Ch11 Quiz

1.
Which of following statements describes a difference between replica8on of DNA and

transcrip8on of RNA?
a. Nucleoside triphosphates are the precursors for replica8on, but nucleoside
diphosphates are used for transcrip8on.
b. Both strands of DNA are copied in replica8on, but usually only one is copied in
transcrip8on.
c. Base pairing is used to copy the sequence in replica8on, but not in transcrip8on.
d. The chain grows from the 5' to the 3' end in replica8on, but 3' to 5' in
transcrip8on.
e. None of these
2. Which of following statements concerning RNA transcrip8on is false?

a. The release of pyrophosphate from a nucleoside triphosphate drives the
reac8on.
b. RNA is synthesized from the 5' end to the 3' end.
c. DNA to RNA base pairing includes A to U and G to C.
d. Transcrip8on requires the use of a primer.
e. None of these
3. The end of the new mRNA molecule in E. coli. usually terminates in a string of A's
a. True
b. False
4. How do the core enzyme and the holoenzyme of RNA polymerase differ in E. coli?
a. The holoenzyme includes the sigma (σ) subunit, the core enzyme does not.
b. The core enzyme includes the sigma (σ) subunit, the holoenzyme does not.
c. The holoenzyme transcribes from an RNA template, the core enzyme from a DNA
template.
d. The core enzyme transcribes from an RNA template, the holoenzyme from a DNA
template.
5. At what point does the sigma (σ) subunit of RNA polymerase released from the core
enzyme?
a. Prior to the incorpora8on of any nucleo8des into an RNA strand.
b. AUer transcrip8on begins and about 10 nucleo8des have been added to the RNA
chain.
c. Just prior to chain termina8on.
d. Never; it is an intrinsic part of the core enzyme.
e. AUer RNA polymerase discovers an inverted repeat
6. What is the func8on of the sigma (σ) subunit of RNA polymerase in E. coli?
a. It recognizes promoters where transcrip8on should begin.
b. It contains the ac8ve site for synthesis of RNA.
c. It ensures proper processitvity of the polymerase, so it doesn't stop prematurely.
d. It is involved in chain termina8on.
e. It scrunches the DNA
7. Which of the following is not part of the core promoter?

a. the transcrip8on start site
b. the Pribnow box (−10 region)
c. the −35 region
d. the UP element
8. Which of the following offers the best descrip8on of a Pribnow box?

a. A promoter consensus sequence located at approximately −35.
b. A promoter consensus sequence located at approximately −10.
c. A sequence forming a hairpin loop signaling the termina8on of transcrip8on.
d. A sequence immediately surrounding the start site of transcrip8on.
9. Consensus sequences are

a. sequences that are invariant throughout the DNA.
b. sequences required for transcrip8on to occur
c. sequences that have many bases in common
d. sequences that lie far upstream of the core promoter.
10. Minor differences in the consensus sequence for RNA Polymerase

a. can be exploited to vary the amount of mRNA which is synthesized from that
gene.
b. dictate the direc8on that RNA Polymerase proceeds from the promoter.
c. dictate whether sigma (σ) factor is required.
d. never occur.
e. have no effect on transcrip8on
11. In prokaryo8c RNA synthesis

a. the rate of incorpora8on of nucleo8des is constant throughout the elonga8on
process
b. the ρ (rho) protein is always required for termina8on
c. a unique series of three bases leads to termina8on
d. inverted-repeat sequences in the DNA being transcribed can lead to termina8on
12. Which is not associated with bacterial promoters?

a. the transcrip8on start site
b. the Pribnow box
c. the −35 element
d. 3' an8terminator
13. The weakness of A−U base pairs at the end of the RNA molecule may help in dissocia8on
of the new RNA product.
a. True
b. False
14. How do enhancers differ from promoters?

a. Enhancers do not bind RNA polymerase.
b. Enhancers include the UP element.
c. Enhancers bind the sigma (σ) factor.
d. There is no difference; these terms are synonymous.
15. Operons
a. control the expression of cons8tu8ve genes.
b. are subject to posi8ve or to nega8ve control.
c. are not affected by muta8ons in the genes for repressors or inducers.
d. occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
16. Which of the condi8ons would result in the least amount of transcrip8on of the lac
operon?
[glucose] [lactose]
I. high high
II. low low
III. high low
IV. low high
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
17. Which of the following statements about eukaryo8c and prokaryo8c RNA polymerases,
is false?
a. There are 3 different RNA polymerases in eukaryotes, instead of just one.
b. Eukaryo8c polymerases have the same number of subunits as prokaryo8c ones.
c. Only prokaryo8c polymerases use sigma factor.
d. The enzyma8c mechanism is the same for both types of organisms.
18. Which of the following is not a key step in the ac8va8on of mRNA synthesis in
eukaryotes?
a. Binding of TBP to the DNA.
b. Binding of other transcrip8on factors.
c. Binding of RNA Pol I.
d. Phosphoryla8on of the RNA Pol.
e. All of these are necessary to ini8ate RNA synthesis in eukaryotes.
19. How do eukaryo8c and prokaryo8c RNA polymerases compare?
a. Since eukaryo8c RNA polymerases are more complex, lijle homology has been
found between the actual protein sequences in the cataly8c subunits.
b. Since eukaryo8c transcrip8on is less complex than in prokaryotes, monomeric
RNA polymerases are used.
c. Despite their added complexity, eukaryo8c and prokaryo8c RNA polymerases are
generally homologous.
d. Eukaryo8c and prokaryo8c RNA polymerases are virtually iden8cal.
20. Transcrip8on in eukaryotes differs from RNA synthesis in prokaryotes

