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Chemical Properties of Metals

The document discusses the reactivity series of metals and how the position of a metal in the series can predict its reactions with oxygen, water, acids, and other metals. Metals higher in the series, like cesium and sodium, react vigorously with water, while lower metals like copper and silver do not. Metal oxides formed are basic. Displacement reactions occur when a more reactive metal takes the place of a less reactive one in a compound.

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58 views

Chemical Properties of Metals

The document discusses the reactivity series of metals and how the position of a metal in the series can predict its reactions with oxygen, water, acids, and other metals. Metals higher in the series, like cesium and sodium, react vigorously with water, while lower metals like copper and silver do not. Metal oxides formed are basic. Displacement reactions occur when a more reactive metal takes the place of a less reactive one in a compound.

Uploaded by

DAKSH GREAD DPSN-STD
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chemistry SLC

Chemical Properties of Metals


Metals react differently with different chemical substances on basis of their
location in the reactivity series of metals.
I. Reactivity Series
In Chemistry, The Reactivity series is a list of metals arranged in decreasing
order of their reactivity. Most reactive metals are at the top while the least
reactive metals are at the bottom for any two metals in the series the metal
placed higher in the series can place lower metals from their salt solution.
A chart of the reactivity series of common metals is provided above

o In the long tabular reactivity series Caesium (Cs) is the most reactive
metal and Gold (Au) is the least reactive metal.
Uses Of Reactivity Series:
o The outcome of the reactions between metals and water, metals and acids,
and single displacement reactions between metals can be predicted with
the help of the reactivity series.

II. Reaction of Metals with Oxygen:


o Metals react with oxygen and form metal oxides which are basic in nature
basic metal oxides turn red litmus to blue.

Metal + Oxygen → Metal Oxide (Basic Oxide)


Example –
2Mg + O2→2MgO
2Na + O2→2NaO

Experiment I: Magnesium Ribbon Activity


Aim: To prove that metal oxide is basic in nature.
Materials required: Magnesium Ribbon, Bunsen Burner, Water, Petri dish, Red
Litmus Paper
Procedure: Light the burner and adjust the flame to light blue.
o Holding one end of the magnesium ribbon with tongs, place the other end
in the flame until it ignites.
o The burning ribbon should be held at arm’s length.
o DO NOT LOOK DIRECTLY AT THE BURNING RIBBON
o The burning magnesium yields brilliant light and intense heat and
produces a white powder called magnesium oxide.
o Magnesium Oxide is then dissolved in water to form Magnesium
Hydroxide
o Now test this solution with red litmus paper

Mg + O2 →2MgO
Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium Oxide
2MgO + H2O → 2Mg (OH)2
Magnesium Oxide + Water→ Magnesium Hydroxide
Observation: The red litmus paper turns blue and the solution is basic in
nature
Conclusion: This proves that metal oxides are basic in nature
III. Reaction of Metals with Water:
o Metals react with water to form metal hydroxide with a release of
hydrogen gas.
Metal + Water → Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen Gas
Example –
2Na +2H2O→2Na (OH) +H2
Ca + 2H2O → Ca (OH)2 + H2
o Some metals react vigorously even with freezing water (e.g., Sodium,
Potassium), some metals react with hot water (e.g., Magnesium, Calcium)
and some react with steam (e.g., Zinc, Iron) whereas some metals do not
react with any form of water (e.g., Copper, Silver, and Gold).

Experiment II: The reaction Of Sodium Metal with Water


Aim: To understand the reaction of sodium metal with water
Materials required: Sodium Metal, Filter Paper, Cotton, Red Litmus Paper
Procedure:
o Cut a small piece of sodium metal carefully and dry it using filter
paper. Wrap it in a small piece of cotton. Then, put the wrapped
sodium piece in a beaker which is half filled with water
Observation:
o We will find that the sodium piece starts moving in water making a
hissing sound which is due to the formation of bubbles of hydrogen
gas.
o Sodium reacts by causing little explosions. Soon it catches fire.
o When the reaction stops touch the beaker. We feel the beaker to be
hot. It is because heat is produced in this reaction
o Then test the solution with red litmus paper. We will find that the
solution turns red litmus to blue. Due to the formation of Sodium
Hydroxide in the beaker.
Conclusion: This indicates the basic nature of the solution.
Sodium + Water → Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrogen Gas + Heat
Na + H2O → Na (OH) + H2 + Heat

IV. Reaction Of Metals with Acids:


o Most of the metals react with dilute acids to form salts and hydrogen gas.

Metal + Acids → Salt + Hydrogen Gas


Example –
2Na + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2
Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
o Warning: keep the mouth of the test tube. Use a test tube holder to hold
the test tube.

V. Reaction Of Metals with Bases:


o Amphoteric Metals: In Chemistry, an amphoteric compound is a
molecule or ion that can react with both acids and bases.
Example – Aluminium (Al), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn)
o Amphoteric metals react with bases to form salts and hydrogen gas.
Metal + Bases → Salt + Hydrogen Gas

Example –
2Zn + 2NaOH → 2Na2ZnO2 + H2
2Al + 6KOH → 2K3AlO3 + 3H2
VI. Displacement Reactions:
o In a chemical reaction, when a more reactive metal displaces the less
reactive metal from its salt solution, it is called a displacement reaction or
single displacement reaction
Example –
Zn + CuSO4(Blue) → ZnSO4(Colourless) + Cu (Red)
(Zinc displaces Copper in its salt solution as it is more reactive than Copper)
Experiment III: Displacement Reaction
Aim: To understand the displacement reaction between Iron and Copper
Sulphate
Materials Required: Iron Nail, Copper Sulphate, Water (50 ml in beaker),
Test Tube, Clamp Stand, Sandpaper.
Procedure:
o Clean an iron nail by rubbing it with sandpaper until it is greyish.
o Separate two test tubes and label them A and B. Add 10 mL of freshly
prepared copper sulphate solution to each test tube and secure these test
tubes in two separate clamp stands.
o Thread the nail and hang it in test tube B. It is important to ensure that the
iron nail is completely immersed in CuS04 solution. Tie the other end of
the thread to the stand.
o Keep the other iron nail on a piece of white paper.
o Leave the setup alone for a while.
o Take the nail out of the solution and place it along the side of the second
iron nail on the sheet of paper.
Observation:
o The colour of pure iron is greyish. Pure copper is a reddish-brown metal.
The presence of Cu2+ ions causes the aqueous Cu solution of copper
sulphate to be blue. The presence of Fe2+ ions causes the aqueous solution
of ferrous sulphate to be pale green.
o Since iron is more reactive than copper, it removes copper from its salt
solution.
Fe (Grey) + CuSO4(Blue) → FeSO4(Greenish-grey) + Cu (Red)
Conclusion: Displacement reaction occurs when less reactive metal gets
displaces by more reactive metal.

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