Kick-start

IELTS
UNIT 11

01
IELTS Tactics UNIT 11

Grammar
1
Table of Relative clause (1)

contents 2
Pronunciation
Vowels: Monophthongs
IELTS Tactics Unit 11

Are you ready?

Grammar
Relative clause
 RELATIVE CLAUSE

• A tour guide is a person who shows visitors around places of interest.

Relative Clause
• I usually travel with my mom, and she is the perfect travel mate

who / whom I really love.

Relative Clause
• Tourism might lead to environmental problems which are very serious nowadays.
Relative Clause
• Over-tourism is a problem which / that some countries have been facing.
Relative Clause

02
 Relative Clause
• A clause is a part of a sentence. A relative clause tells us which person or thing (or
what kind of person or thing) the speaker means
shows
whoshows
A tour guide is a person who visitors
visitors around
around places
places of interest.
of interest.

Relative Clause
 Relative Clause
• We use “who” in a relative clause for people (not things) and to replace Subject in a
sentence
A tour guide is a person who shows visitors around places of interest

N (people) + who + V

• We use “whom” in a relative clause for people (not things) and to replace Object in a
sentence
I usually travel with my mom, and she is the perfect travel mate who/whom I really love

N (people) + who/whom + S + V
 Relative Clause
• We use “which” in a relative clause for things and to replace Subject in a sentence

Tourism might lead to environmental problems which are very serious nowadays

N (things) + which + V

• We use “which” in a relative clause for things and to replace Object in a sentence

Over-tourism is a problem which some countries have been facing.

N (things) + which+ S + V
 RELATIVE PRONOUN

Finish the sentences below by using relative pronoun

that she had visited in her country.

She told me a lot of about the places and people _____

N (people, things) + that + S + V

02
 Relative Clause
• We use “that” in a relative clause for both things and people and to replace Subject and
Object in a sentence
• Over-tourism is a problem that some countries have been facing.

• A tour guide is a person that shows visitors around places of interest.

 Relative Clause
• When relative pronouns like “which”, “that” or “who” are the object of a sentence they can
be deleted.
o Ha Giang is the place which I have been to at least three times.
o Ha Giang is the place that I have been to at least three times.
o Ha Giang is the place I have been to at least three times.
Check-up 1:
Combine the sentences below by using relative clauses to make meaningful
sentences for a sample answer.

1. Q: Do you plan to travel in the near future?

A: I am not sure about that. I guess maybe after graduation, I Iwill
willgo
gototoPhu
PhuYen.
Yen, which
Phu Yen has a breathtaking
breathtaking
view And
view. and Phu
veryYen
good seafood.
has very good seafood

2. Q: What city leaves a big impression on you?

A: I have been to some big cities in Asia, but I am really impressed with Beijing. WhenWhenI Iwas
wasthere,
there,I was
I wastold
told
stories
storiesabout
aboutthe
thehistory of of
history thisthis
city.city
Thewhich
history of thisand
is long cityrich.
is long and rich.

3. Q: Where do you often stay when you travel?

A: Well, during most of my trips, I Istay
stayininfive-star
five-starhotels.
hotelsThe
which havehotels
five-star goodhave
service
goodand are right
service in the
and they are
city centre.
right in the of the city centre.
Check-up 1:
Combine the sentences below by using relative clauses to make meaningful
sentences for a sample answer.

4.
Q: What country do you want to visit once again?
A: Actually
: ActuallyititisisItaly,
Italy. which
Italy is is a very
a very beautiful
beautiful country.
country. I have been to Italy several times

Q: What is your most favorite building in Vietnam?

A: II would
wouldsay
saythe
theBitexco
Bitexcofinancial tower.
financial Bitexco
tower, whichfinancial tower
is an icon andis tourist
an icon destination
and tourist destination in Hocity.
in Ho Chi Minh Chi
Minh city.
Check-up 2:
Each sentence below contains a mistake. Find and correct them.

1. Many places in Vietnam which famous

which are famous for
for street food and rich culture have welcomed

many tourists.
2. The countryside which
might not
might notbe
be modern is still an ideal place to live for many people.

which people to have better health care

3. Moving to big cities to live is an opportunity allows
allows
services.
4. Sustainable tourism is promoted recently can whohelp
help protect the environment.
who
5. Tour guides help
help visitors remove language barriers can help visitors save time because
they would plan the schedule.
which
6. Tourism a business can
can
contribute to a country’s economy.
 TYPES OF RELATIVE CLAUSES

If the relative clauses are removed in both sentences, which sentence is clear, and
which one is not?
Non-defining
Travelling, which is one of the most popular leisure activities,
is beneficial for us in many ways. relative
clauses
*Do not use “that” in Non-defining relative clauses*

Defining
Passport is a formal document that you must show when you
go abroad relative
clauses
*Do not use comma in defining relative clauses*

02
 REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES

Fill in the missing words

Active voice Passive voice

People who don’t have their The park which was opened last
passport cannot travel abroad month has attracted many visitors.
→ People not having
__________their passport opened last month has
→ The park __________
cannot travel abroad attracted many visitors.

