FST Technical Manual 2015 Sec09 Vibration Control

VIBRATION CONTROL
TECHNICAL PRINCIPLES
Vibration Control 814
Engineering Basics 816
Modelling 817
Vibration Control is a Trade-off between Conflicting Objectives 818
Procedure for Component Selection 820
Static Compressive Deflection 821
Mount Reaction/Force 822
Notes 823
Assembly 827
Basic and Operational Characteristics of Elastomer Materials 829
Overview 830
PRODUCTS
Products 831
Design Types 832

Technical Principles | Vibration Control
VIBRATION CONTROL
Modern vibration control reliably protects increasingly REQUIREMENTS

complex machinery and units against vibration, thus
extending their service life on a sustained basis. The • General vibration reduction for protecting systems
simultaneous reduction of noise provides for greater and their adjacent components
system operating comfort, at the same time e nabling ad- • Accommodation for axial, radial and torsional move-
herence to legal regulations regarding noise emissions. ments and cardanic deflection
Within the scope of vibration control, Freudenberg • Damping of vertical vibrations
Sealing Technologies (FST) offers hydraulic cushioning • Accommodation of horizontal forces, e.g. braking
components such as Hydro Mount and Hydro Bush effect
as well as a broad spectrum of elastomer dampers • Mechanical vibration sound insulation for reducing
(Ultra Bush, Spherical Mount, Conical Mount, Machine noise emissions
Mount, Tapered Mount, Instrument Mount, Centering • Equalising of components to extend the range of the
Mount and much more). operating conditions
• Limitation of movements.
814 © Freudenberg Sealing Technologies GmbH & Co. KG | Technical Manual

FEATURES
• Frequency and amplitude based or dependent

damping
• Integrated limitation of the spring displacement and
possibilities for load levelling
• Solutions for extremely rough operating conditions
• RoHS-compliant
• A high degree of adaptability to individual applica-
tion situations
• Very robust design
• Excellent insulation behaviour at various frequency
ranges.
APPLICATION AREAS
Vibration control-related solutions from Freudenberg

Sealing Technologies are used around the world in
agricultural and construction machinery, in general
mechanical engineering, in ship building, in wind power
plants, drive engineering and the railway industry.
• Engine mounts in construction and agricultural
machinery, ships
• Roller bearing mounts in construction machinery
• Mesh bearing mounts in combine harvesters
• Generator bearing mounts (e.g. in wind power plants)
• Cabin and superstructure mounts
• Mounting of electronic assemblies
• Mounting of pumps, mixers, centrifuges
• Mounting of assemblies in rolling mills
• etc.
© Freudenberg Sealing Technologies GmbH & Co. KG | Technical Manual 815

ENGINEERING BASICS
An example involving a driver's cabin is used here to • Mass of the cabin

clarify the factors that cause vibrations in a system of • Spring characteristics of the mount configuration
mounts with resilient and damping elements. • Damping characteristics of the mounts
• Preloading of the mounts
A vehicle cabin is affixed to a base frame with an (e.g. compressive deflection at the working point)
elastic and damping mount configuration. The – for the • Kinetic energy of the cabin
most part rigid – base frame moves with large vibration • Excitation frequency
amplitudes, owing to the travelling motion of the vehi- • Excitation amplitude.
cle. The result of the movements of the base frame are
vibrations of the cabin, which is equally as rigid. If the base frame or the cabin are considered to be
elastic, then a differentiated approach must identify
The vibration amplitudes result from these influencing and include additional influencing factors (that are
factors: not a part of the consideration). The objective of using
vibration-control components is to reduce any vibration
amplitudes that occur, whether in the form of noise or
vibration.
"Yaw"
crosswise
lengthwise
cab
"Pitch"
stroke
"Sway"
Y
x
Possible movements:
Linear movement in x: "Longitudinal motion"
Linear movement in y: "Transverse motion"
Linear movement in z: "Vertical motion"
Rotation about x: "Sway"
Rotation about y: "Pitch"
Rotation about z: "Yaw"
Fig. 1 Possible movements of a rigid body

MODELLING
________________
∧
√
One of the fundamental assessment aids in vibration [2]
_x =   
  
 
1+(2Dλ)2
______________
     
control is the model of the single-mass oscillator with ∧
y (1– λ2)2 + (2Dλ)2
a degree of freedom, consisting of spring and mass
(→ Figure 2). It has the typical characteristic of a It is not intended to go into the application of math-
natural frequency. It is used to examine and describe ematical equations here.
periodic processes (vibrations). The model presented In the equation [1], the single-mass oscillator (→ Fig. 2)
here has been expanded by one damper. The damping is described with its behaviour as dependent on the pe-
mechanism provides for a reduction of vibrations. riod and the other dimensions. Equation [2] describes
the relationship of oscillation response to oscillatory ex-
Model of a single-mass oscillator (1 degree of freedom) citations, dependent on the damping and the frequency
ratio. With the assumption of a linear spring charac-
x (t) teristic curve and a damping-free mounts, the natural
m frequency, see equations [3], can be read directly from
the following Diagram 1.
c b
y(t)
[3]
950 1
ne = ____ [ ]
  __s   ___
√
    
min
If superimposed vibrations occur translationally, rota

Fig. 2 Single-mass oscillator
tionally or a combination thereof, see (→ Fig. 1),
then the single-mass oscillator model, as depicted in
Differential equation as the basis for the mathematical
Figure 2, can no longer be applied. The mathematical
solution
models describing the oscillatory behaviour must be
extended. Modern software tools can be of assistance
[1] m ẍ + b(ẋ–ẏ) + c(x–y) = 0
here.
Amplification function as the result of mathematical
considerations with various degrees of damping.
1 000
Natural frequency [HZ]
100
10
0,1
0,1 1,0 10,0
Static deflection [mm]
Diagram 1 Calculation of the spring deflection at the natural frequency [3]

VIBRATION CONTROL IS A TRADE-OFF BETWEEN CONFLICTING
OBJECTIVES damping always occurs, limiting the oscillation ampli-

tude.
In very many instances, it is desirable to achieve signifi-
cant reductions in the vibrations occurring at stipulated
points.
The essential characteristic of oscillatory systems is

the resonance. It occurs when there is synchronicity of
the excitation frequency and the natural frequency,
frequency ratio λ ≈ 1, (→ Diagram 2).
Theoretically, the amplitudes of the resonance can be

infinitely large, see equation [2]. In reality, however,
Before optimisation: After optimisation:

amplitude is +/– 1 mm amplitude is +/– 0,2 mm
Fig. 4 Movement possibilities of the cabin

Isolation
80%
Fig. 3 Optimisation of the cabin suspension
Fig. 5 Vertical vibrations of the cabin before optimisation
Fig. 6 Vertical vibrations of the cabin after optimisation

Mount force/excitation force amplitude[1] 6
3 0,0
0,1
0,2
2 0,3
0,5
1,0
1
0
0 1 √2 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency ratio λ [1]
Diagram 2 Amount of the transfer function (quotient resulting from the force reaction and exciter force amplitude)
Usage of damping in a targeted manner can signifi- Due to an increase in the damping, the reduction of
cantly reduce the vibration amplitudes. In mounts with the amplitudes, starting from a frequency ratio above
elastomeric components, a frequency ratio of greater √2, is lessened (→ Fig. 2). A significantly reduced
than 2,5 to 3 and beyond can be recommended. amplitude at a frequency ratio greater than √2 requires
reduced damping. This results in a central conflict of
D >0 corresponds to steel and comparable
objectives in the design of the vibration control-related
materials
suspension and the selection of the suitable suspension
D ~0,1 corresponds to NR
components.
D ~0,25 corresponds to AEM with high Shore
hardness
The assessment of the reduction of the amplitude of the
D ~0,1... 0,3... hydr. damping components.
vibrations is made based on the degree of insulation i.
A degree of insulation of 80% means that only 20% of
the original amplitude introduced to a suspension com-
ponent is then further transmitted by it.

PROCEDURE FOR COMPONENT SELECTION
TERMS OF REFERENCE under load.

The static compressive deflection should be a maximum
The objective is to select a suitable mount configuration of 50% of smax with compressive deflection under load
on the basis of the target degree of insulation i. and high dynamic loading. As a rule, numerous prod-
ucts can be identified for selection. An equal compres-
sive deflection and the choice of identical mount com-
NOTES ponents for a mass carried by the mounting components
should be sought.
The procedure described below is iterative, in other
words it has to be repeated as often as necessary until
the criterion is satisfied in accordance with the original CALCULATION 3 (→ NOTES)
postulations.
It is recommended to examine the compressive deflec-
tion to be selected, with consideration being given to
CALCULATION 1 (→ STATIC DEFLECTION) the safety factor. This takes into account the increase in
amplitude (→ Diagram 2) of the suspended mass with
In the first step, the desired degree of insulation (step 1) the assistance of the amplification function of a simple
is selected in diagram 3. If the excitation frequency is suspension gradient. The amplification functions can be
known (step 2), then the necessary compressive deflec- derived from relevant vibration control publications. Re-
tion which is required for the desired insulation can be garding handling of the safety factor, numerous details
determined (step 3). For this, a horizontal straight line is are given in the notes.
drawn mentally through the scale of the excitation fre-
quency and at the chosen value through the selected in-
sulation line running diagonally (step 2). Subsequently, CRITERIA
through the intersection which this creates a perpendicu-
lar line is also drawn mentally that forms an intersection The compressive deflection corresponding to the mount
with the scale of the compressive deflection (step 3). reaction should be harmonised with the compressive
This marks the necessary deflection required for the deflection for the desired insulation, while adhering to
desired insulation at the viewed excitation frequency. the safety factor.
The diagram can also be used in a different manner. A certain degree of flexibility is called for in the choice
For example, it allows for examining whether a chosen of i, the degree of insulation, because
mount configuration consequentially has the necessary
insulation at the excitation frequency that occurs. • Geometric dimensions
• Design orientation
• Fitting and installation
CALCULATION 2 (→ MOUNT REACTION/ • Requisite clearances
FORCE) • Necessary oscillation limitations
• Resonance transient
It is recommended to still determine the mount reaction • Vibration insulation in other spatial directions
(force F) based on the load distribution of the weight to • temperature range
be mounted. With this, the static compressive deflection • Media
sin~smax/Fmax*F is determined according to the factors • Other requirements
smax and Fmax of the product selected from the catalog are all points that cannot be ignored.
programme. The static compressive deflection should be
a maximum of 80% of smax with compressive deflection

STATIC COMPRESSIVE DEFLECTION
Based on Diagram 3, the requisite compressive deflec- Step 1 Select the desired degree of insulation
tion can be determined with the help of steps 1 to 3, Step 2 Select the excitation frequency
leading to the desired degree of insulation i. Step 3 Take a reading of the compressive
deflection
10000
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000 99
2800
2000
Excitation frequency [1/min]
1400 95
1
1000 90
900
800 2 85
700 80
600 70
60
500 50
400 0
300
Degree of insulation [%]
200
3
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Static deflection [mm]
Diagram 3 Determining the static compressive deflection depending on the excitation frequency and the desired degree of
insulation

MOUNT REACTION/FORCE
In order to position the weight properly (design require- This will be demonstrated here using the example of
ments play an important role here) it is necessary to a four-point mounting system with an offset centre of
know the mount reaction. gravity.
F1 F2
a FG
b
F4 F3
c d
Fig. 7 Mount pattern (example)
Relationship of mount reactions to the weight force of SPACING OF MOUNT POSITIONS RELATIVE
the mass TO THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY
b d
[4] F1 = FG · _____
  · _____
 
a+b c+d a 100 mm
b 110 mm
Spacing
b c
[5] F2 = FG · _____
  · _____
  c 100 mm
a+b c+d
d 110 mm
  a · _____
c
[6] F3 = FG · _____   F1 1098 N
a+b c+d
F2 998 N
Mount reaction
  a · _____
d
F4 = FG · _____
F3 907 N
[7]  
a+b c+d
F4 998 N
WORKED EXAMPLE Tbl. 2 Mount spacing and mount reactions (forces)
Weight [m] 400 kg
Gravitational acceleration [g] approx.10m/s²
Gravitational force [FG] 4000 N
Tbl. 1 Weight and gravitational force

