Ancient Civilization

• first started in Mesopotamia. As the region attained its development, other city states existed. Famous
of which is the Sumerian city-state. Religious buildings and temples were established and their cultural
arts flourished.

Ancient Civilization

The beginnings of monumental architecture in

Mesopotamia are usually

considered to have been contemporary with the founding of the Sumerian cities and the invention of
writing, about 3100 BCE.

Ancient Civilization

One of the most famous works from ancient Mesopotamia is the Code of Hammurabi.

Ancient Civilization

• The Hammurabi code of laws, a

collection of 282 rules, established

standards for commercial

interactions and set fines and

punishments to meet the punishments to meet the requirements of justice. Hammurabi's Code was
carved onto a massive, finger-shaped black stone stele (pillar) that was looted by invaders and finally
rediscovered in 1901, in Sumerian written language called cuneiform.

The Egyptian Art

For more than 2,000 years, Egypt was one of

the richest and most civilized lands in the

ancient world. In particular, the ruins of

tombs and temples have provided a valuable

record of Egyptian Life.

•Capital City of Memphis City of Memphis

The Egyptian Art

In the Narmer palatte the human form is

portrayed in a way that became standard in

Egyptian art. The head and legs are shown

from the side, while the eye and shoulders

are shows from the front.

The Egyptian Art

Other conventions make statues of males

darker than females ones. Very

conventionalized portrait statues appear

from as early as Dynasty lI.

•Narmer Palatte

The Egyptian Art

The first great period of Egyptian civilization,

called the Old Kingdom, began during the

rule of King Joser. The advances of the

period were due mainly to Imhotep, the

king's first minister.

Imhotep

He was a skilled architect, statesman and

scholar. He was probably the architect of the

famous step pyramid at Saqqara.

The Step Pyramid

was the first stone building in history and

the first of the many pyramids to appear

during the next 1,000 years.

The Great Pyramid of Giza

also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the

Pyramid of Cheops is the oldest and largest

of the three pyramids complex bordering

what is now El Giza, Egypt.

The Egyptian Art

The Pyramids were meant to house the pharaoh's bodies and serve as reminders of their almighty
power.

It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact.

The Egyptian Art

 One of the important changes in architecture was the disappearance of the pyramid. The
pyramids had failed to protect the royal burial from robbery. Kings and queens were now buried
in tombs in the Valley of the Kings in Thebes.

• Tomb in the Valley of the Kings replicas

-The Valley of the kings is one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world This is a royal burial
ground, with exquisitely decorated tombs for the pharaohs who ruled Egypt between 1539 and 1075 BC.
There are Over 60-tonbs in this small area, although Only a handful are open to public.

-Long corridors with relief sculpture and religious writing on the walls led to a hall with columns. There
the royal mummy rested in a great stone coffin. The temples were built separately on the edge of the
desert facing the Nile. Even today, their ruins are a beautiful sight.

•Deir el-Bahri

-The most beautiful temple is Deir el-Bahri, lt was built about 1470 by the famous 0ueen Hatshepsut. A
series of terraces was surrounded by colonnades and connected by ramps. This temple was built entirely
of fine limestone.

Temple of Rameses Il

In contrast, the nearby temple of Ramses l was built entirely of sandstone a coarse material that is easy
to work with.

The Egyptian Art

The gods, too, needed proper care. Their temples were built as a great palaces, with stables, orchards
and farmlands and staff of attendants. Daily rituals and seasonal festivals were pictured on temple walls.
Rulers prided themselves on what they had done to improve the shrines of the gods. There are fifteen
major ancient Egyptian gods and goddesses.

THE ANCIENT GREEK ART

Ancient Greek art includes much pottery, sculpture as well as architecture.

ANCIENT GREEK STATUES

Greek sculpture is known for the contrapposto standing of the figures. Contrapposto is an Italian term
that means "counterpoise."

ANCIENT GREEK STATUES

The first known statue to use contrapposto is Kritios Boy, C. 480 BC, So called because it was once
attributed to the sculptor Kritios.
ANCIENT GREEK PAINTING

The most prestigious form of Ancient Greek painting was panel painting, a painting made on a flat panel
made of wood, either a single piece, or a number of pieces joined together.

•Pitsa Panels of Ancient Greek

ANCIENT GREEK PAINTING

Today not much survives of Greek painting, except for late mummy paintings and a few paintings on the
walls of tombs, mostly in Macedonia and Italy. Painting on pottery, of which a great deal survives, gives
some sense of the aesthetics of Greek painting.