S + V-ing + O S + Vpp + O

02
Check-up 4:
Do as you are required as follows.
a. Read the passage below and answer the questions.
Mental health experts say there’s research to support the link between travel and happiness. Some travelers may get
a mood lift from having new and diverse experiences. A 2020 study published in the journal Nature found that people
seeing more changes in scenery day-to-day tend to be happier.
Another study found that women travelling at least twice a year are less likely to suffer from depression and chronic
stress than women traveling less than once every two years.
(Source: leehealth.org)
• Identify the reduced relative clauses in the passage above and analyze the elements of those sentences:
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
A 2020 study (which was) published in the journal Nature found that people seeing …
Another study … chronic stress than women who travel / traveling less than once every two years.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

• Translate the passage into Vietnamese.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Các chuyên gia về sức khỏe tâm thần cho rằng có các nghiên cứu chứng minh mối liên quan giữa đi du lịch và
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
trạng thái hứng khởi. Tinh thần của một số du khách có thể được nâng cao từ việc có thêm các trải nghiệm mới và
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
đa dạng. Một nghiên cứu được thực hiện vào năm 2020 được xuất bản trên tạp chí Nature đã chỉ ra rằng những
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
người chứng kiến nhiều sự thay đổi hơn trong cuộc sống hàng ngày sẽ cảm thấy vui hơn.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Một nghiên cứu khác cũng cho thấy phụ nữ đi du lịch ít nhất 2 lần trong năm sẽ ít cảm thấy áp lực hay căng thẳng
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
kinh niên hơn là những phụ nữ đi du lịch ít hơn 1 lần trong năm.
Check-up 4:
Do as you are required as follows.

a. Some of the sentences below can be rewritten by using the reduced form of relative clauses while some
cannot. Rewrite some of those sentences and cross (X) if the sentence cannot be rewritten.
1. Tourists who travel after the pandemic can visit many places without COVID-19 testing.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Tourists traveling after the pandemic can visit many places without COVID-19 testing.
2. Culture which includes traditions and customs can be learnt through tourism.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Culture including traditions and customs can be learnt through tourism.
3. Common languages such as English, French or Spanish which are learnt by many people in the world are a useful
tool of communication when traveling.
Common languages learnt by many people in the world are a tool of communication when traveling.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Remote tourism which is very popular nowadays is a lucrative business.
 Common mistakes when using relative clause

Example Mistake
- Many authors who wrote this statement came from Không rút gọn MĐQH bằng công thức đã học khi thì của
America. -> Many forests cleared in the past are now động từ là thì QK
planted.
- Remote tourism which is very popular nowadays is a Không rút gọn MĐQH có cấu trúc: “ĐTQH + to be + adj”
lucrative business. -> Remote tourism being very popular
nowadays is a lucrative business.
- I have seen a lot of people and food that were great Chỉ dùng “That” trong các MĐQH khi đằng trước nó chỉ
when I first moved here. đối tượng cả người và vật
- Well, my home is the only place that gives me the cozy Chỉ dùng “That” trong các MĐQH khi đằng trước nó có từ
feeling. “only”
Exercise 1:
Practice as you are required as below.
A. Each sample below contains at least one mistake. Find and correct them.
1. Q: What place do you most like to visit?
A: I like to visit mountainous areas whom are not overcrowded. Last month, I went to Mu Cang Chai, Yen Bai,
which are
that is in the north of Vietnam. The peaceful atmosphere there refreshes my mind and releases my stress.
which

2. Q: What kind of places do you like?

A: Well, I guess my top pick would be places
placeswith are peaceful and quiet. I do not enjoy the hustle and bustle
it is so noisy and disturbing.
of city life because which

3. Q: Do you prefer the city or the countryside?

A: I think that each has its own advantages, but I want to live in a big city rather than in the countryside. I
believe living in a big city that gives us the access to better education, healthcare services or entertainment.
gives
Exercise 1:
Practice as you are required as below.
A. Each sample below contains at least one mistake. Find and correct them.
4.
Q: Which city have you been to recently?
A: Actually, I just visited Seoul, South Korea last year and I have to say that my mind is blown away. It is a big
and modern city which has a rich culture. The local cuisine, which
that includes kimbap, tokkboki, kimchi, is also
very excellent.

