Modules: Quarter 4 - Weeks 5 - 8

9
Science
Modules
Quarter 4 – Weeks 5 - 8
9
Science
Quarter 4 – Module 5
Force, Motion and Energy
Science – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module5: Force, Motion and Energy
Second Edition, 2021
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Published by the Department of Education

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Jay F. Macasieb, CESE
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Susana A. Abarientos
Editor: Hernan L. Apurada
Reviewers: Macario Furigay, Dionicio A. Pacpaco, Lea D. Figueroa, Josefina

M. Celebrado, Ruby Rose S. Repaso, Baby Lyne E. Tagupa
Layout Artist: Maria Vina C. Liwanag
Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Chief Education Supervisor,Curriculum and Implementation Division
Hernan L. Apurada
Education Programs, Supervisor
Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Makati City through the
support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)
Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City
Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212
Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
E-mail Address: makati.city@deped.gov.ph
What I Need to Know
This module for the Most Essential Learning Competencies, the discussion of
the topics is accompanied by activities. The organization of this Physics module 5 for
Quarter 4 includes the following:
1. First Law of Thermodynamics
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Explain how heat causes the internal energy of the system to increase.
2. Demonstrate that heat can do work by constructing a model.
3. Infer that heat transfer can be used to do work, and that work involves the
release of heat.
4. Construct a model to demonstrate that heat can do work.
What I Know
Direction: Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer.
1. This states that energy is interchangeable and the total amount of energy in the
universe remains constant is known as
A. Law of Conservation of Energy C. First Law of Thermodynamics
B. Law of Conservation of Momentum D. Second Law of Thermodynamics
2. In changing any form of energy into heat or vice versa, that energy that is lost is
equal to all the different forms of energy that are gained is known as
A. 1st Law of Thermodynamics C. Law of Conservation of Energy
B. 2 Law of Thermodynamics
nd D. Law of Conservation of Momentum
3. The average kinetic energy of all particles in an object is called

C. heat C. temperature
D. kinetic D. specific heat
4. The sum of molecular kinetic, potential, and other kinds of molecular energy is
A. internal energy C. molecular energy
B. kinetic energy D. potential energy
5. Which material is the BEST conductor of heat?
A. aluminum C. paper
B. asbestos D. wood
1
Lesson
Heat, Work, and Energy
1
Energy is a central concept in science. It is a term we are all familiar with. It is
usually associated with fuels, with electricity, with one’s physical state as in the
statement: “I have no more energy, I feel very tired.” Like heat energy, is also involved
in our daily activities. We apply when we cook our food, iron our clothes and boil water
for our coffee or tea. These are only a few cases where thermal energy is used.
When we think of heat energy, we think of temperature. Heat and temperature

are related but are distinct from one another. Experience has taught us that when we
apply heat to a substance, it expands.
What’s In
Direction: Study the pictures below and describe the transformation of mechanical
energy. (Kinetic to potential or vice versa).
1. 2.
3.
https://www.google.com/search?q=pictures+of+examples+of+conservation+of+mechanical+energy&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjQh9Cm4LTyAhUFdJQKHeSVC
-QQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=pictures+of+examples+of+conservation+of+mechanical+energy&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQA1CpnQJYh84CYMXjAmgAcAB4AIABVIgBsAmSAQIxNpg
BAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=5u8ZYdD8EoXo0QTkq66gDg&bih=609&biw=1280&rlz=1C1CHZN_enPH930PH930#imgrc=ctcT4GJ2
6jfodM&imgdii=6eRy_QZWCfqVt
2
What’s New
Activity 1
Direction: Study and analyze the picture below and answer the guide questions.
Questions
1. From the above picture how heat can be turned into work?
2. How doing work releases heat?
3. Give the relationship between heat and other forms of energy.
What is It
Thermodynamics is a branch of physics looking at how changes in energy,

work, and the flow of heat influence each other. It can explain the workings of an
internal combustion engine, a refrigerator, and the sun. Thermodynamics is mainly
concerned with the transformation of heat into mechanical energy. Thermodynamics
plays an important part in technology.
First Law of Thermodynamics
Since heat is the form of energy, it has the capacity to do work. When the law of
conservation of energy is applied to heat systems, we call it the first law of
thermodynamics. It states that whenever the heat is added to a system, an equal
amount of some other forms of energy appears. Work can be converted into heat,
in the same manner, that heat can be converted into work. For example, the food taken
into the body gives the body heat energy. This energy enables the body to move and
work.
3
For example, kinetic energy—the energy that an object possesses when it
moves—is converted to heat energy when a driver presses the brakes on the car to
slow it down. The first law of thermodynamics relates the various forms of kinetic and
potential energy in a system to the work, which a system can perform, and to the
transfer of heat. This law is sometimes taken as the definition of internal energy.
The first law of thermodynamics allows for many possible states of a system to exist.
Work is motion against an opposing force. Raising a weight against the
opposing force of gravity requires work. The magnitude of the work depends on the
mass of the object, the strength of the gravitational pull on it, and the height through
which it is raised. Work is the primary foundation of thermodynamics and of the first
law. Any system has the capacity to do work. For instance, a compressed or extended
spring can do work such as that used to bring about the raising of a weight. An
electric battery has the capacity to do work, as it can be connected to an electric
motor, which in turn can be used to raise a weight. It is not an entirely obvious point,
but when an electric current passes through a heater, it is doing work on the heater,
as the same current could be used to raise the weight by passing it through an
electric motor rather than the heater. Then, why a heater is called a “heater” and not
a “worker” is obvious from the concept of heat.
What’s More
Activity 1.2 (DIY) DO-IT-YOURSELF Turbine Model