NOTES
SAFETY FACTOR FOR SELECTION OF PROD- The recommendation applies to the working point. If a
UCTS ON THE BASIS OF COMPRESSIVE component is integrated, then it compresses due to the
DEFLECTION weight of the load.
The point up to which it compresses is called the work-
The following design implementations constantly refer ing point. Retention of the inequality leads to a situation
to the contents of Figure 8. The following relationship where the mounting component is stressed by the force
to additional usage (disregarding the settling) can be path characteristic curve over a virtually linear range.
recommended for the design of the mount configuration The safety factor will be explained in more detail in the
and the selection of the product (see Procedure for following text. As a rule, for the factor S a value of ~2
Component Selection). or larger is recommended. This way, with slight damp-
ing (D = 0,1 and smaller) of the resonance, it is entirely
[8] 0 ≤ smax – sin – S · A possible that superelevations of the oscillation ampli-
tudes of 5 and higher occur (→ Diagram 2). The safety
factor should be selected accordingly.
Tension F Pressure
Progressive
Progressive
range
range
s
Working point
Static load
S one
S max
Diagrammatic presentation
Fig. 8 Working point and oscillation amplitude

Settling of elastomeric components
Tension F Pressure
Settling
Working point
Progressive Static load
range
s
Progression path
Operating area
Quasi-linear range/free path
Fig. 9 Settling of elastomeric components
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING EXAMPLE OF ASPECTS OF MORE COMPLEX

SETTLING OF MOUNTS TERMS OF REFERENCE
The settling of elastomeric components is a phenome- Due to installation space limitations, there is a concrete
non which, under static load, leads to time-dependent, requirement for the settling amount if maximum usage
non-reversible, additional compressive deflection and is and good insulation is to be achieved with mounting
always component-specific and application-related. components.
Simply stated, for many applications a settling amount
of 20% of the compressive deflection can be assumed Step 1
after 3 years. At increased temperatures and especially Definition of a permissible threshold value for settling.
with dynamic loading of the component, this settling
amount can be quickly reached. If necessary, the [9] smax. settling = 0,2 · sin
following points must also be considered: elastomer
compound, load, the resultant load on the elastomer Maximum settling should be 20% of compressive de-
involved, geometry of the elastomer component, ori- flection under static load, after which the mounts will
entation of the component to the static primary load, have to be replaced.
and more.
Step 2
Definition of a maximum permissible compressive de-
flection value under a static load.
[10] sinmax ≤ 0,5 · smax
Empirical data shows that this definition is frequently

acceptance for components subject to highly dynamic
loading.

Step 3 By selecting a correspondingly high damping rate the

Establishment of the static compressive deflection value maximum required compressive deflection sinks, result-
for further consideration. ing in a greater availability of mount components for
the product part. The compressive deflection or upward
[11] sin = 0,5 · smax deflection can effectively be limited by stops.
This value should be arrived at as an optimum compro- Typically, mount components are selected so that the
mise between high insulation and allowance for the lowest excitation frequency is insulated. That does not
settling amount traded off against high utilisation of the generate the requirement for the assessment shown
component's virtually linear spring displacement. here. Reference is made again here to the design imple-
mentations with respect to the conflicting objectives of
vibration control.
Step 4
Definition of an inequality for design and selection of
the mounting components. EXPLANATORY NOTES ON THE SAFETY
FACTOR
[12]
0 ≤ smax – sin – S · A – ssetting max In case of weakly dampened vibration control systems,
0 ≤ smax – sin – S · A – 0,2 · sin large vibration amplitudes can arise close to or at
0 ≤ smax – sin – 0,2 · sin – S · A the natural frequency itself. In order to analyse these
0 ≤ smax – sin · (1–0,2) – S · A systems with forced vibrations (permanent excitations),
a maximum increase of the response amplitudes with
sin   A    
0 ≤ 1 – _____
  (1–0,2) – S ⋅   _____  a specific frequency relationship (point of resonance)
smax  smax
is just as important as the relationship between the
A    
0 ≤ 1 – 0,5 ⋅ (1–0,2) – S ⋅   _____  response amplitudes and the excitation amplitude at the
smax
stationary operating frequency of the exciting system
A    
0 ≤ 1 – 0,4 – S ⋅   _____  (insulation; see previous reference). The amplification
smax
functions are used for this assessment. Refer to the pub-
A    
0 ≤ 0,6 – S ⋅   _____  lications on these. At resonance, the following relation-
smax
ship can be posited.
The inequality [12] presented here for assessment
applies under the following set of postulations: [13] S ≥ Vmax
• Steady-state operation at resonance The excitation amplitude can, for example, be detected
• The oscillatory system can be considered as a by measurement or detailed scrutiny of the exciting sys-
single-mass oscillator
tem already during the design. If a stationary state is no
• A present, yet minor damping longer valid, then the point of resonance will be gone
• Linear spring characteristic curve. through with increasingly rapidity and the amplitudes
are no longer formed in the same resounding manner.
Once the maximum
Less energy is "pumped" into the oscillatory system.
compressive deflection has been determined, a suitable
An increase of the damping also reduces the vibration
component can be selected in the product part.
amplitudes at the point of resonance. Among other
things, this offers the potential to utilise mounts that have
Example:
a smaller smax. This means that smaller mounts can be
The safety factor is selected in accordance with the
selected. According to diagram 2, a certain disadvan-
maximum value of the amplitude increase at the point
tage can arise regarding the insulation at the operating
of resonance and, if excitation amplitudes occur, then
frequency. A compromise depends o the criteria for
it can lead to the following maximum deflection values
selecting the degree of insulation.
corresponding to the inequality [12].

REGARDING LOADS What factors will have to be taken into

account in positioning the machine?
A conflict of objectives that is inherent with many When selecting the mounts (M Mount, Buffer, etc.),
suspension systems is the desire for good insulation attention should be given to oil-resistant elastomers such
at operating frequency and effective limitation of the as NBR. The compressive deflection (also refer to mount
amplitudes resulting from jolting excitations. Neither reaction) of the mount should be identical or virtually
comfort and acoustic expectations should be reduced identical. Here as well, the previously introduced ine-
nor are component movements beyond a specific value quality [8] for determining the compressive deflection
desirable in order to avoid damage, for instance. can be used.
Oscillatory excitations in the horizontal direction should
With oscillatory suspension systems, jolting loads lead be avoided or, in any case, regarded within the context
to vibration excitations at the natural frequency. As a of the design.
result of the singular input of energy, the excited vibra-
tion cannot increase unrestricted over a time period at Any further instructions?
the resonance frequency. However, larger shock-load The stability of the installation is improved by a low
impulses lead to remarkable counter-amplitudes, which centre of gravity and a large, most evenly spaced hori-
can have a negative influence on the comfort and zontal spacing of the mounts to the centre of gravity.
acoustics and cause component damage as well. If necessary, a subframe would be suitable here. The
moistening of the installation location due to lubricating
Mount configurations that have a low stiffness at the oil or grease reduces the stability of the installation po-
working point (compressive deflection through static sition. This plays an even greater role with correspond-
load) and have stops for limiting the amplitudes are ingly greater horizontal oscillatory excitations, possibly
optimum for these demands. This recommendation is di- in interaction with substantial vertical oscillatory excita-
rected towards components that are evaluated against tions and a smooth workshop floor as well. The likeli-
high insulation demands. However, the shock loads hood of a moistening of the mounts can be reduced by
should seldom occur and the maximum operable forces oil pans for the machines in the vicinity.
stated in the product part should not be exceeded.
Height adjusters (M Mount) or comparable solutions
Stops are already provided for or can be made availa- can be used to level the machines. If the final machine
ble for many components. Hydro Bush, Conical Mount, location is certain and the mount configuration has
Tapered Mount and V Mount ought to be cited here as proven reliable, then it can be retained. The design
product examples that are included in the catalogue. should be examined if necessary, also the choice of the
compressive deflection with consideration being given
to the desired degree of insulation, as well as the com-
FOR THE NON-ANCHORED INSTALLATION pressive deflection resulting from the static load. If the
OF MACHINES, UNITS, DEVICES, CABINETS, varied requirements can only be met through compro-
ETC. mise, then the catalog programme can offer another,
more technically optimised offering (V Mount, Machine
A machine is supposed to be installed non-anchored on Mount, etc.).
the workshop floor. After two years, the final location The objective of these suggestions is a stable machine
is supposed to be specified. Due to the presence of installation.
machines in the immediate vicinity, oil moistening on the
floor can not prevented.

ASSEMBLY
Fitting is an essential step before using the vibration When preparing for fitting, it is important to
control-related components. observe that:
Proper execution ensures the functionality and has
a major influence on the service life of the mounting
• The mounting surfaces for threaded connections on
the mounting component, such as on housings, con-
component.
soles and the mass to be carried, are flat and free of
damage and contamination
For a proper fitting, care must be given to
the proper arrangement of components.
• Threaded holes and threaded studs for fastening are
ready, with standard commercial threaded fasteners
Please ensure that:
and nuts
• The radially loaded cylindrical mounts are arranged • Surfaces for a lengthwise pressure seat are not dam-
centred and perpendicular to the equidistant axis of aged and are free of contamination
symmetry • Threads are not damaged and are free of contam-
• Cylindrical mounts whose interior are not positioned ination
in a centred manner and are also loaded radially, • The connection geometries and their connective sur-
are positioned so that the greatest distance from the faces are flat and free of fluids and clinging particles,
axle inner sleeve to the axle outer sleeve is reduced such as burs
throughout the plane by both axles • In the movement space of the mounts, particularly on
• Cylindrical mounts, if possible, absorb the load / the exposed elastomer surfaces, no sharp edges, tips
vibrations over the entire cylindrical geometry or other components non-essential to the function are
• Axially loaded cylindrical mounts are positioned jutting inside
both centric and coaxially to the axis of the main • Mounting components should not be installed closed
load to sources of heat. The mounting components should
• Non-cylindrical mounts with a distinctive axis of sym- not be exposed to any higher-level heat radiation.
metry under axial load are positioned centric and Similarly, with highly dynamically loaded mounts the
coaxial to the to the axis of the main load self-generated heat can accumulate, possibly pre-
• Non-cylindrical mounts with a distinctive axis of sym- venting necessary cooling
metry under radial load are positioned centred and • While preparing for fitting, the mounting component
perpendicular to the axial symmetry. should not be subjected to any loads
• No rough damage occurs during preparation for
fitting of the corrosion protection of the mounting
component.

While carrying out the fitting and applying the Standards

forces, it should be ensured that:
• Ensure that the boreholes for accommodating the
• The fitting force is equally distributed across the con- threaded studs are compliant with DIN EN 20273.
tact surfaces of the force-transmitting components. • It is advisable to use DIN-compliant threaded fasten-
• As regards cylindrical mounts with thin-walled ers and corresponding components for fitting.
metal parts, forces used to press in and on, as well
as press out, are distributed equally over the face Fitting results
surfaces of the precision sleeves.
• Compensation of minor, fitting-related offset or angu-
• The loads are distributed across the entire flange lar offset is possible, depending on the component.
surface intended for the fitting.
• Ensure that the connection geometries
• The forces are applied over large, flat surfaces for are tightened properly in relation to each other after
threaded connections; by using plain washers, for
the static load has been applied.
example.
• The axial main loads are applied equally across Usage, application of force
the entire connection geometries on the connective
surfaces. • The force of impact of the mounting component
• The radial main loads are applied equally across should be introduced in the direction of the main
the entire connection geometries on the connective load.
surfaces.
• Boreholes for the pressing-in of mounting compo- Product environment, housing
nents are provided with a chamfer at the insertion • Care should be taken to ensure that fasteners, brack-
opening, chamfer angle < = 15, chamfer length ets, frames, etc. do not restrict the area of movement
approx. 3 mm (depending on the tolerances of of the mounts.
the bore and the outside diameter of the mounting • Please prevent sharp edges, tips or other compo-
component). nents non-essential to the function from jutting into the
• Studs for the pressing-in of mounts are provided with movement space of the mounts, particularly where
a chamfer at the insertion opening, chamfer angle there are exposed elastomer surfaces.
< = 15, chamfer length approx. 3 mm (depending
on the tolerances of the stud and the inside diameter Corrosion protection
of the mounting component).
• The ends of the threaded fasteners are screwed into • When applying corrosion protection to the elastomer
the threaded hole at least the 1,25 times. component, it must be ensured that it is not heated
any more than what is permissible (see product
• The elastomer component is not heated or cooled
any more than what is permissible (see the product description).
description) while fitting. • Ensure that, when applying corrosion protection, the
elastomer component does not come into contact
• The mounting component is not subjected to any
unintended loads. with any solvents or fluids containing solvents, or any
acidic or base substances.
• No rough damage occurs while fitting the corrosion
protection of the mounting component.
• Friction-reducing fluids are used when joining the
lengthwise pressure seat. Plain machine oil is usually
sufficient. Attention: after fitting, approx. 1 day
should pass before applying load.
• Washers should be used when fastening flanges.