a. by requiring a primer.
b. by simplifying the process with mul8func8onal enzymes.
c. in using more complex σ factors.
d. by having mul8ple RNA polymerases rather than one.
21. A transcrip8on factor is

a. a subunit of RNA polymerase II that does not have a prokaryo8c analogue.
b. the part of the promoter sequence closest to the start of transcrip8on.
c. a protein other than RNA polymerase that is involved in transcrip8on.
d. a sequence that determines whether an upstream element will be an enhancer
or silencer.
22. The eukaryo8c TATA-binding protein (TBP) func8ons in a manner similar to

a. sigma (σ) factor in E. coli.
b. rho (ρ) factor in E. coli.
c. lac I in E. coli.
d. CAP in E. coli.
23. The elonga8on and termina8on phases of eukaryo8c transcrip8on

a. require several protein factors
b. are bejer understood than the ini8a8on phase
c. are not subject to control mechanisms, only the ini8a8on phase
d. proceed at a constant rate and always stop at the same termina8on sequence
24. The major difference between RNA ini8a8on in eukaryotes and prokaryotes is the
number of factors involved in the process.
a. True
b. False
25. Which of the following is not a structural mo8f encountered in DNA-binding proteins?
a. helix-turn-helix
b. leucine zipper
c. zinc finger
d. β−barrel
26. Polyadenyla8on of eukaryo8c mRNA

a. occurs at the 5' end.
b. occurs at the 3' end.
c. occurs at both ends.
d. doesn't occur at all.
27. The combina8on of events revolving around chroma8n remodeling that controls
transcrip8on is known as:
a. The gene8c code
b. The second gene8c code
c. The histone code
d. Histone deacetylase code
e. None of these
28. Which of the following RNAs is noted for having a "cloverleaf" structure?
a. mRNA
b. rRNA
c. tRNA
d. All of these
29. The sequences in eukaryo8c DNA known as introns are

a. those included in the final sequence of messenger RNA
b. the intervening sequences not expressed in the final sequence of messenger RNA
c. the binding sites for DNA polymerase
d. the binding sites for RNA polymerase
30. Post-transcrip8on processing of mRNA in prokaryotes is required.

a. True
b. False
31. Alterna8ve splicing of exons is a mechanism to get more than 1 protein from the same
gene.
a. True
b. False
32. Ribozymes
a. are more efficient catalysts than protein-based enzymes.
b. are involved in protein synthesis.
c. always use the same mechanism of catalysis.
d. probably evolved later than protein-based enzymes.
33. Non-coding RNAs are known to:
a. bind to mRNA targe8ng them for destruc8on
b. bind to mRNA preven8ng their transla8on
c. promote RNA silencing
d. all of these
34. In the template DNA strand formed during transcrip8on, the area from the end of the
Upstream Promoter (UP) element to the transcrip8on start site (TSS) is called the _____.
a. proximal promoter
b. core promoter
c. distal promoter
d. extended promoter
35. During which phase do the β’- and σ-subunits of RNA polymerase melt 14 base pairs
surrounding the transcrip8on start site, causing the strands to separate?
a. chain ini8a8on
b. chain elonga8on
c. intrinsic chain termina8on
d. rho-dependent chain termina8on

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1.

Which of following statements describes a diﬀerence between replica8on of DNA and

2. Which of following statements concerning RNA transcrip8on is false?

7. Which of the following is not part of the core promoter?

8. Which of the following oﬀers the best descrip8on of a Pribnow box?

9. Consensus sequences are

10. Minor diﬀerences in the consensus sequence for RNA Polymerase

11. In prokaryo8c RNA synthesis

12. Which is not associated with bacterial promoters?

14. How do enhancers diﬀer from promoters?

20. Transcrip8on in eukaryotes diﬀers from RNA synthesis in prokaryotes

21. A transcrip8on factor is

22. The eukaryo8c TATA-binding protein (TBP) func8ons in a manner similar to

23. The elonga8on and termina8on phases of eukaryo8c transcrip8on

26. Polyadenyla8on of eukaryo8c mRNA

29. The sequences in eukaryo8c DNA known as introns are

30. Post-transcrip8on processing of mRNA in prokaryotes is required.

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