Objective: Construct a Turbine model that demonstrate that heat can do work.
Materials
2 to 3 pcs of plastic bottle, glue or super glue, glue stick with glue gun, pair of
scissors, 3 to 4 inches nail, yarn 10 pcs clips, 1 barbeque stick, hard drinking
straw
Procedure:
1. Cut 8 pcs. of blades for the turbine. The size must be 2 inches by 1inch strips.
2. Glue the 8 pcs of blades to the middle of the drinking straw or barbeque stick
just like the blades of the electric fan. The drinking straw or the barbeque stick will
serve as the shaft of the turbine.
3. Make a turbine holder using a plastic bottle. Use a push pin and nail to make
holes and 12 cm height to hold the drinking straw or the barbeque stick. Make
sure that the turbine can rotate freely. Put a tape or plastic cup to hold the turbine
in place.
4. Tie a half or 1-meter yarn around the turbine straw. Secure the knot to the
shaft/straw with tape. Loop the hanging end of the string and hook the paper clips.
5. Place your turbine model on the table with the hanging paper clips free to move.
4
What I have Learned
Direction: Read the paragraph carefully and supply the missing word(s) needed to
complete it. Get your answers in the box provided.
(1) __________ is mainly concerned with the transformation of heat into mechanical
energy. Whenever the heat is added to a system, an equal amount of some other
forms of energy appears is known as (2) ____________________ . (3) ___________ is
motion against an opposing force. (4) _______________ The thermal energy that flows
from a hot body to a cold body. Energy in motion is called (5) ____________ .
Kinetic Thermodynamics Work Heat First Law of Thermodynamics
5
What I Can Do
Activity 1.3
Direction: Identify at least 3 household chores that you do with an

application of the 1st Law of Thermodynamics.
6
Additional Activities
Direction: Answer the question below. Write an essay in at least 5 to 8

sentences.
“Why is thermodynamics important in our daily life?”
7
Assessment
Multiple Choice Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper
1. Which law states that “Energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can be
converted from one form to another”?
A. 1st Law of Thermodynamics C. 3rd Law of Thermodynamics
B. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics D. 4th Law of Thermodynamics
2. Which of the following represents the first law of thermodynamics?

A. The specific heat of an object explains how easily it changes temperature
B. Two systems in equilibrium with a third system are in equilibrium with
each other
C. If a refrigerator is unplugged, eventually, everything inside of it will
return to room temperature
D. After falling down the hill, a ball's kinetic energy plus heat energy equals
the initial potential energy
3. According to the first law of thermodynamics, in an isothermal process

A. temperature is not affected by the pressure or volume changes of
system
B. temperature is not affected by the internal energy of the system, work,
or heat
C. energy of the system fluctuates and there exists an imbalance between
work and heat
D. it can be implied that heat added to the system is equal to work done
by the system
4. The SI unit of energy is

A. Hertz C. Newton
B. Joule D. Watt
5. By doing work or by heating internal energy can be

A. decreased C. increased
B. doubled D. zero
8
9
Science
How Heat Transfer and
Energy Transformation
makes Heat Engine Work
Science – Grade 9
Quarter 4 – Module 6: How Heat Transfer and Energy Transformation Make Heat Engines
Work

Writer: Joseph E. Vineles

Susana A. Abarientos
Editor: Hernan L. Apurada
Reviewers: Macario Furigay, Dionicio A. Pacpaco, Lea D. Figueroa,

Josefina M. Celebrado, Ruby Rose S. Repaso, Baby Lyne
E. Tagupa
Layout Artist: Arnold C. Chan
Hernan L. Apurada

Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of heat, work, and energy. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence
of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.

1. Demonstrate how heat transfer increases internal energy.
2. Explain how heat pumps work as exemplified by the air condition unit and
refrigerator.
3. Solve problems relating to the thermal efficiency of machines.
What I Know
Direction: Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer.
1. Which is observed when one object rubs against another

object?
A. Conduction
B. Friction
C. Solar energy
D. Thermal energy
2. Which refers to the energy of moving particles in the matter?

A. Conduction C. Solar energy
B. Friction D. Thermal energy
3. When a rubber band is stretched by five times, it is observed that it is warmer.

Did the rubber band gain heat?
A. No, it is not evident.
B. Yes, the rubber band felt warm which indicates heat loss.
C. No, the temperature is not related to a gain or loss of heat.
D. Yes, the rubber band felt warm which means it gained heat.
4. Why does the liquid of a thermometer rise on a hot day and drop down on a
cold day?
A. On a hot day, the particles in the liquid move slow and take up less
space. On a cold day, the particles in the liquid move fast and take up
more space.
B. On a hot day, the particles in the liquid move fast and take up more
space. On a cold day, the particles in the liquid move slowly and take up
less space.
1
C. On a hot day, the particles in the liquid move slow and take up less
space. On a cold day, the particles in the liquid don’t move and take no
space.
5. Which is commonly used as a refrigerant for most refrigerators?
A. Gas that is hard to liquefy
B. Liquid that is easy to solidify
C. Liquid that is hard to solidify
D. Easily converted from gas to liquid
Lesson Physics: How heat transfer and energy
1 transformation make heat engine

work?
Heat transfer is referred simply to as the heat movement of thermal energy from
one object to another object of different temperatures. How is it done? When you heat
a beaker of tap water on a hot burner, it is observed that the water temperature
increases. The heat flows from the hot burner to the beaker with tap water. Until the
temperature of the water and burner is equal. The direction of flow of heat transfer is
always from the object with a higher temperature to an object with a lower temperature.
Why is it essential for the energy to be transformed? Energy must be converted

to another form to make the heat engine work. Take for example the light bulb,
electrical energy has to flow into the bulb to produce light. Hence, electrical energy has
been transformed into light energy and heat energy.
What’s In
In the previous module you learn about changes in the forms of energy
specifically mechanical energy and how the mechanical energy is conserved during the
transfers and transformations. Before we proceed to the lessons, let us take time to
review or put stress on the following major concepts on work, energy, and power.
What energy transformation takes place in different situations?
1.
----
Chemical to ______________________
2.
---
Light to _____________________
2
3.
-----
Electrical to __________________ and ______________________
https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1CHZN_enPH930PH930&source=univ&tbm=is
ch&q=images+of+energy+transformation+takes+place+in+the+different+situations&sa=
X&ved=2ahUKEwj62PH2y7LyAhXQE4gKHbGRDCwQjJkEegQIAhAC&biw=1280&bih=6
09&dpr=1.5#imgrc=l652jTZkk3dFMM&imgdii=jdgXBBgLkyAQ9M
What’s New
The module explains how heat and work is related to each other. How is heat
converter into work and how is doing work releases heat. It also discusses the flow of
heat from higher to lower temperature objects (Spontaneous process) or flows of heat
from lower to higher temperature (Non-spontaneous process).
Activity 1.1 Heat and Internal Energy

Objective: Demonstrate how heat causes the increase of internal energy in water.
Materials: metal can (ex. sardines can), Styrofoam/paper cup, hot water, cold water
and thermometer.
Procedure:
1. Place the metal can inside the Styrofoam

cup/paper cup.
2. Put 100 mL of hot water inside the metal
can.
3. Fill the Styrofoam cup with cold water (same
level with the hot water) .
4. Measure the initial temperature of cold and
hot water. Figure 2. Spontaneous heat transfer
5. Measure the temperature until the two containers will have equal temperature.
Get the temperature reading.
Table 2. Temperature Reading

Final Temperature/
Container Initial Temperature (OC)
Equal Temp. (OC)
1. Can with hot water 70 40
2. Styrofoam (cold water) 25 40
3
Guide Questions:
Based on the table given above for the temperature reading answer the
following questions:
1. Compare the initial and final temperature readings.