BASIC AND OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ELASTOMER
MATERIALS thermore, EPDM offers outstanding resistance to ozone

and UV and weathering combined with excellent high
The basic characteristics of an elastomer are essentially and low temperature resistance (-50 °C to 130 °C,
determined by the base polymer used. The technical or transient 140 to 150 °C). Compared to NR, EPDM
operational characteristics can, of course, be influenced attains only a low level of firmness. EPDM is also not
within specific limits by a corresponding mixture design resistant to mineral oil or grease.
and adapted to the respective requirements.
HNBR, FKM, …
Given the multiplicity of basic elastomers available and In addition we offer many customer-specific material
the variety of compound orders developed by Freuden- solutions. Thus, for example, we also process HNBR (hy-
berg, it is possible to select the ideal elastomeric mate- dated nitrile rubber) or FKM (fluoro rubber).
rial for virtually any application.
NBR
ACM Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber is a polymerisation made
Vulcanisations made of polyacrylate rubbers (ACM) of butadiene and acrylonitrile. The acrylonitrile (ACN)
exhibit excellent ozone, UV and weather resistance as portion of the material can be between 18% to 50%.
well as excellent resistance to high temperatures. Essen- NBR is used as a standard material especially for miner-
tially, ACM vulcanisations have a significantly higher al oil applications and also suitable for covalent media.
damping than vulcanisations made of NR and NBR With a low ACN content, the material has excellent
along with a comparatively restricted low-temperature low-temperature flexibility (approx. -38 °C), however,
applicability. with reduced oil and fuel resistance. A higher ACN
content provides for optimum oil and fuel resistance, but
AEM at the same time, however, with a lower temperature
By contrast, vulcanisations made of the ethyl- flexibility (approx. -3 °C).
ene-acrylate rubber VAMAC® (AEM) contain ethylene
groups in their polymer even series, which result in an NR
improved suitability for low temperatures combined with Natural rubber (NR) is still the widely used rubber
improved water and glycol resistance. On the other today for vibration control owing to its unsurpassed
hand, they offer no resistance to acids and alkalis and mechanical characteristics over a wide application
only limited resistance to mineral oil. AEM vulcanisa- temperature range (-45 °C to 100 °C). Vulcanisations
tions are also strongly cushioning materials. of NR are distinguished by an exceptionally high
strength class combined with low crack propagation
CR speed (greater tearing propagation resistance), which
Chloroprene rubber (CR) is distinguished from natural derives from a self-reinforcing effect through crystalli-
rubber by a better temperature resistance and good sation upon elongation. In contrast to synthetic rubber,
weather and ozone resistance. this also applies to very soft and even unfilled vulcanis-
CR vulcanisations distinguish themselves by a moderate ations. Its high elasticity is accompanied by a low loss
resistance to grease and oil as well as good nonflam- factor, which only leads to a low self-warming with dy-
mability. On the other hand, CR inferior to NR with namic loading. Its cold temperature characteristics are
regard to damping and regarding suitability for low excellent, the resistance to heat is, however, limited. It
temperatures. can be raised through the optimisation of materials in a
targeted manner, however, up to a peak temperature of
EPDM 100 °C. NR vulcanisations are not resistant to mineral
Ethylene-propylene rubber (EPDM) is the material of oil or grease.
choice if resistance to valent media (e.g. water, water
vapour, watery media and glycol) must be ensured. Fur-

OVERVIEW
Acrylonitrile Ethylene Ethylene

Base Acrylate Chloroprene
Natural rubber butadiene acrylate propylene
elastomer rubber rubber
rubber rubber rubber
Compound
order, NR NBR ACM AEM CR EPDM
code (ISO)
Compound NBR NBR EPDM EPDM

NR 11 NR 39 NR 97 ACM 18 AEM 33 CR 56 CR 57
order 38 68 22 32
Hardness range 35 … 40 … 40 … 45 … 45 … 40 … 40 … 50 … 45 …
50 … 75 55 … 85
(Shore A) 80 75 75 85 85 80 80 80 80
Very Low to Medium Medium Medium

Tensile strength High High High High High High
high medium to high to high to high
Rebound Very Me- Me-

High High Low Low Medium Medium Medium Medium
elasticity high dium dium
Very Me- Me-

Damping Low Low High High Medium Medium Medium Medium
low dium dium
Flexibility when
cold –45 –40 –45 –40 –25 –5 –20 –30 –30 –40 –40
(to °C)
Maximum long-
term safe tem- +60 +90 +90 +80 +90 +120 +120 +100 +100 +130 +120
perature (°C)
Transient
temperature +80 +100 +100 +100 +110 +150 +150 +130 +130 +150 +130
(°C)
Shrinkage be- very very very

Medium Good Good Medium Medium Medium Medium Good
haviour good good good
Aging
Medium Medium Medium very very
and weather Good Good very good Good Good Good
to good to good to good good good
resistance
Mineral oil very very very

Low Low Low Medium Medium Medium Low Low
resistance good good good
Resistance to
diluted acids moder- moder- very
Good Good Good Good Good Low Low Good
and alkalis ate ate good
(low temp.)
very
Water 80 °C Medium Medium Medium Good Good Low Low Medium Medium Good
good
Tbl. 3

Products | Vibration Control
PRODUCTS
Pre-Selection Vibration Control 832
HYDRAULIC DAMPING COMPONENTS RUBBERISED DRIVE WHEELS
Hydro Bush 834 Rubberised Sprockets 892

Hydro Mount DL 836 Belt Pulley with Elastomer Track 893
Hydro Mount VL 839 Decoupled Chain Gear 894
Hydro Mount KL 842 Decoupled Gears 895
ELASTOMER DAMPERS DECOUPLING ELEMENTS
Ultra Bush 845 896

O-Bush 848
Spherical Mount 850
Conical Mount 852
V Mount 854
MO Mount 856
Machine Mount 858
Flat Mount 860
Rails 862
Tapered Mount 864
Double U-Shear Mount 866
Circular Mount 868
Buffer 871
M Mount 873
Instrument Mount 875
O-Shaped Mount 877
Top Mount 879
Spherical Roller Bearing 881
Layered Springs 883
Height Adjusters 885
Rubberised Stop Washer 886
Washers and Centering Washers 888
Pipe Mounting Block 889

Pre-Selection | Vibration Control
PRE-SELECTION VIBRATION CONTROL
Hydro Mount DL
Spherical Mount
Hydro Mount VL
Hydro Mount KL
Machine Mount
Conical Mount
Hydro Bush
MO Mount
Flat Mount
Ultra Bush
V Mount
The table is based on years of s upplier activity
Rails
and is adapted to current knowledge.
Exhaust-air ducts, exhaust pipes, ... B

Electrical/electronic components and
B B
subassemblies
Instruments, devices,
B
displays, ...
Levers, steering gear,
B B
coupling links, ...
Cabs, superstructures, ... B B B B B B B
Radiators B B
Bearings general B B B B B B B B B B B B
Measuring devices B B B B B
Reaction-support links B B B B B B B B
Pumps B B B B B B B B B
Mixers, separators,
B B B B B B B B B
centrifuges, agitators, ...
Stirrers B B B B B B B B B
Screen mounts B
Panels B
Rolling mills B B B B
Maintenance-free articulation B B B
Machine tools B B B B B B B B B B B
Engines, units,
B B B B B B B B B B B
compressors, ...
Subassemblies,
B B B B B B B B B B B
attached devices, ...
Stationary machines
B B B B B B B B B B
and gearboxes, ...
Levelling
Limitation of movements
Hydraulic and pneumatic hoses

B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
Tapered Mount
Double U-Shear
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
Mount
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
Circular Mount
B
B
B
B
B
B
Buffer
B
B
B
B
B
B
M Mount
Pre-Selection | Vibration Control
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
Instrument Mount
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
O-Shaped Mount
B
B
B
B
B
Top Mount
Sperical Roller
B
B
B
B
Bearing
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
Layered Springs
Additional
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
components
© Freudenberg Sealing Technologies GmbH & Co. KG | Technical Manual

O-Bush
Pipe Mounting
B
B
Block
Rubberised Sproc-
B
kets
Belt Pulley with
B
B
Elastomer Track
Decoupled
B
Chain Gear
B
B
Decoupled Gears
Decoupling
B
B
B
B
833
Elements
HYDRO BUSH
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Frequency & amplitude selective damping

• Integrated limitation of the spring displacement
• Allowing twist in all directions
• Easily installed
• RoHS-compliant.
APPLICATION
Suitable for mountings of combustion engines, cabs,

pumps and compressors, mainly in agricultural
Hydro Bush
machines and construction machinery.
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION MATERIAL
Hydro bushes are elastomer springs with integrated Standard material Hardness
hydraulic damping. Natural rubber NR 11 35, 45, 55, 62, 68 Shore A
OPERATING CONDITIONS
Compressive forces in Z direction 1100 N … 4200 N Maximum permissible force
Max. temperature +60 °C, transient +80 °C
Min. temperature –45 °C
They are specifically suited when low frequencies

occur as excitation frequency in the mount system.
They achieve a high damping in the natural frequency
Z range of the system as well as gut isolation properties
above this range. Vibrations in the mount system which
have a sound-conducting or radiating characteristic,
generated primarily through excitation amplitudes
or dynamic forces in the audible frequency range
are significantly reduced. The integrated hydraulic
X mechanism in the bush with the frequency and ampli
tude dependent damping is designed for effect in the
Y Z direction. By matching the damping maximum of
the hydro bush to the critical frequency (resonance
frequency) of the spring-supported mass, the resonance
Primary load directions magnification can be noticeably reduced. For higher

frequencies, the insulating capability of elastomer bond FITTING & INSTALLATION

components can be utilised. The hydro bushes are
designed so that the translatory stiffness increase in the • Hydro bushes have an outside fit and accommodate
order X,Z,Y. The bushes are designed for the primary a threaded fastener on the inside for installation
load in the radial (Z direction) as well as the axial di- • Hydro bushes can be secured with Loctite or other,
rection (X direction) but can also absorb slight cardanic similar adhesive if a press fit is not desired
and torsional deformations. Depending on the design, • Individual components permit slight adjustment
limiters for deflection (labelled as HD) with or without to allow for in-situ offset
reinforcement can be integrated in the Z direction. • Always install hydro bushes centred and at right
angles to the axis of primary radial load and if
possible, utilise the entire cylindrical surface area
DESIGN NOTES of the outer sleeve as the bearing surface
• If possible, utilise the entire cylindrical length of the
The mount configuration comprises an elastomer-metal inner sleeve bore as the bearing surface
composite with load-bearing element in Vee-shape, • Position the bush relative to the weight load in such
stops, fluid chambers and overflow ducts. The compo a way as to reduce the largest distance between the
site is mounted in an outer sleeve and fluid-filled. axis of the inner sleeve to the axis of the outer sleeve
in the place through both axes.
Installation instructions
Loading case I
1/2 FZ 1/2 FZ
Installation direction
FZ (Frame)
Loading case II
Installation direction FZ
1/2 FZ 1/2 F
Z
(Frame) (Frame)
Fitting
R5
Ø100 H9
Rz16
Radiused edge indicates direction for fitting the hydro bush
Fitting & installation instructions: Hydro Bushes

HYDRO MOUNT DL
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Frequency & amplitude selective damping

• Cross-stiffness
• Integrated capability for levelling the load
• HD version for "extra-hard" use
• RoHS-compliant.
APPLICATION
Hydro Mounts DL are suitable for use as mounts for

pumps, compressors and engines in utility vehicles and
Hydro Mount DL
in boats and for vehicle superstructures, particularly
driver's cabs.
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
MATERIAL
The hydro mount, as a hydraulically damping rubber
mount, solved the designer's conflict of how to mount a Standard material Hardness
mass that is excited by wide frequency spectrum. Parti- 40, 45, 50, 55, 60,
cularly if low frequencies – between 5 Hz and 15 Hz Natural rubber NR 11
65 Shore A
– can occur as the excitation frequency, on the one
hand high damping in the natural frequency range of
the system, and on the other, a good isolation property
above this natural frequency (supercritical mounting)
is necessary.