5.
Q: Which city do you want to visit in the near future?
A: Honestly, I must say Beijing which
who is the capital city of our neighboring country, China. The city is famous all
over the world for ancient structures where
which were built thousands of years ago. Besides, Beijing is also known

for its rich culture and local cuisine.

Exercise 1:
Practice as you are required as below.
B. Write full sentences based on the words given to make a complete sample answer.
Describe a trip that you went by a public transport.
1. I / will / describe / trip / by / metro / I / make / last / month.
I will describe a trip by metro (which/that) I made last month.
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. When / first / metro / Hanoi / launch / 2021, I / really / want / make / trip / around / Hanoi, / but
/ I / could / only / do / until / last / month.
______________________________________________________________________________________
When the first metro in Hanoi was launched in 2021, I really wanted to make a trip around the city, but I
could not do this until last month.
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. I / always / fancy / trip / can / avoid / hustle and bustle / of / life, which / so / noisy / disturbing.
I______________________________________________________________________________________
liked a trip that could avoid the hustle and bustle of life.

4. Therefore, / I decide / go / metro / and / this / also / first / time / I / ride / by / this / means /
transport.
______________________________________________________________________________________
Therefore, I decided to go by metro and this was also the first time I travel by this means of transport.
Exercise 1:
Practice as you are required as below.
B. Write full sentences based on the words given to make a complete sample answer.
Describe a trip that you went by a public transport.
5. When / I / on / metro, I / could / see / city / at / totally different / view.
______________________________________________________________________________________
When I was on the metro, I could see the city at a totally different view.
6. At / that / time, I / feel / very / proud / Hanoi / which / have / rich / culture
______________________________________________________________________________________
At that time, I felt very proud of Hanoi, which has a rich culture.
7. Looking / people / on / street / and / beautiful / scenery / of / Hanoi, my / mind / blow / away.
Looking at the people on the streets and the beautiful scenery of Hanoi, my mind was blown away.
______________________________________________________________________________________
8. The / trip / bring / me / good / feeling / and / it / also / help / refresh / mind / and / release /
stress.
The trip brought me good feelings and it also helped me refresh my mind and release my stress.
______________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 2:
Combine the sentences below, using relative clause

1. I’m currently living in an apartment block in Thanh Xuan district. It is one of the busiest places in Hanoi.
______________________________________________________________________________________
I’m currently living in an apartment block in Thanh Xuan district, which is one of the busiest places in Hanoi.
2. Going on foot helps protect the environment. Going on foot can benefit our physical health.
Going on foot, which helps protect the environment, can benefit our physical health.
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. I usually travel with my mom. She is a great companion.
I usually travel with my mom who is a great companion.
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. More people tend to travel by public transport. Public transport can help reduce air pollution.
More people tend to travel by public transport which can help reduce air pollution.
______________________________________________________________________________________
5. My hometown is a wonderful place. My hometown is considered one of the most crowded places on Earth.
______________________________________________________________________________________
My hometown, which is considered one of the most crowded places on Earth, is a wonderful place.
IELTS Tactics Unit 11

Are you ready?

Pronunciation
Vowels: Monophthongs
How many vowels
are there?

U-E-O-A-I

How many vowels in

IPA are there?
Exercise 1:
Fill in each blank with one suitable word based on its pronunciation.
The given maps describe the changes which have been planned for the town of Berkshire.
Berkshire (present) Berkshire (future plans)

change
Overall, Berkshire will undergo a /tʃeɪndʒ/ ____________, from a rural town into an urbanized area in the future.
supermarket and a sports center will be added.
New roads, a car park, a /ˈsuː.pəˌmɑː.kɪt/ ____________,
First and foremost, all the farms from Berkshire will be removed. Griffiths Farm, which is in the top right /ˈkɔː.nər/
corner
____________ of the map, will be replaced by a supermarket, whereas Hoolahan Farm, which is currently on the
lot
right side of McGoldrick Road, will make way for a parking /lɒt/ ____________. Moreover, the Farmer’s Market,
which is beside Corbie Road, will no longer be there in the future.
Exercise 1:
Fill in each blank with one suitable word based on its pronunciation.
The given maps describe the changes which have been planned for the town of Berkshire.
Berkshire (present) Berkshire (future plans)

roundabout will be built at the junction of McGoldrick Road and That Street.
Furthermore, a new /ˈraʊnd.ə.baʊt/ ____________
The open field at the bottom right of the map will be a new Sports Center. Together with the removal of the shops
bottom
from the /ˈbɒt.əm/ ____________ left, more houses will be built.
Exercise 2:
Listen to the audio and do the role playing game with your partner by asking and
answering the questions with your own information ..<Track 1>

Exercise 3:
Listen to the audio and repeat after the sentences. <Track 2>