2. What is happening at the particle level when energy is being transferred
between two objects?
3. Why is thermal equilibrium always established when two objects transfer heat?
4. What does the change in temperature indicate?
What is It
Heat is transferred from an object with high temperature to an object where the
temperature is lower? The process is said to be spontaneous until the temperature of
the two objects is in equilibrium or equal. To find out how much work is done to transfer
heat energy, how much heat is dissipated out of the system, and how much energy is
needed to increase the internal energy of the system we use the equation: Internal
energy equals heat minus work (∆U = Q – W).
Now that we know that internal energy can increase due to heat transfer, let us
now study the equations and sample problem below.
The first law of thermodynamics stated that energy is not created nor destroyed.
This is based on the change in internal energy(∆U) is equal to the energy transferred as
heat (Q) minus the work done on or by the system. It can be expressed as
∆U = Q-W All of these quantities are measured in Joules/J
Where U = internal energy
Q = heat
W = work
Q is positive when the system gains heat and negative when it loses heat. W is positive
when work is done by the system and negative when work is done on the system.
In this equation, we have the following conventions: Formula: ∆U = Q – W
1. Q is positive if the heat is added to the system
2. W is positive if work is done by the system
3. Q is negative if heat leaves the system
4. W is negative if work is done on the system
Sample Problem: 120 J of work is done on the system. The internal energy increases
by 80 J. How much energy is transferred as heat?
Solution: Q = ∆U + W
Given: Q = unknown;
Q = 80 J + (-120 J)
∆U = 80 J; W = -120J
Q = - 40 J
The Second Law of Thermodynamics can be stated as heat will never by itself flow
from a system of lower temperature to a system of higher temperature. The second law
is not restricted to heat engines. It distinguishes the direction of energy
transformations in natural processes. For example, molecules of gas all moving in
harmony constitute an orderly energy state. But if you remove the cover of the bottle
4
containing some gas, the gas molecules escape into the room and make up a more
disorderly state. You would not expect the reverse to happen, meaning, you would not
expect the gas molecules to return into the bottle and back to their orderly state.
Activity 1.2
Try solving this: Analyze each problem, identify the given, formula to use, and
provide the solution.
1. A sample of gas does 130 J of work against its surroundings and loses 70 J of
internal energy in the process. Does the gas gain or lose heat, and how much?
2. A 140 J of work is done on a system, in which the internal energy is increased by

85 J. How much energy is transferred as heat?
1. First law of thermodynamics stated that energy is not created nor destroyed
into something else. This is based on the process that the change or increase of
the internal energy is equal to the amount of heat flowing the system minus the
net work done by the system.
2. Internal energy is the sum of the mechanical potential and kinetic energies of
the particles in the system.
3. Adiabatic process- when the heat transfer of the system is equal to zero or no
heat transfer at all since energy is used exclusively for work.
What’s More
A heat pump is an instrument used to reverse the natural flow of heat or

spontaneous process of heat transfer into a non-spontaneous process by
absorbing heat from a cold space and releasing it to a warmer one. This process requires
mechanical energy input to take place. This supports the Second Law of
Thermodynamics which states that heat will never flow from a cold temperature to a hot
temperature object. Heat transfer in a refrigerator and air condition unit shows a
spontaneous process that required mechanical external energy. Since heat flows from
lower temperature to higher temperature. That is why a heat pump is needed. Just like
a refrigerator and air condition unit.
Activity 1.3
Objective:
● Explain how heat pumps work as exemplified by an air-conditioning unit and a

refrigerator.
Materials:
Diagram of refrigerator
5
l
Figure 3. Refrigeration cooling cycle process
NOTE: Use the link to answer the guide questions below.

1. https://www.achrnews.com/articles/143790-a-simple-guide-to-the-refrigeration-
cycle-and-how-air-conditioners-work
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uv3GfEQhtPE
Procedure:
Study the diagram above and its part. Answer the following questions.
Guide Questions:
Q 1. Explain how a refrigerator work.
Q 2. How does an evaporator work?
Q 3. What happens to the vapor in the compressor?
Q 4. What is the function of the condenser?
What I Have Learned
Direction: Read the paragraph carefully and supply the missing word(s) needed to
complete it. Get your answers in the box provided.
(1) __________ energy equals heat minus work. (2) __________ when the
heat transfer of the system is equal to zero or no heat transfer at all since
energy is used exclusively for work. (3) ___________ stated that energy is not
created nor destroyed into something else. Internal energy is the sum of the
(4 ) ___________ (5) ___________ (6)____________ energies of the particles in the
system. (7) ___________ an instrument used to reverse the natural flow of heat.
The flow of heat from higher to lower temperature objects is (8) ____________.
Flows of heat from lower to higher temperature is (9) _______________. The
6
amount of work output for a given amount of heat gives a system its (10) ____
Internal First law of thermodynamics mechanical potential kinetic