Z 2 000
3618700 HD
3618 029
X
Y 1 500
3618701 HD
3618 028
Force in N
1 000
3618702 HD
Primary load directions 3618 026
500
Hydro Mounts DL are predominantly used in vehicles
of all types. In these applications the related assembly
must be mounted as softly as possible to achieve a
good structure-borne sound isolation. At low frequen- 0
01 23 45 67
cies near the natural frequency of the spring-mass
system engine/engine mounts, such soft mounting re- Spring displacement in mm
sults in inadmissibly high amplitudes at the motor. Hydro Static spring characteristic curve in Z direction
Mounts DL have a soft spring characteristic and thus a
large static deflection.
35
3618700 HD
3618 029
m m
30
3618701 HD
c1 c2 3618 028
25
Loss angle d in degrees
d 3618702 HD
3618 026
d 20
c1
c 1 = load bearing spring 15
c 2 = bulge spring
c2 d = hydraulic
damper 10
m = dimensions
5
Mode of operation
0
The hydraulic mechanism with frequency and amplitude 05 10 15 20
dependent damping integrated in the mount is designed Frequency f in Hz
for effect in the Z direction. By matching the damping
maximum of the mount to the critical frequency (reso- Transient of the loss angle as a function of frequency
nance frequency) of the spring-supported mass, the
resonance magnification can be noticeably reduced.
For higher frequencies, the insulating capability of ela-
stomer bond components can be utilised. These hydro
mounts have a greater flexibility in the Z direction than
in the X,Y direction. Hydro mounts are designed for
primary loading in the axial as well as radial direction
but they can also withstand cardanic deformation. The
longitudinal axis should be selected for the introduction
of the static primary load.

DESIGN NOTES
1 000
3618700 HD The mount configuration comprises a conical mount

3618 029 with integrally moulded/integral expansion bellows
Dynamic spring rate Cdyn in N/mm
800
with threaded stud. The expansion bellows is filled with
3618701 HD a special fluid. A control plate is located between the
3618 028 expansion bellows and the securing plate for s etting of
600
the specific hydraulic damping c haracteristics.
3618702 HD
3618 026
400
FITTING & INSTALLATION
200
• Hydro mounts are designed to be secured by
means of the threaded fastener with securing plate
assembly and the flange of the conical mount
• Individual components permit slight adjustment to
0
05 0 100 150 200 allow for in-situ offset or angular offset
Frequency f in Hz • It is important to ensure that the mating faces of the
frame and the mass carried by the mount are flat
Dynamic spring rate as a function of frequency and smooth
• In particular, the area underneath the flange mount
must be free of sharp edges, burrs and filings, so that
the rubber element can expand on it without risk of
Machine
damage
or cab • Position the mount relative to the static load in such
to be insulated
a way that securing plate and flange are preloaded
relative to each other
• Use HD-rated hydro mounts by preference for ap-
Base plate plications with extra-harsh conditions characterised
by many hard shock loads: fork-lift trucks running on
solid-rubber tyres is a typical example.
Fitting & installation instructions: Hydro Mount DL

HYDRO MOUNT VL
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Broad-band damping at high amplitudes

• Significantly reduced damping at low amplitudes
• Optimised elastomer spring
• Compact
• RoHS-compliant.
APPLICATION
The Hydro Mount VL offers a wide range of possible

applications such as cab and engine mounts, for
Hydro Mount VL
agricultural and construction machinery, industrial
vehicles, forest machinery, communal vehicles, ships
and for mounting superstructures, pumps and compres-
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION sors. It is equally suited for mounting machinery and
systems/units with severe resonance transients.
The mount design, the chosen fluid and the hydraulic
mechanism provide the characteristic wide-band
damping. In cases with remote excitation frequencies in
the lower frequency range, the use of this hydro mount
permits an optimal mounting. By precise reduction of
the fluid chamber stiffness of one of the chambers, a
significantly improved compromise of effective v ibration
reduction and structure-borne sound isolation is achie-
ved as opposed to the hydro mounts without this design.
MATERIAL
Standard material Hardness Special design
Natural rubber NR 11 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 Shore A on enquiry
Axial forces in Z direction 3000 N … 8500 N Maximum permissible force

Fz
Fxy
Primary load directions
The hydraulic mechanism with frequency and amplitude flexibility in the Z direction as in the X,Y direction. The
dependent damping integrated in the mount is designed mount configuration is designed for primary loading
for effect in the Z direction. The effective d
amping in the axial as well as radial direction but it can also
over the wide-band frequency is also present for chan- withstand cardanic deformation. The longitudinal axis
ges to the spring-supported mass. At low excitation should be selected for the introduction of the static
amplitudes, the Hydro Mount VL has a significantly primary load.
reduced damping. Hydro Mounts VL have a greater
Force in Z direction (N)

2500
A* Specific. damping work (Nmm/mm)
12000
55 ShA
2000
10000
65 ShA s = 5 ± 4,0 mm
s = 5 ± 2,0 mm
8000 1500
55 ShA
6000
1000
45 ShA
4000 s = 5 ± 0,5 mm
500
2000 s = 5 ± 0,1 mm
0
0 0 10 20 30 40 50
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Spring displacement (mm) Frequency (Hz)
Force-deflection characteristics, 036 18 704 Specific damping work, 036 18 704; 55 ShA
1200
Dynamic elastic spring rate (N/mm)
s = 5 ± 0,1 mm
55 ShA
1000
800 s = 5 ± 0,5 mm
s = 5 ± 2,0 mm
600
s = 5 ± 4,0 mm
400
200
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Frequency (Hz)
Dynamic spring rate, 036 18 704; 55 ShA

DESIGN NOTES
The mount configuration comprises a conical mount with

outer metal component with rectangular flange and
bore holes. It also contains an inner metal component
with central thread hole to which a washer is attached
which extends into a fluid-filled chamber. This is formed
by the tapered mount and the cup mounted on the
tapered mount. The base of the cup is closed off with
a diaphragm.
• Hydro Mounts VL are designed to be secured by

means of threaded fasteners
allow for in-situ offset
• The flat part of the flange must make full-surface
contact with the supporting structure
• It is important to ensure that the mating face is flat
and smooth, and the same applies to the mating face
of the mass carried by the mount. It is also important
to ensure full-surface contact with the inner metal
part of the mount
• Position the mount relative to the static load in such
a way that the inner metal part of the conical mount
and the flange are preloaded relative to each other.

HYDRO MOUNT KL
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Characteristics can be customised to suit the specific

application
• Frequency and amplitude-selective damping
• Good insulation at low excitation amplitudes
• Optimised elastomer spring
• Two selectable cross-stiffness stages
• Can be used in combination with sturdy tensile stops
• RoHS-compliant.
APPLICATION
Hydro Mount KL
Through the use of the Hydro Mount KL, an efficient,

narrow-band damping effect in a wide frequency
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION range is achieved. This resilient connecting element
thus has wide application for the mounting of cabs,
The new Hydro Mount KL is ideally s uited for mounting superstructures, engines, pumps and compressors.
systems with the h ighest comfort and acoustic demands.
The mount configuration can be individually adjusted to
suit the specific c ustomer application.
MATERIAL
Standard material Hardness
Natural rubber NR 11 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 Shore A

Fz
Fxy
The mount component can be specifically mounted with cation can be noticeably reduced. With small excitation
different components for realising different definable amplitudes (structure-borne noise), these mounts have
characteristics which are primarily based on the addi- a very slight damping. The Hydro Mounts KL have
tional hydraulic damping characteristics to the conical a greater flexibility in the Z direction than in the X, Y
mount characteristics. The integrated hydraulic mecha- direction; The stiffness relationship has two adjustment
nism in the mount with the frequency and amplitude levels. They are designed for the primary loading
dependent damping is designed for effect in the Z in axial and radial direction but can also withstand
direction. By matching the damping maximum of the cardanic deformation. The longitudinal axis should be
mount to the critical frequency (resonance frequency) selected for the introduction of the static primary load.
of the spring-supported mass, the resonance magnifi
9000 9000
Force in Z direction in N
8000 8000 057 18 795

057 18 794
65
7000 7000
6000 6000
5000 5000
65 60
4000 60 4000
55
3000 55 3000
50 50
2000 45 2000 45
40 40
1000 1000
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
Spring displacement in mm Spring displacement in mm
Static spring characteristic curves in Z direction Static spring characteristic curves in Z direction

DESIGN NOTES
Dynamic stiffness [N/mm]
The component consists of conical mount and hydraulic

s = 5 +/–0,5 mm
element filled with a special damping fluid and formed
s = 5 +/–1,0 mm
s = 5 +/–2,0 mm by a cylindrical sheet-steel housing containing a fluid-
s = 5 +/–4,0 mm
tight, roll-shaped diaphragm.
s = 5 +/–0,1 mm

Frequency [Hz]
• Hydro Mounts KL are designed to be secured by
means of the threaded fastener through the core
Dynamic stiffness and in the flange of the mount
allow for axial, radial or angular in-situ offset
• The flat part of the flange must make full-surface
contact with the supporting structure
A* Specific. damping work [Nmm/mm]
s = 5 +/–0,5 mm
• Size the diameter of the bore only a few tenths of
s = 5 +/–1,0 mm a millimetre larger than the diameter of the housing
s = 5 +/–2,0 mm
s = 5 +/–4,0 mm
(108 mm) or as a slight interference fit
s = 5 +/–0,1 mm • Ensure that the mating face is flat and smooth, and
the same applies to the mating face of the mass
carried by the mount. It is also important to ensure
Frequency [Hz] full-surface contact with the inner metal part of the
mount
Specific damping work as a function of frequency a way that the inner metal part of the conical mount
(example, qualitative) and the flange are preloaded relative to each other.
Loss angle [°] (damping)
s = 5 +/–0,5 mm
s = 5 +/–1,0 mm
s = 5 +/–2,0 mm
s = 5 +/–4,0 mm
s = 5 +/–0,1 mm
Frequency [Hz]
Transient of the loss angle as a function of frequency

(example, qualitative)

ULTRA BUSH
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Maintenance-free
• Prevents sound transmission
• Adjustment of manufacturing tolerances
• Usable as a coupling element in drives/powertrains
• Reduced settling under radial load
• Increases load-bearing capability in the radial
direction
• RoHS-compliant.
APPLICATION
Ultra Bush
Ultra bushes have a wide range of possible applica

tions as resilient connecting element. Typical applica-
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION tions are elastic articulations on vibrating machines
or bearing blocks for shafts, axles as well as steering
The ultra bush is a cylindrical bush capable of gears and couplings.
absorbing axial, radial and torsional movements
and cardanic deflections.
MATERIAL
Ethylene-acrylate rubber AEM 23, AEM 33 60 Shore A
Natural rubber NR 11, NR 91, NR 39, NR 97 40, 45, 60, 70 Shore A
Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber NBR 68 60 Shore A
Radial forces 350 N … 460000 N Maximum permissible force
Axial forces 120 N … 60000 N Maximum permissible force
Max. temperature 60 °C, transient +80 °C

