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    Separating Mixtures

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    joshua.wen3
    The document discusses various techniques for separating mixtures including filtration, using a separating funnel, centrifuging, distillation, evaporation, crystallization, and chromatography. Filtration and separating funnels separate mixtures based on particle size and density. Centrifuging uses high speeds to separate mixtures based on particle size and mass. Distillation and evaporation separate mixtures based on differences in boiling points. Crystallization and chromatography separate mixtures based on differences in solubility.

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    Separating Mixtures

    Uploaded by

    joshua.wen3
    7 views8 pages
    The document discusses various techniques for separating mixtures including filtration, using a separating funnel, centrifuging, distillation, evaporation, crystallization, and chromatography. Filtration and separating funnels separate mixtures based on particle size and density. Centrifuging uses high speeds to separate mixtures based on particle size and mass. Distillation and evaporation separate mixtures based on differences in boiling points. Crystallization and chromatography separate mixtures based on differences in solubility.

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    The document discusses various techniques for separating mixtures including filtration, using a separating funnel, centrifuging, distillation, evaporation, crystallization, and chromatography. Filtration and separating funnels separate mixtures based on particle size and density. Centrifuging uses high speeds to separate mixtures based on particle size and mass. Distillation and evaporation separate mixtures based on differences in boiling points. Crystallization and chromatography separate mixtures based on differences in solubility.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views8 pages

    Separating Mixtures

    Uploaded by

    joshua.wen3
    The document discusses various techniques for separating mixtures including filtration, using a separating funnel, centrifuging, distillation, evaporation, crystallization, and chromatography. Filtration and separating funnels separate mixtures based on particle size and density. Centrifuging uses high speeds to separate mixtures based on particle size and mass. Distillation and evaporation separate mixtures based on differences in boiling points. Crystallization and chromatography separate mixtures based on differences in solubility.

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    Separating Mixtures

    Separate Ways
    Explain filtration as a technique to separate materials
    with different particle sizes, usually solids and liquids.

    • Filtration is a technique used to separate materials with


    different particle sizes, usually solids and liquids.
    • Filter paper can be used to separate insoluble substances
    from solution, or differently sized solids.
    Separate Ways
    Identify how liquids of different densities can be separated
    using a separating funnel.

    • Some liquids (e.g. oil and water) do not mix, even when
    stirred.
    • These liquids can be separated using a separating funnel,
    where one liquid is allowed to flow out the bottom, while
    the other is left behind.
    Separate Ways
    Explore how centrifuging using gravity to separate a
    suspension from a solution e.g. blood
    • A mixture can be separated by spinning it very quickly.
    This method is called centrifuging.
    • Larger / heavier particles fall to the bottom of the
    container, lighter particles move to the top.
    • This process can be used to separate mixtures like blood,
    where some cells are larger than others.

    don’t try this at home


    Separating Solutions
    Describe the process of distillation as a technique to
    separate liquids with different boiling points, giving one example.
    • Liquids often boil at different temperatures.
    • Distillation separates liquids with different boiling points
    by only heating up the mixture so that one liquid boils.
    • To separate water and ethanol, the mixture would need to
    heated to around 80 degrees, so that ethanol boils, but
    water does not.

    Liquid Boiling Point (oC)

    Water 100

    Ethanol 78
    Separating Solutions
    Define evaporation and outline how this process is used in the
    desalination of water.

    • Evaporation works in a similar way to distillation, except


    that evaporation does not require the solution to reach
    boiling point.
    • Over time, water will absorb energy from the
    environment and evaporate, leaving behind the solvent.
    Separating Solutions
    Explain crystallisation.

    • Crystallisation occurs when the solvent is removed


    slowly enough that particles have time to arrange
    themselves into ordered crystal structures.
    • e.g. salt water evaporating slowly would leave behind
    large salt crystals
    Separating Solutions
    Explain chromatography.

    • Paints, inks, food colouring and dyes are often mixtures


    of different colours.
    • Since different colours have different solubilities,
    chromatography separates out the colours when particles
    are carried up the paper strip at different speeds.

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