Adiabatic process heat pump spontaneous process thermal efficiency
nonspontaneous process
What I Can Do
Direction: Analyze the pictures below and tell whether if it is 1st Law of thermodynamics
or 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. Write your answer below the pictures.
(c) (d)
(e) (f)
https://www.google.com/search?q=pictures+examples+and+application+of+3rd+and+
second+law+of+thermodynamics&rlz=1C1CHZN_enPH930PH930&tbm=isch&source=i
u&ictx=1&fir=XA3B5Jj4o8in2M%252C8X-zspt7l4hPPM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-
kT1xz6rFjjuL2P1-
GNXBKDnne5fGQ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjahfj9sLTyAhVNFIgKHSEIBwEQ9QF6BAgKEA
E#imgrc=XxTZ6FMkAq3WdM
7
https://www.google.com/search?q=pictures+examples+and+application+of+1st+law+o
f+thermodynamics&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjI5PGAsbTyAhUKTpQKHSyODCYQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=pictures+examples+and+application+of+1st+law+of+thermodynamics
&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQA1CQ7ydYp5IoYMGkKGgAcAB4AIABggGIAZQMkgEEMTUuM5gBA
KABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=Tr4ZYciFK4qc0QSsnLKwAg&rlz=
1C1CHZN_enPH930PH930
Additional Activities
Direction: Complete the table below by writing 2 applications for the 1st law and 2nd
Law of Thermodynamics.
1st Law of Thermodynamics 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer.
of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Initially, the internal energy of the system is at 46 J. It does work of 45 J. What
is the final internal energy of the system if it is added with 57 J of energy by
heat into the system?
A. 37 J
B. 45 J
C. 46 J
D. 47 J
2. Work done by gas is at 300 J on its environment. It is added with 800 J of heat.
What is the internal energy change of the gas?
A. 300 J
B. 400 J
C. 500 J
D. 800 J
3. When the heat transfer is equal to zero and energy has been used exclusively for
work the process is said to be
A. adiabatic
B. Isothermal
C. Isovolumetric
D. Isolated system
4. Mr. Anton a sculpture, is sculpting a human figure from a piece of wood. After a
while, he observed that it is becoming hot. Is there any evidence of heat
transfer?
A. There is none.
B. No, hotness is not related to temperature change.
C. Yes, hotness is an indicative of temperature change.
D. Yes, hotness means there is a decrease in temperature
5. How does the deep well water move in an upward
direction?
A. It is naturally occurring.
B. It is driven by a heat pump.
C. It is a spontaneous process.
D. It flows from warmer to cooler temperatures.
8
9
Science
Generation, Transmission, and
Distribution of Electricity
Science – Grade 9
Quarter 4 – Module 7: Generation, Transmission, and Distribution of Electricity

Writer: Mary Queen C. Sangdaan

Paul Arellano Hernan L.
Apurada
Editor:
Reviewers: Macario Furigay, Dionicio A. Pacpaco, Lea D. Figueroa,

Josefina M. Celebrado, Ruby Rose S. Repaso, Baby Lyne E. Tagupa
Hernan L. Apurada

Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
What I Need to Know
As a student enrolled in a distance learning course, you are responsible for
mastering the lessons and completing the learning activities and assignments.
Remember, I will not be with you in person to guide and clarify matters for you.
Therefore, please work on all the learning tasks and activities. These activities will help
you to use the concepts and practice the skills you read about in this text.
The module is divided into two lessons, namely:
• Lesson 1 – Generation of Electricity

• Lesson 2 – Transmission and Distribution of Electricity

1. Explain how electricity is produced;
2. Trace the transformation of energy;
3. Explain how power-plants work to produce electricity; and
4. Determine the advantages and disadvantages of different sources of
electricity.
What I Know
Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer.

1. What is the paddle-like wheel in an engine that transforms rotational motion
into mechanical energy?
A. generator C. turbine
B. PV cells D. wind blade
2. What spins the turbine in a nuclear power plant?

A. flowing water C. oil
B. hot water D. steam
3. Which improves the efficiency of a thermal power plant?

A. lower load in the plant
B. use of high steam pressures
C. larger quantity of water used
D. increased quantity of coal burnt
4. Which is connected to the consumer’s circuit and measures the amount of

energy consumed in every household?
A. electric meter C. pole transformer
B. circuit breaker D. distribution feeders
5. Which factor increases the transmission efficiency of electricity?

A. voltage and power factor both increase
B. voltage and power factor both decrease
C. voltage increases but power factor decreases
D. voltage decreases but power factor increases
Lesson
1 Generation of Electricity
The most life-changing and innovation made by humans is electricity. Nowadays,

without electricity our survival is unimaginable. Long time ago, people can live without
light and electronic appliances. Life without electricity wouldn’t be easy today and it will
greatly affect our lives.
1
What’s In
In the following situation, identify which applies the first and second law of
thermodynamics. Write the word FIRST and SECOND on the blank.
____________1. An electric light bulb transforms electric energy into light energy.
____________2. Plants convert the radiant energy of the sunlight into chemical energy
____________3. The chemical energy stored in the body is transformed into kinetic
energy when we walk, run and swim.
____________4. Hot coffee cools down automatically.
____________5. Refrigerator using electricity to change the direction of heat flow.
What’s New
Activity 1.0 Guess the Word

Unscramble the letters to form a word that correctly describes the basic parts of
a Coal Powerplant. Write your answer inside the box.
Photo source: commons.wikimedia.org/modified
What is It
The primary energy sources such as coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and
other natural sources. Some of these sources can be use repeatedly and replaced
naturally which are called renewable sources. While some took millions of years to form
that are called non-renewable sources.
In each power plant, whether fossil-fueled or nuclear, the following basic

components are present. The heat source, turbine or generator, condenser, and pump.
1. The heat source in the power plant provides heat to generate steam. For
turbines to work efficiently, heat must enter it at a really high temperature
and pressure as possible.
2. The turbine or generator uses the steam produced in the heat source. The
spinning turbines cause large magnets to turn within copper wire coils in the
generators.
3. The condenser turns the steam (gas) back to water (liquid) so that it can be
returned to the heat source to be heated again
4. The pump in power plants provides the force to circulate the water to the
system.
4
What’s More
According to the law of conservation of energy it states that energy can neither
be created nor destroyed, this means that energy that is used does not disappear but
transformed into another type of energy.
Coal fired or fossil fuel Power plant is a thermal power station which burn coal to
generate electricity. The coal is usually pulverized and then burned in a pulverized
coalfired boiler.
a. Process of operation:
Combustion of coal Steam from boiling water Turbine Generator
b. Energy transformation:
Thermal energy Kinetic Energy Mechanical Electrical
Solar Power plant A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts light into
electric current using the photovoltaic effect.
Heat from the sun Photovoltaic cell Electricity
Solar radiation energy Chemical Energy Electrical Energy
Nuclear Power Plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear
reactor.
a. rocess of operation:
U-235/Po-239 fuel Heat Steam from boiling water Generator
b. nergy transformation:
Nuclear Energy Thermal E.. inetic Energy Mechanical Electrical
Geothermal Power Plant is a steam turbine thermal power stations in that heat from
the Earth’s core is used to heat water.
a. rocess of operation:
Drilled hotspots underground Steam Turbine Generator
b. nergy transformation:
Geothermal Energy Kinetic Mechanical Electrical
Windmill is a structure that converts wind power into rotational energy by means of
vanes called sails or blades around a rotor.
Air moves quickly Turbine Generator
Wind Energy Mechanical Electrical
Hydroelectric Power Plant captures the energy of falling water to generate electricity.
Water flow from reservoir Turbine Generator
Hydroelectric energy Mechanical Electrical
5
Activity 1.2 Coal Fired Power Generation
Identify the energy transfers in Coal Power Station. Choose your answer inside the box
and write it on the blank provided.
Part of Power What happens here What energy transfers happens here?
Station
furnace Coal is 1.__________ 2. ___________ 3._____________
(coal) (burning coal)
Boiler Water is heated and 5.____________ 6. _____________

turned into (steam) (moving steam)
4.________________
Steam 7._________ the
Turbine blades of the turbine and 8.____________ 9. _____________
turns it around. (moving steam) (turbine)
Generator A coil is 10. __________ 11. __________ 12. _____________

around an iron core and
spins inside a (movement (moving
magnetic field between the charges
mechanical in a
When there is a relative parts in the wire)
movement between the generator
wire and magnet, 13. which are the
______________ is
magnet and the
produced in the wire.
coil of wire)
mechanical wrapped spin/turn mechanical heat energy