Ultra bushes are available in different versions by the

specified article (see article list) which range for appli-
cations up to load ranges of 460 kN. Ultra bushes can
tolerate radial axial, torsional and also slight cardanic
deformation. The recommended primary loading
direction is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and
centred to the longitudinal elongation (radial load).
Fr
When calculating dynamic loading, use values of
sa and sr reduced by approx. 50%.
Radial load
DESIGN NOTES
They are manufactured from an inside and outside

Fa precision metal sleeve which are joined together by
a vulcanised elastomer insert. Ultra bushes have a
pressure "preloaded elastomer" that is produced by
permanently reducing the outside diameter of the outer
sleeve and increasing the inside diameter of the inner
sleeve through plastic deformation of the metal parts.
Axial load
This increases the service life considerably.
• Ultra bushes are designed for inner and outer

press fitting
• Individual components permit slight adjustment
to allow for in-situ planar or angular offset
• If possible, ensure that the entire
cylindrical surface area of the sleeves is utilised
Torsional load as load-bearing contact surface
• Always apply installation and removal press-fit forces
uniformly to the end faces of the precision sleeves.
Cardanic deflection

Body DIN 912 cap screw Body
Ultra bush
Shaft
Ultra bush
Body DIN 472 circlip

Lever
Ultra bush
Fitting & installation instructions: Ultra Bushes

O-BUSH
MATERIAL
Natural rubber
50, 60, 70 Shore A
NR 11, NR 13
Acrylonitrile-butadiene
50, 60, 70 Shore A
rubber NBR 68
Chloroprene rubber CR 57 50, 60, 70 Shore A
O-Bush
O-bushes have different stiffness in axial and radial
direction. In the radial direction the stiffness is many
times that of the axial direction. The primary load
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION direction is recommended to be perpendicular to
the longitudinal axis and central to the longitudinal
O-bushes receive forces in the radial direction. They extension.
isolate and compensate for tolerances of the stud.
Radial deflection of the mass carried by the mount
is also limited. DESIGN NOTES
The O-bush with central through-bore consists of a pipe

PRODUCT ADVANTAGES section with an elastomer pad vulcanised to its inner
sheath. It can be designed in an axial and a radial
• Low weight direction. During assembly the elastomer pad is com-
• Low space requirements pressed radially. This makes the O-bush self-holding,
• Independent centring forms the friction connection between the elastomer pad
• Tolerance compensation and the stud and increases the service life. The radial
• RoHS-compliant. stiffness depends on the size of the cover. Only slight
forces should be applied in the axial direction.
APPLICATION
The O-bushes are particularly suitable as a resilient

connecting element for mounting auxiliary units,
electronic components, small units, pumps and
compressors in mobile and stationary applications.

• O-bushes are prepared externally for installation

in a locating bore with press fitting
• The internal dimensions are designed for press-in
of a stud with cover
• A slight axial offset required by the installation is
possible depending on the component
uniformly to the end faces of the pipe section.
ØD
Ød
Dimensional drawing of O-Bush

SPHERICAL MOUNT
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Maintenance-free articulation
• Reduced settling under radial load
• Increased cardanic loading
• Allowing twist in all directions
• RoHS-compliant.
APPLICATION
Spherical mounts are ideal vibration-control compo

nents for articulations that are subjected to twisting in all
Spherical Mount
directions. The mounts are primarily used in bearings,
brake levers and steering gears in buses and trucks as
well as in reaction-support links in industrial applicati-
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ons.
Spherical mounts, as the name suggests, are spherical

bushes capable of absorbing axial, radial and torsional
movements and cardanic deflections.
MATERIAL
Natural rubber NR 11, NR 13 50, 60, 65, 70 Shore A
Max. temperature up to + 60 °C, transient up to +80 °C


Fr
• As a rule, spherical mounts are d esigned for press
fitting of the outer
metal part and have a threaded fastener on the inner
metal part
Fa • Alternatively, the inner metal ball can be designed to
push onto a stud for preloading against a collar or
for press-fitting on a stud
allow for in-situ planar or angular offset
• If possible, utilise the entire cylindricalsurface of
the outer sleeve as the b earing surface for spherical
mounts
Spherical mounts are generally stiffer in the radial
• If the inner stud has threaded ends, ensure full-sur-
face contact of the flats in the threaded fastener
direction than in the axial direction and permit angular
deflections of 4°–9° for all three spatial axes.
• If the inner sleeve is thin, if possible, utilise the entire
cylindrical inner face of the inner-sleeve bore as the
bearing surface of the spherical mount
DESIGN NOTES
uniformly to the end faces of the precision sleeves.
This component consists of an inner ball and an outer
spherical shell; the joining element is a vulcanised
elastomer insert between ball and shell.
Spherical mounts have a preloaded rubber element,
so, as is the case with Ultra Bushes, the mount can be
calibrated (see the description of Ultra Bushes) for
extended durability.

CONICAL MOUNT
king). Conical mounts are delivered without washers as

standard. The suitable washers and stops can be found
in the section on Washers and Centering W ashers as
well as in Rubberised Stop Washers.
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Long service life

• Optimum settling
• Auto-centring under axial load
• RoHS-compliant.
Conical Mount
APPLICATION
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Conical mounts are ideal, resilient connecting elements

for mounting engines, driven machinery and super
Conical mounts damp vertical vibrations, isolate against structures for both stationary operation and in vehicles
structure-borne noise and can simultaneously accept lar- and ships.
ge horizontal forces (e.g. deceleration forces under bra-
MATERIAL
Natural rubber NR 11, NR 39 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 76, 80 Shore A
Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber NBR 68 55, 65, 70 Shore A
Ethylene-acrylate rubber AEM 33 55, 60 Shore A
Max. temperature up to 60 °C,

transient up to +80 °C
Min. temperature up to –45 °C

DESIGN NOTES
Z The mount configuration is manufactured from an inner

and outer metal part. The outer metal part has a multi-
hole flange and the inner metal part has a through-hole
with or without a thread or a tapped blind hole. Both
X tapered metal parts are connected in tapered parallel
orientation by an elastomer insert.
Y
• The conical mounts are designed to be secured
Properly positioned conical mounts for mounting engi- by means of threaded fasteners
nes lightly cushions the torque which reduces the vibra- • Individual components permit slight adjustment to
tions introduced into the anchorages and thus contri allow for in-situ offset
butes to a better running smoothness. The weight should • It is important to ensure that the mating faces of the
primarily be absorbed in the longitudinal axis (+Z). frame and the mass carried by the mount are flat
The range of conical mounts offers a large number of and smooth
different designs for the optimal solution of all concei- • Ensure that the underside of the flange is in full-
vable application/installation cases. Tear-off or separa- surface contact with the mating face of the frame
tion protection is also thus possible. anchorage
a way that the inner metal part and the flange are
preloaded relative to each other
• Avoid tensile loads or use the stop and centering
washers to limit these loads (see the section on stop
washers).
Machine or cab
Machine or cab to be insulated
to be insulated
Frame or flange
Frame or flange
Secured by threaded fasteners in base Secured by threaded fasteners in flange

V MOUNT
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Chrome-free galvanisation for optimum corrosion

protection
• Easy fitting
• Maintenance-free
• Good insulation even at low interference frequencies
• RoHS-compliant.
APPLICATION
The range of possible applications for V mounts inclu-

V Mount
des internal combustion engines, electric motors, pumps,
compressors and tool machines. V mounts are also used
for maritime engineering. There are versions with type
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION approval from Lloyds Register of Shipping available.
V mounts are ideal for a multiplicity of applications in

vibration control and structure-borne sound insulation.
MATERIAL
Natural rubber NR 11 40, 45, 50, 60, 65 Shore A
Max. temperature up to 60 °C, transient up to +80 °C
Min. temperature up to –45 °C

DESIGN NOTES
Z
Y V mounts comprise a flat, cylindrical metal cap with
threaded insert and a base plate with rectangular
X flange and through-holes. Both metal parts are aligned
parallel on top of each other and joined with a vulca-
nised elastomer insert.

V mounts feature a robust compressive-deflection stop
in the vertical direction (Z direction). The same high • V mounts are designed to be secured by means of
threaded fasteners
stiffness in both horizontal directions (X,Y) prevents
a "floating", i.e. a lateral deflection of the vibration- • Individual components permit slight adjustment to
insulated driven machinery, the machine or the engine.
Versions with built-in tensile stops are also offered which • It is important to ensure that the mating faces of the
limit the limit rebound in (–Z) direction. All V mounts are
and smooth
limited in their radial spring displacement at the same
time. The bell-shaped designed top section of the mount • Position the mount relative to the static load in such
a way that the cap and the flange are preloaded
protects against too strong a compressive deflection
relative to each other.
and dripping media (e.g. oil). When subjected to ex-
treme overload a positive lock forms between the top
and bottom section of the mount. The progressive spring
characteristic and a thin rubber layer on the stop collar
of the bottom section prevents a hard metal impact.
The primary load direction (+Z) is perpendicular to the
planes of attachment centred to the cap.

MO MOUNT
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
MO mounts are suitable for use as r esilient connecting

elements.
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Dependable limitation of radial deflection

• Compact
• Good insulating capability in the longitudinal
direction
MO Mount 753 • RoHS-compliant.
APPLICATION
The range of possible applications for MO mounts

is wide, extending from applications with driven
machinery, PTOs and radiators up to small cabs for
vehicles, and also including attachments for exhaust-
air ducts and exhaust pipes in maritime engineering.
MATERIAL

MO Mount 754 Chlorine-butadiene rubber 42, 45, 50, 55, 60, 64,
CR 57 75 Shore A
MO Mount 755

OPERATING CONDITIONS FITTING & INSTALLATION
Radial forces
1000 N … Maximum • MO mounts are designed to accommodate a
2800 N permissible force threaded fastener inserted through the central
1800 N … Maximum
borehole
Axial forces
2400 N permissible force • Individual components permit slight adjustment
to allow for in-situ offset
Max. +100 °C,
temperature transient +130 °C • Combine the mount with a tubular spacer if
tightening torques are high
Min.
temperature
–30 °C • Depending on the quality of the material selected,
threaded-fasteners of at least one strength class
MO mounts feature equal stiffness in the horizontal higher can be used
directions (X,Y). These mounts have a greater flexibility • Select a tubular spacer with an outside diameter
in the Z direction which leads to a correspondingly allowing slight play for the inside diameter d1 of
higher isolation. The limitation of the spring displace- the MO mount
ments in the radial direction generally appear more • Select the through-hole of the tubular spacer to
than in the axial direction. The longitudinal axis is accommodate the securing screw according to
recommended as the primary load direction. DIN EN 20273
• The surfaces for force transfer to the threaded
fastener by the elastomer part should be large
DESIGN NOTES and flat
• Position MO mounts such that the rubber-metal part
The MO mount with central borehole comprises an bolts directly to the component to be insulated
elastomer body and a vulcanised elastomer metal • Install the elastomer-only part with a washer
part. These parts attached to each other create an (see the section on washers and centering washers
annular clamping groove. This mount configuration is for details of the washer)
expandable through layers or spatially corresponding • Make sure that the edges of bore SD are chamfered,
limiter components for the axial spring displacement or preferably radiused, at both ends
which leads to a progressive spring characteristic curve • MO mounts with steel reinforcement (Type 3) require
and serves as tear-off protection at the same time. this radiusing only at the rubber-only end.
Z Washer
Axial Machine or Z
M cab to be Axial
isolated XY Radial
H
R T
XY Radial Machine or
H cab to be
R isolated
T
Washer SD
SD
Fitting & installation instructions: MO Mount with load directions

MACHINE MOUNT
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Elastomer spring elements are replaceable and

the metal connecting components are reusable
• Spring elements are protected against random
damage and direct oil splashes
• Reduced settling in the Z direction
• RoHS-compliant.
APPLICATION
Machine mounts are particularly suitable for mounting

Machine Mount
heavy machines, compressors, engines, etc. They
enable machine- and unit-generated vibrations intro
duced into the foundation or the enclosing building to
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION be reduced by a significant margin.
The special shape of the machine mount protects the

built-in flat mount against mechanical damage and oil
attack.
MATERIAL

DESIGN NOTES
Z
The machine mount comprises a rectangular cap and
two metal parts with equally angled side faces and
flange. Flat mounts are screwed in between the two
stacked metal parts.Both metal parts are provided with
through-holes or threaded holes.
X Y

• Machine mounts are designed to be anchored
by threaded fasteners
The combined compression and shear loading of the
flat mounts fitted provides a long service life and good • Individual components permit slight adjustment
vibration insulation, even at lower interference frequen-
cies (i.e. lower rotational speed). The mount is easily • It is important to ensure that the mating faces
of the frame and the mass carried by the mount
attached to the foundation and the machine using the
are flat and smooth
standard boreholes and threads. Anchoring to the
foundation and the machine permits the application of • Position the mount relative to the static load in
such a way that the cap and the flange are
compressive loads (Z direction) to the mount as well
preloaded relative to each other.
as shear loads (X & Y direction). The primary load
direction is perpendicular to the planes of attachment,
centred to the cap.

