting cards of Kings and Hearts it can happen at the same time
because we can have a King of Hearts!
Formulas:
• If two events A and B are mutually exclusive, then the probability that either A or B occurs is the sum of their probabilities. In symbols,
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)
Remember, “or” means to add the probability of each event.

• If two events A and B are not mutually exclusive, then the probability that either A or
B occurs is the sum of their probability decreased by the probability of both occurring. In symbols,
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B)
To gain a better understanding of these two kinds of probability problems, let us start our discussion using the playing cards.
Playing Cards Probability
Playing cards probability problems based on a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards.
Basic concept on drawing a card:
In a pack or deck of 52 playing cards, they are divided into 4 suits
of 13 cards each i.e. spades ♠ hearts ♥, diamonds ♦, clubs ♣.
Cards of Spades and clubs are black cards.
Cards of hearts and diamonds are red cards.
The card in each suit, are ace, king, queen, jack, or knaves, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 and 2.
King, Queen and Jack (or Knaves) are face cards. So, there are 12 face cards in the deck of 52 playing cards.
Example 1: A card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the probability of picking a King or Queen.
Solution:
If you pick a card from a deck of 52 cards, the possibility is that the card that you picked is either a King only or a Queen only. It is
impossible that a card that you picked could have two faces of a King and a Queen. This problem is referring to a Mutually Exclusive
Event.
Total number of kings is 4 out of 52 cards.
Total number of queens is 4 out of 52 cards.
Therefore,
Example 2: What is the probability of getting a diamond or a queen from a well – shuffled deck of 52 cards?
Solution:
Is it possible that a card that you picked is at the same time a diamond or a Queen?
The answer of course is a yes.
This problem is referring to a NOT Mutually Exclusive Event.
We know that in a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards there are 13 diamonds and 4 queens.
Therefore, probability of getting a diamond from well shuffled deck of 52 cards is 13/52.
The probability of getting a queen from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards is 4/52.
But since picking a diamond can also be a queen at the same time meaning a
diamond queen which has a probability of 1/52 . This must be subtracted
from the sum of the probability of getting a diamond or a queen.
According to the definition of Not Mutually Exclusive Events:
P (A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P (A or B)
Example 3: What is the probability of pulling out a red card or the number 5?
Solution:
There are 13 red cards of heart and 13 red cards of diamond which is equal
to a total of 26 cards. There are 4 cards which are of number 5 and then because
there are 2 red cards of number 5, a heart, and a diamond. So, the solution goes like this:
Example 4: A bowl contains 15 chips numbered 1 to 15. If a chip is drawn randomly from the bowl.
What is the probability that it is:
a. 7 or 15? c. Even or divisible by 3?
b. 5 or a number divisible by 3? d. A number divisible by 3 or divisible by 4?
Solutions:

a) P (7 or 15) = + =
d) P (a number divisible by 3 or 4)
b) P (5 or a number divisible by 3) = + Set A = numbers divisible by 3: {3,6,9,12,15}
Set B = number divisible by 4: {4,8,12}
= or
A∩B = {12}
Number divisible by 3: {3,6,9,12,15} 5 3 1 7
P (a number divisible by 3 or 4)= + − =
c) P (even or divisible by 3) 15 15 15 15
Set A = even numbers: {2,4,6,8,10,12,14}
Set B = number divisible by 3: {3,6,9,12,15}
A∩B = {6,12}

P (even or divisible by 3) = + -

= or
Exercises/Activities
Read the directions in every given activities properly and answer the following activities.
ACTIVITY 1
Directions: Determine whether the situation presented is mutually exclusive or not. Write your answer on the space provided
before the number.
_________________1. Turning left and turning right _________________4. Cards: Kings and hearts
_________________2. Cards: Kings and Aces _________________5. Your ability to pay rent if you do not get paid
_________________3. Turning left and scratching your head
Activity 2: Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter on the space before each number.
_____1. Which formula do you use when two events are mutually exclusive?
A. P (A or B) = P(A) + P(B) C. P (A and B) = P(A) ● P(B)
𝐵
B. P (A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(both) D. P (A and B) = P(A) ● P ( )
𝐴
_____2. Which formula do you use when two events are NOT mutually exclusive?
A. P (A or B) = P(A) + P(B) C. P (A and B) = P(A) ● P(B)
𝐵
B. P (A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(both) D. P (A and B) = P(A) ● P ( )
𝐴
_____3. Which of the following shows how to determine P (diamond or face card)?

A. + – B. + – C. + – D. + –
_____4. There are 4 blue marbles, 5 red marbles, 1 green marble, and 2 black marbles
in a bag. Suppose you select one marble at random. Find the probability of
picking a blue or black marble.
A. 1/4 B. 1/2 C. 1/3 D. 1/8
______5. Out of 5200 households surveyed, 2107 had a dog, 807 had a cat,
And 303 had both dog and a cat. What is the probability that a
randomly selected household has a dog or a cat?
A. 2450/5200 B. 2914/5200 C. 2611/5200 D. 30/345
______6. If you draw one card from a standard deck of cards. What is the
probability of drawing a spade or a red card?
A. 13/52 B. 26/52 C. 39/52 D. not possible
______7. Dario puts 44 marbles in a box in which 14 are red, 12 are blue,
and 18 are yellow. If Dario picks one marble at random, what is
the probability that he selects a red marble or a yellow marble?
A. 32/44 B. 36/44 C. 9/11 D. 8/11
______8. Rhian likes to wear colored shirts. She has 15 shirts in the closet.
Five of these are blue, four are in different shades of red, and
the rest are of different colors. What is the probability that she
will wear a blue or a red shirt?
A. 5/15 B. 1/3 C. 9/15 D. 3/5
______9. If you roll one die, what is the probability of getting an
odd number or a 2?
A. 2/3 B. 1/3 C. 1/2 D. 1/6
______10. If you roll one die, what is the probability of getting an
even number or a multiple of 3?
A. 1/3 B. 2/3 C. 1/6 D. 1/2
What I Have Learned
Activity 4.1: What is the meaning of this?
Directions: Write the definition of mutually exclusive events.

Prepared by:
JAY BEE H. LEDAMA
MNHS Teacher I
Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.

“Be and Do Much Better Each Day with a Sense of Urgency”

Activity 1
1. Mutually exclusive
2. Mutually exclusive
3. Not mutually exclusive
4. Not mutually exclusive
5. Mutually exclusive
Activity 2
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. C
Activity 3
1. C
2. D
3. D
4. A
5. B