Burnt heat/thermal kinetic electrical
Chemical mechanical current steam
Fill in the blanks with the correct word. Choose your answer inside the box.
___________ generate electricity by using a fuel to generate __________ energy that is
utilized to boil water to produce ________. It is then used to turn large turbine to spin. The
_________energy of a steam turbine is converted into electrical energy by a
___________.
steam power stations heat kinetic generator
What I Can Do
Write three possible ways to reduce your electrical energy consumption at home.
1. __________________________________________________________________________.
2. __________________________________________________________________________.
3. __________________________________________________________________________.
6
Lesson 2Transmission and
2 Distribution of Electricity
What’s In
In the previous lessons you learned how electricity is generated from different sources
such as coal, geothermal, hydroelectric, nuclear, solar and windmill to generate
electricity.
What’s New
Activity 2.0 Going to Electricity Maze

Help Mr. Electricity find his way to the houses in the urban areas.
In reality the electricity
normally makes its way
through a series of discrete
steps on the grid normally
divided in: generation or
production of electricity;
transmission or moving that
electricity from centralized
plants to populated areas; and
http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/code/BuildMaze.asp
distribution or delivering to
every individual customer.
What is It
In the Philippines, the generation and transmission of electricity is owned and

operated by National Power Corporation (NPC). NPC was a vertically integrated power
utility engaged in the production, transmission and distribution of electric power and
used to be the largest provider and generator of electricity in the country. It was also
the principal power provider for Manila Electric Company (Meralco), the only power
distributor in the Metro Manila area and its nearby provinces.
7
How electricity reaches our homes?
Step 1: The high voltage power produced by the generator enters a transmission
station at the power plant.
Photo source: http://www.elakiri.com/forumarchieve/index.php/ t-1514323.html

Transformers are used to change the voltages at different points in the grid. At power plants it boosts
the voltage up to 100,000 volts and sometimes much higher, before sending electricity on its way
over transmission lines and this lowers the current in lines.
Step 2: The huge amount of power at a very high voltage is carried by a long conductor
called transmission line to the transmission substation. Transmission line is supported
by a rigid structure called transmission tower. This also route power along the
transmission line
Step 3: A high voltage power in the transmission line reaches the distribution
substation. This station uses smaller transformer to “step down” the voltage or making
low voltage to a level suitable for distribution line so it can be sent through distribution
poles.
Step 4: At the distribution pole, a small transformer is mounted that further reduces
the voltage to 110 to 220 volts.
Step 5: The reduced voltage reaches the service drop wire that serves as a path for
the power from the distribution pole to the consumer.
Step 6: In the house, the control panel distributes power through wires in the walls and
through a meter that measures the amount of electrical energy used.
What’s More
Activity 2.1 Write with Power

Direction: Identify the following components numbered out in the diagram. Write the
number that corresponds to the name inside the box.
8
____Transformers on poles
____Dam or power station
____Transmission lines
____Distribution lines
____Dam or power station
____Neighborhood substation
transformer
____Service line for residence
Photo source: https://www.seattle.gov/light/vegetation-management/power-delivery/
What I Have Learned
Fill in the blanks with the correct word. Choose your answer inside the box.
Electricity is made at a power plant by huge generator. The current is sent

through a 1. _____________ to increase the voltage to push the power long distances.
The electric charge goes through a high-voltage and very long 2. ______________ that held
up by 3. _______________. When electricity reaches the city, smaller lines called 4.
_______________ carry the electricity to houses on ________________.
Distribution lines transmission lines transformer

Electric poles power station
What I Can Do
In your own words, describe briefly how electricity from the generating station gets to
your house.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
9
Assessment
1. How does a photovoltaic cell transform energy in solar power plants?

a. heat energy into mechanical energy
b. chemical energy into electrical energy
c. solar energy into electrical energy
d. electrical energy into chemical energy.
2. Which statement correctly describe the process of geothermal power plant?

a. Water rises and pushes a lever
b. Coal heats up the water that turns to steam
c. Cold and warm water collide, and force steam up
d. Water is heated up by a heating source which turns into steam and works
the machine
3. Most forms of electrical generation rely on a turbine. Which form energy source
doesn’t use a turbine?
a. coal c. solar
b. hydro d. wind
4. What is the function of the electric meter?
a. It is an adaptor
b. It contains a switch
c. It carries a current of 16 amps
d. It measures the consumption of electricity
5. What happens if current is transmitted at a high voltage?

a. Less energy is lost
b. More energy is lost
c. It produces alternating current
d. Underground cables are used
10
References
J.M.K.C. Donev et al. (2019). Energy Education - Coal fired power plant [Online]. Available: https://energyeducation.ca/
encyclopedia/Coal_fired_power_plant. [Accessed: June 16, 2020].
Baldizon, Roberto (5 March 2019). "Innovations on Concentrated Solar Thermal

Power". Medium. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
M. Brain et. Al How Nuclear Power Works
Tiwari, G. N.; Ghosal, M. K. (2005), Renewable Energy Resources: Basic Principles and
Applications, Alpha Science, ISBN 978-1-84265-125-4
Glassley, William E. (2010). Geothermal Energy: Renewable Energy and the Environment,
CRC Press, ISBN 9781420075700.[
Martin Watts (2006). Windmills. Osprey Publishing.