FLAT MOUNT
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Easily integrated into assemblies

• Spring characteristics can be widely adapted
to the construction
• RoHS-compliant.
APPLICATION
Used as mounts for machines, engines or subassemblies

in mechanical-engineering and automotive applications.
Flat Mount
MATERIAL
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Flat mounts are mount configurations for custom
45, 50, 55, 60, 65,
applications. Natural rubber NR 11
70 Shore A
Shear forces X,Y direction 440 N … 7500 N Maximum permissible force
Depending on the installation conditions or required

degree of vibration insulation, compressive loads
(Z direction), shear loads (X, Y direction) or combined
Z compressive/shear loads (mount tilted by a specific
X,Y angle) can be applied to flat mounts. The mounts
achieve an optimal utilisation and thus also the highest
dynamic load with a compressive/shear loading.
The loading is dependent on the surface area of the
rubber, shape, thickness of the pad and hardness of
the rubber. The static loading and the dynamic forces
and deflection must be taken into account for conti-
nuous use. Flat mounts have different stiffness in the
Primary load directions shear direction (X,Y) and compressive direction (Z) in

ependence on the width, length and thickness and

d
their total number in the mount component. The effective
stiffness of the mounts can be varied by turning of the
mount to the static load. The primary load direction can
be absorbed perpendicular to or at an angle to the
attachment levels.
DESIGN NOTES
Flat mounts consist of parallel metal plates paralleled

one on top of the other and separated by vulcanised
elastomer pads.
• Flat mounts are designed to be secured by means

of threaded fasteners
• It is important to ensure that the mating faces of the
and smooth
• It is also important to ensure full-surface contact
between the outer metal plates and the frame and
the mass carried by the mounts
a way that the cap and the flange are preloaded
relative to each other.

RAILS
MATERIAL
Natural rubber 57 Shore A
Length of rail in mm 25 … 2000
A-A s
Rails
H
s
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
D
A A
Rails are often used when space is at a premium or
if loads are too high to p
ermit the use of buffers. L

PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
The rails are available in 2000 mm lengths. You must
• Mount can be customised ensure that the length is not shorter that the section
• Rails have the flexibility to be adapted to the load width. Approximately 10% of the rubber height "h"
• Universal can be pressed together under static load.
• RoHS-compliant.
DESIGN NOTES
APPLICATION
The component consists of two metal parts separated by
Rails from FST are suitable for mounting the most heavy a vulcanised elastomer pad.
machines, plants, units and foundations. They are sui-
table for a wide range of possible application for moun-
ting ships engines, large stationary engines, heavy-duty
lathes, hoists for lifts as well as vibratory machines of
all kinds.

• Rails can be drilled and chased on site to accommo-

date threaded fasteners
• Rails can also be installed without threaded fasteners
if compressive-load deflection is significantly greater
than maximum amplitude.
F Pressure
Isolated mass
F Shear
Rail
Base plate
Fitting: Individually screwed
F Pressure
Isolated mass
F Shear
Rail
Base plate
Fitting: With mould closing or bonded
Fitting & installation: rails with load directions

TAPERED MOUNT
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Robust
• Slight settling on compressive d eflection
in the Z direction
• Effective limitation of compressive and rebound
deflection
• Limitation of horizontal spring d isplacement
• Narrow, ideal for mounting on steel sections
• RoHS-compliant.
APPLICATION
Tapered Mount
Tapered mounts can be utilised for agricultural and

construction machinery. They are also suited for
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION mounting generators of ships' engines.
Tapered mounts are used primarily to carry light,

medium and heavy engines for mobile and stationary
applications.
MATERIAL

DESIGN NOTES
Fz
The tapered mount comprises an outer omega-shaped
bracket with flange and through-hole. An inner metal
part with threaded hole partially plunges through a
borehole of the bracket. Elastomer pads are vulcanised
between both metal parts in Vee shape.
Fx
Fy
• Tapered mounts are designed to be secured
by means of threaded fasteners
• Avoid non-load-dependent offset of the inner
metal part relative to the flange
Tapered mounts have limiters for deflection in all spatial
directions whereby the deflection in the Z direction is
especially robust. In compressive-deflection direction
Z, the mount also has a "soft" end stop. The stiffness
• It is important to ensure that the mating faces
of the frame and the mass c arried by the mount
depend primarily on the thickness, length, height and
are paralleled, flat and smooth.
the wedge angle to the Z axis. Through the use of
intermediate metal sheets, the Z stiffness, for example,
is at least doubled for the same operating environment.
The primary static load should be perpendicular to the
planes of attachment.

DOUBLE U-SHEAR MOUNT
MATERIAL
Natural rubber NR 11 45, 50, 60, 70 Shore A
120 N … Maximum
Shear Fz/Fy
2000 N permissible force
Max. tempe- +60 °C,

Double U-Shear Mount rature transient +80 °C
Min. tempe-
–45 °C
rature
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Double U-shear mounts are especially suited for z

isolation tasks. These mounts have an especially simple
design and a high ease of installation.
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Good insulating capability in the Z direction x y

• Effective limitation of shock loads in the
compressive-deflection direction
• Virtually no progression
• Linear characteristic Primary load directions
• RoHS-compliant.
They are designed so that the stiffness to resist shear
increases in the order Y, Z, X. Depending on the
APPLICATION type, they limit strong shock loads in the compressive-
deflection direction (+Z). The effective stiffness can be
Double U-shear mounts are used to mount instruments, adjusted by turning the mount on the static load
units, pumps, compactors and compressors. They are (Z axis). Select the primary load direction +Z so that
equally suitable for the decoupling of exhaust-air ducts it is perpendicular to the planes of attachment.
because of their ability to compensate for structure-
borne sound and thermal expansion.

DESIGN NOTES
A mount of this type consists of two dovetailed U-shaped

steel channel sections held together by elastomer pads.
• Double U-shear mounts have threads to

accommodate grooves.
• Avoid non-load-dependent offset of the U-shaped
channel sections relative to each other
to allow for in-situ planar or angular offset
• It is important to ensure full-surface contact between
the mating faces of the U-shaped channel sections
and the frame on the one hand and the s upported
mass on the other.

CIRCULAR MOUNT
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Uniform stiffness in the radial direction

• Easily installed hexagon version available
• RoHS-compliant.
APPLICATION
Circular mounts are used to carry driven machinery,

engines, compressors, pumps, test machines, and so on.
Circular Mount
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Circular mounts are widely used components for adjust-

ment of tension and manufacturing tolerances.
The also function as protection against shock loading.
MATERIAL
Ethylene-acrylate rubber AEM 23, AEM 33 60 Shore A
Chloroprene rubber CR 56, CR 57 45, 60 Shore A

Fz
Z
Pressure
X, Y Fx
Shear
Compressive and shear loading
Primary load directions Fz
Circular mounts have a uniform stiffness in the shear

directions X,Y. The compressive load stiffness Fmax in the
Z direction has, depending on the component, approx.
1 to 10 times the value of the stiffness in the shear
directions. The primary load direction corresponds
to the shear load X,Y since this is where the greatest
isolation is to be achieved.
DESIGN NOTES
The circular mount comprises two round or square me-

tal discs joined by a vulcanised rubber layer. The metal Compressive loading
discs can each have a threaded stud or threaded nut.
The circular mounts are available with cylindrical con-
tour as well as with constricted-body elastomer contour. Fz
Mounts with constricted-body contour can be specially
designed with an elongation of ~10% for high dynamic
loads in the horizontal direction. The constricted design
provides for significantly higher durability with high
dynamic loading with otherwise equal compressive
deflection.
Shear loading

• Circular mounts are designed to be anchored

• Avoid non-load-dependent offset of the metal plates
relative to each other
• The form of the boreholes to accommodate the
threaded studs or securing screws must be compliant
with DIN EN 20273
• The securing plates must be in full-surface contact
with the mating faces
and smooth
• When installing a mount that combines a circular
securing plate at one end with a hexagonal plate at
the other, always tighten the fastener for the c ircular
plate first
• Minimum strength class for screws/nuts is 4.6.

BUFFER
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Effective buffering and damping of shock loads

• RoHS-compliant.
APPLICATION
Buffers are particularly suited as resilient deflection

limiters and for buffering shock loads with mobile and
non mobile driven machinery, machines and as stops
in general.
Buffer
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Buffers feature a very robust design. The wide selection

of sizes allows for a universal use.
MATERIAL
Buffers with constricted body contour are specifically designed for high dynamic loads. The cone-shaped buffer
design (observed in the longitudinal section) achieves a "softer" transient of the characteristic curve compared to
cylindrical designs. The constricted design for circular buffers leads to significantly higher service life with otherwise
equal deflection. Circular buffers that contact a flat surface can generate noise on impact. Cone buffers dramati
cally reduce these noise levels.

DESIGN NOTES
The buffers consist of an elastomer body with an end

face to which a metal plate with threaded stud/nut is
vulcanised. The elastomer body is available in cone-
shaped, in cylindrical form as well as with constricted-
body elastomer contour.
• Buffers are designed to be secured by means of

threaded fasteners
• Ensure that the metal plate is in full-surface contact
with the mating face
• It is important to ensure that the
mating face of the frame and the stop flat of the
buffered mass are flat and smooth
threaded studs must be compliant with
DIN EN 20273
• Align the centreline of the buffer c oaxially with the
direction of impact
• Do not permit torque to act through the rubber
element.

M MOUNT
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Oil-resistant elastomer material

• Non-anchored installation
• Reduced transmission of structure-borne noise
• Good insulating capability
• Built-in capability for levelling the load
• RoHS-compliant.
APPLICATION
M Mount M mounts are used for non-anchored installation and

heavy driven machinery. They feature the capacity for
levelling of the attached machine and provide v ibration
insulation.
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
M mounts combine a low-line compact design with

good insulation capabilities and the possibility of
levelling load.
MATERIAL
Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber NBR 68 45, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 85 Shore A

DESIGN NOTES
Z
Pressure The mounts consist of two metal parts that are joined
by a vulcanised elastomer pad. An adjusting screw
allows for levelling of the attached machine. The special
mixture of nitrile-rubber (Perbunan) used for the M
Mount is oil-resistant.
X,Y
Shear
• M mounts have an adjusting screw for securing them

to the mass they carry, and are designed to sit on the
supporting surface without being anchored
• Ensure that the mating face of the mass carried by
M mounts feature an increasing stiffness over the the mount is parallel with the supporting surface,
compressive deflection in the Z direction. Through and make sure that the supporting surface is level
no anchoring in the foundation or frame, no shear and smooth
forces should be transferred. The weight is absorbed • The nut is for securing the leg of the machine
in the longitudinal axis. M mounts made from stainless to the mount
steel and special rubber compounds can be supplied • This arrangement means that the weight of the
on enquiry for special application cases (e.g. food machine does not impose a load on the nut in the
processing or chemical industries and shipbuilding). bowl of the mount
• Do not under any circumstances a ttempt to sandwich
the leg of the m achine between two nuts
threaded studs or securing screws must be compliant
with DIN EN 20273
frame anchorage and the mass carried by the mount
are flat and smooth
• M mounts can also be installed without threaded
fasteners if compressive-load deflection is
significantly greater than maximum amplitude.