Tomb OF THE DIVER IN PAESTRUM, Italy, C.470 BC

ANCIENT GREEK PAINTING

The techniques involved, however, were very different from those used in large-format painting. It was
mainly in black and gold and was painted using different paints than the ones used on walls or wood,
because it was a different surface.

ANCIENT GREEK POTTERY

Classical Greek pottery was perhaps the most utilitarian of the era's art forms. People offered small terra
cotta figurines as gifts to gods and goddesses, buried them with the dead and gave them to their
children as toys.

•TERRACOTTA FIGURINES

ANCIENT GREEK POTTERY

They also used clay, pots, jars and vases for almost everything. These were painted with religious or
mythological scenes that, like the era's statues, grew more sophisticated and realistic over time.

SCULPTURE AND ART IN ANCIENT GREECE

Earlier statues of people had looked awkward and fake, but by the classical period they looked natural,
almost at ease. They even had allistic looking facial expressions

ANCIENT GREEK ART

Most of our knowledge of Classical Greek art comes

from objects made of stone and clay that have

survived for thousands of years. However, we can

infer that the themes we see in these works - an

emphasis on pattern and order, perspective and

proportion and man himself.

•Classical ANCIENT GREEK PAINTINGS

The Romans Art and Architecture

THE ROMANS WANTED THEIR ART AND

ARCHITECTURE TO BE USEFUL. THEY PLANNED THEIR CITIES AND BUILT BRIDGES, AQUEDUCTS,

PUBLIC BATHS AND MARKET PLACES, APARTMENT, HOUSES AND HARBORS.

•Roman Bridges

The Romans Art and Architecture

-When a Roman official ordered sculpture for a

public square, he wanted it to tell future generations of the greatness of Rome. Although the practical
uses of art were distinctly Roman, the art forms themselves were influenced by the ancient Greeks and
Etruscans.

The Romans Art and Architecture

-The baths and arenas are tributes to the skills of

Rome great builders. The arch can support much

more weight than the post and lintel (a beam

supported by two columns). Roman aqueducts were often three levels of arches piled on top of another.

•Roman Amphitheaters & Arena- The Colosseum

•Roman Aqueducts-Pont du Gard

The Romans Art and Architecture

And their buildings, such as the Baths of Caracalla, enclosed huge open areas.

•Baths of Caracalla-Terme di

The Romans Art and Architecture

-The Romans used a great deal of sculpted decoration to embellish their architecture. Columns were
often placed on the walls of buildings as part of the decoration. Many of these decorations were copied
from Greek styles.

Roman Architecture

•The Tomb of Caecilia Metella

It is an ancient Roman structure that

was constructed at the end of the

Roman structure that was

constructed at the end of the

Roman republican period.

•The Tomb of Caecilia Metella

It basically cylindrical in shape and is

faced with travertine that has an

entablature frieze surrounded with

skills of bulls and garlands.

ROMANSCULPTURE

Roman Sculpture

-in portraying their gods, the Greeks had been

influenced by their ideas of form and beauty. Roman sculpture is greatly influenced by the Greeks. But
the Romans showed their skill and originality in their portraits.

Roman Sculpture

-They portrayed their emperors, generals and

senators with a degree of realism unknown to the

Greeks. Thinning hair, double chins, crooked nose all the physical traits that make one person look
different from another - can be found in Roman portraiture.

•Statue of Jupiter -King of the Gods

•Roman River God - Anos

•God of the Sea - Neptune

Roman Painting

PAINTING WAS USUALLY DONE AS AFORM OF

DECORATION. IN POMPEI, FOR EXAMPLE,

PAINTINGS WERE EXECUTED ON THE INSIDE

WALLS OF THE HOUSES IN FRESCO PAINTING ON WET PLASTER.

Roman Painting
√Risqué Art of Pompei's House

of the Vetti, Fresco, Italy

Roman Painting

OFTEN THESE MURALS WERE USED TO MAKE THE ROOM SEEM LARGER, BY GIVING ILLUSION OF DEPTH,
OR TO CREATE A PASTORAL LANDSCAPE WHERE THERE WAS NO WINDOW OR VIEW.

Roman Murals

√Risqué Art of Pompei's House

of the Vetti, Fresco, Italy

√Maxo Vanka Murals at St. Nicholas Croatian

Roman Catholic Church

Roman Mosaic

√A Roman mosaic on a wall in the House of Neptune and

√Amphitrite, Herculaneum, Italy, 1st century AD Mosaic of Bacchic Dancers, Hatay, Turkey.

Roman Painting

-The Loves of the Gods is a monumental fresco cycle, completed by the Artist named Annibale

Carraci, which is located in Rome.

Roman Painting

The Loves of the Gods by Annibale Carraci

at Palazzo Farnese, Rome