http://www.wvic.com/content/how_hydropower_works.cfm
"Hydroelectric power - energy from falling water". Clara.net.
Hendersons, Tom. (2013) Work and energy.
Kirckpatrick, L.D., & Wheeler, G.F. (1998) Physics: A worldview. Forth Worth Saunders
College-
https://www.alliantenergykids.com/AllAboutEnergy/HowElectricityIsMade https://www.explainthatstuff.com/
powerplants.html
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/coal-power-stations-6447642
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/power-station-revision-6241880
https://caec.coop/electric-service/how-power-is-delivered-to-your-home/
https://intl.siyavula.com/read/science/grade-9/energy-and-the-national-electricity-grid/20-energy-and-the-
national-electricity-grid?id=toc-id-3
Photo credits:
Wikimedia Commons [Online],

Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Ferrybridge_%27C%2
7_Power_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_35089.jpg
Wikimedia Commons [Online].
Available: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Coal_fired_pow
er_plant_diagram.svg/1280px-Coal_fired_power_plant_diagram.svg.png
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropower
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_distribution
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Figure_1-
_Sample_Layout_of_Emissions_Controls_at_a_Coal_Power_Plant_(7315637538).jpg
https://speakingofgeoscience.org/2020/04/06/geothermal-bills-make-progress-through-both-chambers/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PWR_nuclear_power_plant_diagram.svg
http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/code/BuildMaze.asp
http://www.elakiri.com/forum/archieve/index.php/t-1514323.html
https://elements.envato.com/large-electrical-transmission-station-with-cables--Q6SEDZM) http://
www.ndbcnews.com.ph/news/mindanaos-transmission-lines-not-affected-el-nino-ngcp-exec)
https://new.abb.com/substations/utility-solutions/distribution-substations)
https://myphilippinelife.com/philippine-electrical-wiring/
http://livingstingy.blogspot.com/2017/07/your-service-drop-and-you.html)
https://www.bworldonline.com/england-takes-silver/electric-meter-040419/)
https://alciska.com/panel-board-supplier-different-types-of-panel-boards-for-your-needs/) https://www.seattle.gov/
light/vegetation-management/power-delivery/
http://electricalengineeringdesigns.blogspot.com/, May 2012 https://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_distribution
11
9
Physics
Quarter 4 – Module 8:
Enrichment Activities
Science – Grade 9
Quarter 4– Module 1: Force, Motion, and Energy
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Jay F. Macasieb, DEM CESE

Writers: Kristine L. Barbosa, Christian H. Mayores, Editha B. Ongtangco,
Emelita S. Ilarde, Flordeliza I. Domingo, Regina L. Saraza, &
Fenita C. Castillo
Editors: Hernan L. Apurada
Reviewers: Macario Furigay, Dionicio A. Pacpaco, Lea D. Figueroa, Josefina
M. Celebrado, Ruby Rose S. Repaso, Baby Lyne E. Tagupa
Chief Education Supervisor, Curriculum and Implementation
Division
Hernan L. Apurada
Education Program Supervisor, Science

Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Physics. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.
1. Describe the horizontal and vertical motions of projectile.

2. Investigate the relationship between the angle of release, height and range of the
projectile.
3. Demonstrate what happens to the height and range of the projectile at different
angles of release.
4. calculate momentum and impulse in the given problems;
5. relate impulse and momentum to collision of objects; and
6. infer that the total momentum before and after collision are equal.
7. Differentiate the forms of Mechanical Energy (Potential and Kinetic).
8. Perform simple calculations on Potential and Kinetic Energy.
9. Perform activities that demonstrate the conservation of Mechanical Energy.
What I Know
1. Which is TRUE about the acceleration in the horizontal component of a

projectile motion?
A. The acceleration is zero.
B. The acceleration is changing.
C. The acceleration is constant and equal to -9.8 m/s2.
D. The acceleration is constant and equal to 9.8 m/ .
2. What is the path followed by the projectile?

A. vertex C. projectile motion
B. trajectory D. acceleration due to gravity
3. An athlete throws a ball with a velocity of 35 m/s at an angle of 25 degrees

above the horizontal. Which statement is TRUE in this case?
A. The vertical component of the velocity changes.
B. The horizontal component of the velocity changes.
C. The vertical component of the velocity remains constant.
D. The vertical component of the velocity changes sign after the ball attains its
maximum height.
1
4. What is the horizontal component of the velocity of a projectile if it is moving
through air with zero horizontal acceleration?
A. constant B. decreasing C. increasing D. zero
5. An object is launched at an angle to the horizontal on a long, flat firing range.

Which angle produces the longest range? Assume that air resistance is
negligible.
A. 30 degrees B. 45 degrees C. 60 degrees D.90 degrees

6. At what angle should a water hose be aimed in order for the water to land
with the greatest horizontal range?
a. 0° c. 45°
b. 30° d. 60°
7. A ball is hit at an angle of 30° and it reaches a distance of 50 m. Given the

same initial velocity, at what other angle should a ball be hit to reach the same
distance?
a. 15° c. 60°
b. 45° d. 75°
8. A ball is hit an angle of 30°. At what point in its trajectory does this projectile
have the least velocity?
a. just after it was launched

b. just before it hits the ground
c. at the highest point in its flight
d. halfway between the ground and the highest point
9. Suppose a ping pong ball is tossed. When the ball reaches the highest point,
which statement about the ball’s velocity and acceleration is TRUE?
a. Both its velocity and its acceleration are zero.

b. Its velocity is zero and its acceleration is not zero.
c. Its velocity is not zero and its acceleration is zero.
d. Neither its velocity nor its acceleration is zero.
10. A soccer player made three soccer kicks at 70°, 50°, and 30° with varying
velocity all reaching the same maximum heights. Which statement is
correct?
A. All kicks have the same hang time.

B. The kick at 70° has the longest hang time.
C. The kick at 50° has the longest hang time.
D. The kick at 30° has the longest hang time.
11. A rubber ball and a lump of clay have equal mass. They are thrown with
equal speed against a wall. The ball bounces back with nearly the same
speed with which it hit. The clay sticks to the wall. Which one of these
objects experiences the greater momentum change?
A. the clay
B. the ball
C. both experience zero momentum change
D. both experience the same non-zero momentum change
2
12. A 0.10-kg ball, traveling horizontally at 25 m/s, strikes a wall and
rebounds at 19 m/s. What is the change in momentum of the ball during
the rebound?
A. 1.2 kg ∙ m/s
B. 1.9 kg ∙ m/s
C. 4.4 kg ∙ m/s
D. 72 kg ∙ m/s
13. An astronaut floating alone in outer space throws a baseball. Which will
happen to the astronaut if the ball moves away at 20 m/s?
A. move in the same direction at 20 m/s.
B. move in the opposite direction at 20 m/s.
C. move in the opposite direction at a lower speed.
D. move in the opposite direction at a higher speed.
14. A man is driving down the highway and a bug spatters in the windshield.
Which undergoes the greater change in momentum during the time of
contact?
A. the bug C. both the same
B. man’s car D. either the man or the bug
15. Which situation most closely resembles an inelastic collision?
A. a player kicking a soccer ball

B. a baseball being struck by a bat
C. a linebacker tackling a running back
D. a tennis racquet striking a tennis ball a player kicking a soccer ball
16. Which situation does not describe conservation of mechanical energy?