INSTRUMENT MOUNT
APPLICATION
Instrument mounts are utilised for vibration insulation of

electronic components, measuring devices and precise
mechanical apparatuses and for instrument panels or
control panels in industrial applications. A common
requirement of these mounts is that they keep vibrations
or shock loads introduced via the anchorages away
from the instrument or device. The mounts help to
protect sensitive instruments from external shock loads
in mobile and non mobile use Another possible use is
insulation against structure-borne sound, for example
in small electric engines or pumps that have to be
Instrument Mount
mounted on "resonators" (sheet metal).
The mounts protect sensitive instruments against impact Standard material Hardness
and dynamic excitation.
Natural rubber NR 11 40, 50, 60 Shore A
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Compact Axial forces 80 N … 260 N
Maximum
• Easily installed permissible force
• Uniform stiffness in the radial directions Max. +60 °C,
• RoHS-compliant. temperature transient +80 °C
Min.
–45 °C
temperature

M4 max.
Z Ø 6,4 -0,1
X, Y
2 19,2 -0,2
SW 19
Ø 27,8
Primary load directions Installation diagram with stud SW19
Instrument mounts are generally designed with the same

stiffness in all translatory deformation directions.
The limitation of the spring displacements in the radial
direction generally appear more than in the axial
direction. The static load of the weight should primarily
be absorbed in the longitudinal axis.
DESIGN NOTES
The instrument mount comprises a carrier washer with

connected or vulcanised elastomer body with central
through-hole. Through-holes are attached outside in the
flange of the carrier washer. A stiffening metal part can
be vulcanised into the middle of the elastomer body.
• Instrument mounts are designed to be anchored

• Slight, non-load-related, installation-related offset of
the central securing screw relative to the flange is
permissible. The same applies to slight angular offset
• Locate instrument mounts in line with the axis of the
static primary load
• Make sure that the cut-out to be occupied by
the elastomer body is free of burrs and at least
1/10 mm larger than the outside diameter of the
elastomer part
• Allow for the requisite spring displacement when
selecting the length of the central screw and sizing
the cut-out to accommodate the mount
• When securing the flange use washers and make
sure that a large, flat and smooth surface is avai-
lable for force transferral from threaded fastener to
elastomer part.

O-SHAPED MOUNT
MATERIAL
Acrylonitrile-butadiene
60 Shore A
rubber NBR 68
Ethylene-propylene rubber
60 Shore A
EPDM 22
O-Shaped Mount
Maximum
Axial forces 20 N … 215 N
permissible force
up to +60 °C
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Max. transient
temperature up to +80 °C
O-shaped mount shave a very soft spring characteristic for NR 11
and are therefore commonly referred to as low- Min. –45 °C
frequency mounts. temperature for NR 11
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES Z
X
• Compact
• Deformable in various planes
• RoHS-compliant.
Y
APPLICATION
O-shaped mounts are of a design that enables good

vibration insulation for the loads that typically occur in
instrumentation and control applications.
The spring characteristic of the O-shaped mount

increases in the order X,Y and Z, whereby depending
on the orientation, an optimal vibration insulation
can be achieved. The primary load direction is the
ongitudinal axis of the threaded studs (Z direction).

DESIGN NOTES
The component consists of a ring-shaped elastomer 120
body with each flat vulcanised to securing plates with 60
screws.
100
80
• Individual components permit slight adjustment 60

to allow for in-situ offset 45
• The form of the boreholes to accommodate 40
the threaded studs must be compliant with
DIN EN 20273
20 40
• The securing plates must be in full-surface contact
with the mating faces.
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Force in Z direction
Spring displacement in mm
70 60
Spring characteristic O-Shaped Mount 055 18 002
60
50 Force in Z direction in N
240
40
60
30 200
45
20 40
160
10
120
0 45
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
80
40
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

TOP MOUNT
Transverse
10500 N … Maximum
forces in
25300 N permissible force
Z direction
Max. +60 °C,

temperature transient +80 °C
Min.
–45 °C
temperature
F radial
Top Mount
F axial
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Top mounts can permit radial, axial and angular

movements.
unbraced to 40 mm
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
Fitting & installation instructions: Top Mount with load directions
• Good insulating capability in the Z direction
• Easily installed The mount configurations feature the same stiffness in
• Spacing can be varied to suit the application the radial directions (X and Y direction). The ratio of
• RoHS-compliant. stiffness in the radial direction and in the axial direction
varies in considerable dependence to the tapered ang-
le. Top mounts are designed for primary loading in the
APPLICATION radial as well as axial directions. They are designed for
pairwise use, aligned facing each other with defined
Top mounts are particularly suitable for connecting a axial preloading. Support mounts can permit and limit
dynamically loaded subassembly such as an engine or radial, axial and angular movements. The primary load
gearbox to a fixed assembly such as a frame. direction should be absorbed in the longitudinal axis
or perpendicular to it.
MATERIAL

DESIGN NOTES
A top mount consists of two tapering tubular

components held together by a rubber layer.
• Top mounts are designed to be s ecured by

means of fits
• Always install top mounts centred and at right angles
to the axis of p
rimary radial loading and utilise the
entire cylindrical surface area on both the inside and
the outside as the b earing surfaces
• Position the mounts in counteracting pairs, positioned
in such a way that the inner and outer metal parts of
the top mounts are preloaded relative to each other
• The elasticity of the material permits offset to be
compensated in all d irections.

SPHERICAL ROLLER BEARING
MATERIAL
Axial forces 9000 N … 20000 N
Max. temperature 60 °C, transient +80 °C
Spherical Roller Bearing Min. temperature –45 °C
Spherical roller bearings have different stiffness in axial

and radial direction. In the axial direction the stiffness
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION is many times that of the radial direction. The primary
load direction is recommended to be in the longitudinal
Spherical roller bearings are ideal for their vertical loa- axis and central to the installation area.
ding and insulation against low-amplitude vibrations.
DESIGN NOTES
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
A key feature of the spherical roller bearings is the
• Parallel fastening surfaces generally cylindrical to convex shape with central
• Installation with standard screws through-bore in the elastomer body. There is a metal
• Prepared for heat dissipation plate with a central thread on one side on the front
• Low proportion of metal side, which is vulcanised to the elastomer body. On the
• RoHS-compliant. opposite front side there are several nuts vulcanised into
the elastomer. The cylindrical to convex shape should
be taken into account in the design of the consoles.
APPLICATION This mount should only be used with axial preloading.
Note that only small radial deflections are permitted.
Masses that experience or themselves cause minor
vibration amplitudes according to deflection can be
mounted on spherical roller bearings. This makes this
mount configuration suitable for selected engines,
compressors, units, mounting equipment and also heavy
duty switch cabinets, control systems, stationary c ontrol
panels, measurement equipment.

• Rubber mounts are designed to be fitted vertically

• A sufficient radial spacing to the console components
is required
• The installation areas must be free of fluids. There
must be no metal shavings or sharp edges in the
vicinity of the installation areas
• It is beneficial to ventilate the central bore in the
elastomer body
• Radial or angular offset of the fastening areas
caused by installation should be prevented
• Uniform screw tightness is required.
Fz
Fy
Fx
Primary load direction

LAYERED SPRINGS
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Good insulating capability in the r adial direction

• Compressively stiff in the axial direction
• RoHS-compliant.
APPLICATION
Layered springs are resilient mounts suitable for

use as bearers for subassemblies such as engines
or gearboxes.
Layered Springs
MATERIAL
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Layered springs are specifically used for the decoupling
Natural rubber NR 11 40, 50, 60, 70 Shore A
of horizontal vibrations. These mounts remain very stiff
at the same time. Natural rubber NR 39, 97 60 Shore A
Chloroprene rubber CR 57 60 Shore A
Transverse forces in Z direction 29000 N … 800000 N Maximum permissible force
Max. temperature +100 °C

DESIGN NOTES
Fa
The layered spring comprises at least two metal
components arranged in parallel on top of one
anotherwhich are firmly attached to elastomer inserts
located between them through vulcanisation. Layered
Fr Springs are designed as bearings but they can also be
arranged angled to the vertical primary load.
Layered springs have the same stiffness in the radial

allow for in-situ planar or angular offset
directions (X and Y direction) and are especially stiff
in the vertical direction (Z direction). The effective
• Layered springs are generally installed in axial
alignment with the primary load. Utilise the entire
stiffnesses can be varied by turning of the mount to
flat surface areas of the other metal parts as bearing
the static load. L ayered springs are designed for the
surfaces and apply the load uniformly
primary load in the axial and radial direction but can
also be loaded angled to the vertical primary load.
• Install the mount so that the outer metal parts of the
layered springs are preloaded relative to each other
The weight should be absorbed in the longitudinal axis
for this.
• When installing angled to the vertical primary
load, it is important to ensure sufficient lateral
mould closing – full-surface attachment of the outer
metal parts. Ensure that the outer metal parts are
preloaded relative to each other.

HEIGHT ADJUSTERS
MATERIAL
Standard material Special design
Steel grade 5.8 on enquiry
Thread diameter stud M12, M16, M20, M24
The levelling elements, depending on d esign, are

Height Adjusters suitable for flanges with heights corresponding to the
thread diameter and larger. The weight should be
absorbed in the longitudinal axis.
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
DESIGN NOTES
Height adjusters can have an added beneficial effect
on the usability of v arious components. The height adjuster is an additional component for
individual height adjustment to the customer applica
tion. It comprises a threaded stud with a spacer nut,
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES two additional nuts and a washer.
• Robust
• Easily installed FITTING & INSTALLATION
• Optional
• RoHS-compliant • Screw the threaded end without nut of the height
• For optimal threaded connections, all components adjuster into the m
ating component a distance equal
are corrosion-resistant according to EN 12476 Fe/ to 1,25 times the thread diameter or more
Zn 6-10 ph/r/3. • Position the load to be levelled on the large nut and
tighten the small nut as a locknut.
APPLICATION
Height adjusters are versatile components for levelling

subassemblies, gearbox mounts, reaction support links,
engine mounts and compressor bearers.

RUBBERISED STOP WASHER
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Robust
• Optional
• RoHS-compliant.
APPLICATION
Stop Washers effectively limit movements of loads

with moving and unmoving units, machines and stops.
They are preferably used for axial path limitation with
Rubberised Stop Washer
Conical Mounts or Ultra Bushes.
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Stop Washers are versatile components for effectively

limiting movements.
MATERIAL
Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber NBR 68 70 Shore A
Diameter, outside in mm 40, 49, 65, 75, 90
Elastomer-coated stop washers have different stiffnesses sizes, diameters and heights, a "softer" distribution of
and damping properties primarily in dependence on the characteristic curve as opposed to the rectangular
the rotation cross section, the height of the elastomer design. The constricted body design produces smaller
pad and the elastomer as well. They have the same stiffnesses in the axial direction and, as a rule, leads to
stiffness in the radial directions (X and Y direction) and higher service life for otherwise equal deflection. The
are considerably stiffer in the axial load direction. The stiffness in the axial direction increases noticeably from
trapezoid design of the elastomer pads (observed in variant I to III. The weight should be absorbed in the
the cross section) will achieve, for otherwise equal longitudinal axis.

DESIGN NOTES
The mount consists of a washer with or without central

hole, with an elastomer pad vulcanised onto one side.
• Position stop washers centred relative to and normal

to the axial primary load, and ensure that load is
transferred by a smooth and flat face opposite to
and making full-surface contact with the elastomer
pad
• Make sure that fasteners such as screws, etc., do not
restrict the range of deflection of the stop faces.

WASHERS AND CENTERING WASHERS
MATERIAL
Steel min. 270 N … 340 N
Diameter, outside in 35, 40, 48, 50, 60, 70, 75,

mm 80, 100, 104, 110
The weight load should be applied along the

longitudinal axis..
Washers and Centering Washers
DESIGN NOTES
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Washers and centering washers are a dditional

components made of a cylindrical semifinished product.
Washers and centering washers are s imple and Each washer or centering washer has a c entral
cost-effective add-on elements and are available in through-hole and a stepped shoulder on one face.
different dimensions.

PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• It is advisable to use DIN-compliant screws and other
• Robust components for fitting and installation.
• Optional
• RoHS-compliant.
APPLICATION
Washers and centering washers are frequently used

as stops for the elastomer bodies of selected conical
mounts, MO mounts and ultra bushes.

PIPE MOUNTING BLOCK
APPLICATION
The main area of application is decoupling or reducing

dynamic relative movement between the media-carrying
hoses and pipes as well as the supporting structure. This
makes these components suitable for all applications in
which media are transported and high pressure pulses
occur. Examples are harvesters, construction machinery,
processing machines, preparation machines, stationary
and mobile pressure units in which there are oil hoses
or pipes.
Pipe Mounting Block

MATERIAL

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Chloroprene rubber CR 57 45, 55, 65 Shore A
Pipe mounting blocks reduce the transmission of

pulsation-induced vibrations from media-carrying pipes
and hoses to the supporting structure. In the reverse OPERATING CONDITIONS
direction they damp vibration transmission along the
pipes and hoses to other anchorages. Max. temperature up to + 100°C,
transient +130°C

PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
Pipe mounting blocks can decouple hoses or pipes from
• Parallel fastening surfaces the supporting structures, or damp relative movements.
• Installation with standard screws angled according They have a suitable design and optimised elastomer
to DIN hose clamps selection for sustained temperatures up to 90 °C.
• Premounting with pipe unions with up to 6 pipes The radial stiffness is many times the axial stiffness.
possible The grooves in the hose retainers are d esigned to
• Different pipe diameters can be used decouple acoustically effective excitation amplitudes.
• "Fail-safe" behaviour within the s ecuring screws The primary load direction is recommended in the
• High temperature resistance up to 90 °C direction of the screws.
• Good resistance to many oils
• Good corrosion protection without chrome
• RoHS-compliant.

DESIGN NOTES
The pipe mounting blocks have a single cubic shape

and can generally hold 1 to approximately 6 and
in some cases more hoses or pipes. Metal sheets for
uniform distribution of the clamping forces on the
individual hose holders are vulcanised in place. Sleeves
for guiding the screws and positioning the metal sheets
are installed. The hose holders have grooves along the
bore in a circumferential direction. They are used for
modifying the stiffness for small vibration amplitudes.
Make sure that only small axial deflections occur.
B A
B-B ( 1 : 1 ) A-A ( 1 : 1 )
0 12 42 63 89 110 140
28
28
B A n7
n 10
For tubes and hoses with

30
diameters from 17 to 18,7 mm
27 98 27
152
Dimensional drawing Type 039 18 775
• Pipe mounting blocks are designed to be fitted

• Make sure that there is a closed gap between to
pairs of components of the pipe mounting block
• The installation area must be free from fluids.
There must not be any metal shavings or sharp
edges/stones in the vicinity of the installation areas
or between the elastomer bodies or between them
and the metal sheets
• Make sure that all screws are installed in
multiple pipe mounting blocks
• Heat accumulation under covers or similar
must be avoided
• Uniform screw tightness is required.

Fitting & installation Type 039 18 777
Fitting & installation Type 039 18 776 HD

RUBBERISED SPROCKETS
APPLICATION
• Engines with chain drives

• Steel or sintered sprockets for high-speed
chain drives.
MATERIAL
Elastomer HNBR
Sprocket steel
Rubberised Sprockets
Media Engine oil

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Temperature –25 … +140 °C
In the engine area chains and sprockets wheels are
used to drive crankshafts and camshafts as well as
auxiliary units. The advantages of chain drives are the
long service life and low maintenance requirements.
However, conventional chain drives tend to be r elatively
noisy. As a result FST has developed r ubberised steel or
sintered sprockets for high-speed chain drives. Defined
elastomer pads on both sides of the sprockets make the
system run more smoothly.
The damping effect comes from the fact that the
chain enters the elastomer before it reaches the metal
sprocket surface. This effectively damps noises caused
by vibrations in the chain.
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Long-life designs with maximum friction resistance

and quiet chain running with high degree of
expertise in elastomer combinations and specially
developed HNBR elastomers
• Noise levels significantly reduced at medium r.p.m.
by approximately 1 to 3 dB (A).

BELT PULLEY WITH ELASTOMER TRACK
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Long-life designs with a high degree of expertise

in elastomer combinations and specially developed
HNBR elastomers
• Significant reduction of vibrations and noise.
APPLICATION
• Spur gear drive of auxiliary units in diesel engines,

spur gear of an air compressor
Belt Pulley with Elastomer Track
• Engines for construction machinery,tractors and
other agricultural machinery.
The belt pulley with elastomer track is used to damp Elastomer HNBR
vibration and noise. Drive pulleys and drive belts are Pulley steel
used for power transmission in motorcycles in some
cases. These drive pulleys begin to vibrate at specific
speed ranges and generate noise. To solve the problem OPERATING CONDITIONS
FST has developed a drive pulley with vulcanised, de-
fined elastomer pads. This damps the vibrations of the
Media Engine oil
pulley and reduces noise.
Temperature –25 … +140 °C

DECOUPLED CHAIN GEAR
APPLICATION
• Deflection wheel for chain drive of a diesel engine

• Steel or sintered sprockets for high-speed chain
drives
• Medium and large diesel engines with sprocket/
spur gear drive for construction machinery, tractors
and other agricultural machinery.
MATERIAL
Decoupled Chain Gear Elastomer HNBR
Sprocket steel
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION OPERATING CONDITIONS
In the field of engines chains and sprocket are frequent-

Media Engine oil
ly used to drive crankshafts and camshafts as well as
auxiliary units. The gear teeth a contact conditions in Temperature –25 … +140 °C
the chain drive are similar to the geared drive. The Pressure max. 3 bar
chain links grip so deeply into the spaces between the
teeth that both edges are in contact with them. In the
chain drive vibrations occur when the load on the chain
is relieved. FST has developed a deflection wheel in the
reference case that decouples the shaft from the gear
wheel to prevent transmission of vibrations by b onding
elastomer between the inside component a ttached to
the shaft and the outer gear wheel. V ibrations and
noise can be significantly reduced. Because the ela-
stomer is incompressible, there is still a reliable power
transmission.
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Significant noise reduction by a pproximately

1 to 3dB (A)
• Long-life designs with a high degree of expertise
in elastomer combinations and specially developed
HNBR elastomers.

DECOUPLED GEARS
APPLICATION
• Gears for spur gear drives

• Camshaft gear
• Medium and large diesel engines with spur gear
drive for construction m
achinery, tractors and other
agricultural machinery.
MATERIAL
Elastomer HNBR
Decoupled Gears Spur gear steel
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Media Engine oil
Spur gears are used to drive the camshafts and
auxiliary units for diesel engines. The auxiliary units Temperature –25 … +140 °C
develop unwanted vibrations that cause noise and Pressure max. 3 bar
affect the smoothness. Solution: the gears are separa-
ted radially, joined by an elastomer component again
and thus decoupled. Vibrations and noise can be
significantly reduced.
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Noise reduction by approximately 1 to 3dB (A)

• Long-life designs with a high degree of expertise in
elastomer combinations and specially developed
HNBR elastomers.

DECOUPLING ELEMENTS
APPLICATION
• Resilient attachment as well as sealing of metal

c omponents on the oil sump, cylinder head cover on
the engine block, injector valves
• Attachment of engine controller (electronic)
• Engines and auxiliary units for c onstruction ma
chinery, tractors and other agricultural machinery.
MATERIAL
Composite component of metal and e lastomer

Decoupling Elements
(with/without bond)
Elastomer VMQ with low hardness (Shore)
Support component steel

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Various elastomer-metal design components are used to

reduce vibrations and noise in the area of engines and OPERATING CONDITIONS
auxiliary units. These components are used amongst
others on the resilient attachment as well as sealing of Media Engine oil, spray
metal components on the oil sump, the cylinder head Temperature –25 … +140 °C
cover on the engine block and injector valves. One
example in the engine controller of commercial vehicles,
which is attached to the vehicle with screws. Elastomer
composite components are used for resilient vibration-
decoupling attachment.
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
• Decoupling of structure-borne noise and vibrations

• Reduced components by use of e lastomer composite
components
• Application-specific design with a wide range of
elastomers.

Freudenberg Sealing Technologies GmbH
Höhnerweg 2–4
69469 Weinheim
Germany
www.fst.com

FST Technical Manual 2015 Sec09 Vibration Control

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VIBRATION CONTROL

Vibration Control  814

Engineering Basics  816

Vibration Control is a Trade-off between Conflicting Objectives  818

Procedure for Component Selection  820

Static Compressive Deflection  821

Mount Reaction/Force  822

Basic and Operational Characteristics of Elastomer Materials  829

Design Types  832

Modern vibration control reliably protects increasingly REQUIREMENTS

814 © Freudenberg Sealing Technologies GmbH & Co. KG | Technical Manual

• Frequency and amplitude based or dependent

Vibration control-related solutions from Freudenberg

© Freudenberg Sealing Technologies GmbH & Co. KG | Technical Manual 815

An example involving a driver's cabin is used here to • Mass of the cabin

Fig. 1 Possible movements of a rigid body

816 © Freudenberg Sealing Technologies GmbH & Co. KG | Technical Manual

If superimposed vibrations occur translationally, rota­

Diagram 1 Calculation of the spring deflection at the natural frequency [3]

© Freudenberg Sealing Technologies GmbH & Co. KG | Technical Manual 817

VIBRATION CONTROL IS A TRADE-OFF BETWEEN CONFLICTING

OBJECTIVES damping always occurs, limiting the oscillation ampli-

The essential characteristic of oscillatory systems is

Theoretically, the amplitudes of the resonance can be

Before optimisation: After optimisation:

Fig. 4 Movement possibilities of the cabin

Fig. 3 Optimisation of the cabin suspension

Fig. 5 Vertical vibrations of the cabin before optimisation

Fig. 6 Vertical vibrations of the cabin after optimisation

818 © Freudenberg Sealing Technologies GmbH & Co. KG | Technical Manual

Mount force/excitation force amplitude[1] 6

© Freudenberg Sealing Technologies GmbH & Co. KG | Technical Manual 819

PROCEDURE FOR COMPONENT SELECTION

TERMS OF REFERENCE under load.

820 © Freudenberg Sealing Technologies GmbH & Co. KG | Technical Manual

STATIC COMPRESSIVE DEFLECTION

© Freudenberg Sealing Technologies GmbH & Co. KG | Technical Manual 821

Fig. 7 Mount pattern (example)

WORKED EXAMPLE Tbl. 2 Mount spacing and mount reactions (forces)

Weight [m] 400 kg

Gravitational acceleration [g] approx.10m/s²

Gravitational force [FG] 4000 N

Tbl. 1 Weight and gravitational force

822 © Freudenberg Sealing Technologies GmbH & Co. KG | Technical Manual

Fig. 8 Working point and oscillation amplitude

© Freudenberg Sealing Technologies GmbH & Co. KG | Technical Manual 823

Settling of elastomeric components

Quasi-linear range/free path

Fig. 9 Settling of elastomeric components

OTHER CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING EXAMPLE OF ASPECTS OF MORE COMPLEX

[10] sinmax ≤ 0,5 · smax

Empirical data shows that this definition is frequently

824 © Freudenberg Sealing Technologies GmbH & Co. KG | Technical Manual

Step 3 By selecting a correspondingly high damping rate the

© Freudenberg Sealing Technologies GmbH & Co. KG | Technical Manual 825

REGARDING LOADS What factors will have to be taken into

826 © Freudenberg Sealing Technologies GmbH & Co. KG | Technical Manual

© Freudenberg Sealing Technologies GmbH & Co. KG | Technical Manual 827

While carrying out the fitting and applying the Standards

Vibration Control 814

Engineering Basics 816

Vibration Control is a Trade-off between Conflicting Objectives 818

Procedure for Component Selection 820

Static Compressive Deflection 821

Mount Reaction/Force 822

Basic and Operational Characteristics of Elastomer Materials 829

Design Types 832

If superimposed vibrations occur translationally, rota

Pre-Selection Vibration Control 832

Hydro Bush 834 Rubberised Sprockets 892

Ultra Bush 845 896

They are specifically suited when low frequencies