A. Take-off of an airplane.
B. pendulum moving to & fro
C. a mango fruit falls from a tree.
D. releasing an arrow from its bow
17. What happens to the kinetic energy of a roller coaster as it approaches its
lowest point? Kinetic energy ___________.
A. decreases.
B. increases.
C. decreases then increases.
D. increases then decreases.
18. Which BEST defines mechanical energy?

A. the energy of an object due to its concentration
B. the energy possessed by an object due to its temperature
C. the energy possessed by an object due to its magnetic property
D. the energy possessed by an object due to its location or position and its
motion
19. What happens to the potential energy of the roller coaster as it approaches
the highest point?
A. decreases.
B. increases.
C. decreases then increases.
D. increases then decreases.
20. Which statement BEST describes the conservation of mechanical energy?
Mechanical energy is
A. the same as kinetic energy.
B. the same as potential energy.
C. the product of potential energy and kinetic energy.
D. the sum of the potential energy and kinetic energy in each system.
3
Enrichment Activities
Activity 1 Where to go?
The diagrams below show situations in which forces are acting on the objects.
Study each diagram. Then, answer the questions.
A B
40N 40N 20N 40N
g g
5kg 5kg
1 2
1. In which diagram are the forces balanced?

2. What will happen to the object in each diagram if it is at rest? Explain.
3. What will happen to the object in each diagram if it is moving at a certain
velocity? Explain.
Activity 2 Word Hunt
Locate the given words in the grid. Possible directions are horizontally,
vertically, or diagonally. Letters can be used more than once.
Projectile Trajectory Vertical Horizontal Range
P R O J E C T I L E
S A E E E E D C C C
A N C F F F F S A Q
S G A S D W W S W F
V E R T I C A L S S
S D D D D D D D D D
H O R I Z O N T A L
T R A J E C T O R Y
Activity 3 Project Me Right
Situation A: A ball is thrown horizontally from the top of a tower at the same instant
that a stone is dropped vertically. Which object is traveling faster when it hits the level
ground below if neither of them experiences any air resistance?
klbarbosa2021
4
a. the stone
b. the ball
c. Both are travelling at the same speed.
d. It is impossible to tell because we do not know their mass.
Situation B. A pilot drops a package from a plane flying horizontally at a constant

speed. Neglecting air resistance, when the package hits the ground the horizontal
location of the plane will be _______________
a. behind the package.

b. in front of the package.
c. directly over the package.
d. dependent on the speed of the plane when the package was released.
Activity 4 Fired Me Up
1. The diagram below shows three positions on the trajectory of a cannon ball.
Answer the questions below.
B
Vi C
A
θi
a) At which letter is the horizontal velocity the greatest? the least?
b) At which letter is the vertical velocity the greatest? the least?
c) At which letter is the vertical velocity zero?
d) At which letter is the acceleration the greatest? the least?
2. a. In diagram A three marbles are launched from the same height on a table,
according to the paths they take which one has the highest horizontal velocity?
vertical velocity?
5
b. In diagram B three marbles were launched from different heights on shelves,
according to the paths they take which one has the highest horizontal velocity?
vertical velocity?
c. In diagram C three marbles were launched from different heights on shelves with
the same velocity, sketch the approximate trajectories of each marble.
Activity 5 Fill in the blanks
Projectile parabolic acceleration range independent
1. A ______________ is any object thrown horizontally or vertically upon which the only
force acting is gravity.
2. Projectiles travel with a _____________ trajectory due to influence of gravity.
3. There are no horizontal forces acting upon projectiles and thus no horizontal
________________.
4. The horizontal displacement of the projectile from its initial position to a point in
which its vertical displacement is zero is called ___________________.
5. The horizontal motion of a projectile is ______________ of its vertical motion.
Activity 6 Finding HorVert
Use the range and maximum height equation to calculate the horizontal
distance a baseball if the initial velocity is 55 m/s and the ball is thrown at an angle
of:
6
Angle Range Max Height
Example: Example:
20°
40°
60°
70°
Activity 7 Velocity in Two Dimension
A ball is thrown horizontally at an angle with an initial velocity of 10.0 m/s and
an initial vertical velocity of 29.4 m/s. The trajectory diagram shows the position of
the ball after each consecutive second. Choose the correct word from the box below.
Decreases Increases Constant Zero Note:

This vector
diagram is
depicting velocity
vectors, not force
or acceleration
7
Activity 8 Free-falling Inlove with You!
A projectile is an object that has the following characteristics:

1. The only force acting on it is a _________________; it is a free-falling object.
2. The ________________ is directed downwards and has a value of -9.8 m/s2
3. Once projected, it continues its horizontal motion without any need of a ______.
4. As it rises, its vertical velocity (vy) _________; as it falls, its velocity (vy) increases.
5. As it travels through the air, its horizontal velocity remains ______________.
6. For 0° ≤ θ < 45°, the range (R) __________ with an increasing angle of projection.
However, for 45° < θ ≤ 90°, the range (R) ____________ with an increasing angle of
projection. Range is maximum when θ = 45°. Therefore, the projectile travels the
farthest when it is launched at an angle of 45°.
Activity 9: Problem Solving for the Unknown Quantity in Momentum.
A. Given the following data, solve for momentum using the formula, p = mv.
Object Mass (kg) Velocity (m/s) Momentum (kg-
m/s)
Turtle 18 0.03 (1)
Carabao 100 5 (2)
B. Applying the equation for momentum, p = mv, answer the following

problems:
1. A skateboard is rolling at a velocity of 3.0 m/s with a momentum of 6.0 kg-
m/s. What is its mass?
Activity 10: Problem Solving on Impulse-Momentum Theorem

Complete the table below for the unknown quantity in solving problem about Impulse
using the formula given; I = Δp = mΔv or Ft = Δp
Body/Object Force (F) Time (t) Mass (m) Velocity Change in
in Motion Newton Seconds Kilogram (v) Momentum
(N) (s) (Kg) Meter per (Kg-m/s)/
second Impulse
(m/s) (Ns)
Passenger
bumped in an
airbag inside (1) (2)
the car that 23 sec 45.9 Kg 122 Kg-m/s
collided with
the wall of the
building.
Ball bounced
back after (3) (4)
hitting the 18 N 15 sec 38.3 m/s
drum full of
water.
Activity 11 - Examples of Potential and Kinetic Energy
Directions: Give examples of potential and kinetic energy
Potential Energy Kinetic Energy

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
8
Activity 12 - Problem Set
The problem above will serve as your guide in solving problems 1 to 3. Show
your solution following GRESA.
1. What is the total mechanical energy (TME) of a 1000kg motorcycle

resting on the top of a 10m hill? g = 9.8m/s2 Answer:__________
2. What is the kinetic energy of an airplane with a total mass of

50,000kg that is moving at a velocity of 250m/s? Answer:__________
3. A 50 kg gorilla is sitting on the limb of a tree 4 meters above the

ground. What is the potential energy of the gorilla?
Answer:__________
Assessment
1. What is TRUE about the vertical velocity of a projectile launched horizontally?

A. It is initially at its maximum value.
B. It increases due to gravity as it falls.
C. It decreases as it falls due to gravity.
D. It remains constant throughout its trajectory.
2. In projectile motion with no air resistance the horizontal component of acceleration

is equal to?
A. 0
B. -9.8 m/
C. 9.8 m/
D. 980 m/s2
3. Projectile motion is a combination of horizontal motion. Complete the analogy:

horizontal motion : constant velocity :vertical motion : constant ______
A. acceleration
B. air resistance
C. speed
D. trajectory
4. If the x-component of acceleration is zero, what will be the horizontal
component of the velocity
A. constant
B. decreasing
C. increasing
D. zero
5. Which of the following is the motion of objects moving in two dimensions

under the influence of gravity?
A. horizontal velocity
B. directrix
C. parabola
D. projectile motion
6. What is the direction of velocity and acceleration if the projectile is moving
upward?
A. Velocity is upward and acceleration is upward.

B. Velocity is upward and acceleration is downward.
C. Velocity is downward and acceleration is downward.
D. Velocity and acceleration cannot be determined.
7. What is the velocity of a projectile upon reaching the highest point?
9
A. 0 c. 1 m/s
B. 9.8 m/s d. -9.8 m/s
8. At what angle should a water hose be aimed in order for the water to land
with the greatest horizontal range?

A. 0° c. 40°
B. 30° d. 45°
9. A ball is hit at an angle of 30° and it reaches a distance of 50 m. Given

the same initial velocity, at what other angle should a ball be hit to reach
the same distance?
A. 15° c. 60°
B. 45° d. 75°
10. A volleyball is served at a speed of 8.0 m/s at an angle 35° above the
horizontal. What is the velocity of the ball when received by the opponent at
the same height?
A. 4.0 m/s c. 9.8 m/s
B. 8.0 m/s d. 16.0 m/s
11. If an object with a mass of 12 kilograms is moving at
10 meters per second, what is its momentum? (smallest
to biggest)
A. 120 kg-m/s B. 130 Kg-m/s
C. 1.2 Kg-m/s D. 1.4 Kg-m/s
12. When does the net force on an object increase?
a. when Δp decreases C. when Δt
decreases
b. when Δt increases D. when Δp
increases
13. In the equation Δp = m (vf − vi), which quantity is constant?
A. Initial velocity C. Mass
B. Final velocity D. Momentum
14. If both mass and velocity of an object are constant, what can you
tell about its impulse?
A. Its impulse would be constant.
B. Its impulse would be zero.
C. Its impulse would be increasing.
D. Its impulse would be decreasing.
15. Why are the railings along roadsides intended
to collapse (bend and crumple) when a car
runs into them?
A. to increase the contact time and decrease the crash force
B. to increase the momentum and decrease the crash force
C. so the cars cannot rebound back to the middle of the road
D. so they can replace them every year and provide jobs for
unemployed workers
10

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Development Team of the Module

Writer: Susana A. Abarientos

Editor: Hernan L. Apurada

Reviewers: Macario Furigay, Dionicio A. Pacpaco, Lea D. Figueroa, Josefina

Layout Artist: Maria Vina C. Liwanag

Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

Direction: Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer.

3. The average kinetic energy of all particles in an object is called

When we think of heat energy, we think of temperature. Heat and temperature

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics looking at how changes in energy,

Activity 1.2 (DIY) DO-IT-YOURSELF Turbine Model

Kinetic Thermodynamics Work Heat First Law of Thermodynamics

Direction: Identify at least 3 household chores that you do with an

Direction: Answer the question below. Write an essay in at least 5 to 8

“Why is thermodynamics important in our daily life?”

2. Which of the following represents the first law of thermodynamics?

3. According to the first law of thermodynamics, in an isothermal process

4. The SI unit of energy is

5. By doing work or by heating internal energy can be

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Joseph E. Vineles

Reviewers: Macario Furigay, Dionicio A. Pacpaco, Lea D. Figueroa,

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Which is observed when one object rubs against another

2. Which refers to the energy of moving particles in the matter?

3. When a rubber band is stretched by five times, it is observed that it is warmer.

Lesson Physics: How heat transfer and energy

1 transformation make heat engine

Why is it essential for the energy to be transformed? Energy must be converted

Activity 1.1 Heat and Internal Energy

1. Place the metal can inside the Styrofoam

Table 2. Temperature Reading

1. Compare the initial and final temperature readings.

2. A 140 J of work is done on a system, in which the internal energy is increased by

A heat pump is an instrument used to reverse the natural flow of heat or

● Explain how heat pumps work as exemplified by an air-conditioning unit and a

NOTE: Use the link to answer the guide questions below.

What I Have Learned

Internal First law of thermodynamics mechanical potential kinetic

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Mary Queen C. Sangdaan

Reviewers: Macario Furigay, Dionicio A. Pacpaco, Lea D. Figueroa,

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

• Lesson 1 – Generation of Electricity

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer.

2. What spins the turbine in a nuclear power plant?

3. Which improves the efficiency of a thermal power plant?

4. Which is connected to the consumer’s circuit and measures the amount of

5. Which factor increases the transmission efficiency of electricity?

Boiler Water is heated and 5. 6. _

Generator A coil is 10. 11. 12. _____