Hybrid Solar System For Home

COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM
 Analyze a solar photovoltaic system with battery storage for home considering the
following objectives:
 We consider a solar setup that includes a 12kW hybrid solar inverter, 24 high-efficiency
monocrystalline solar panels totaling 13.2kW, and 4 solar batteries for energy storage.
1. TECHNICAL ANALYSIS:
a) Location of home, available solar energy.
 The amount of solar energy available per day, month, and year in a specific location like
Jamshoro, Sindh can vary based on factors such as weather conditions, time of year, and
geographic location. However, the approximate values based on general estimates for
solar energy potential in this region are 5.1kWh/m2.
 The simulation for a 25 kW PSDS system is performed in the System Advisor Model
(SAM) under the environmental conditions of Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. The results
show that the city has a good potential for direct solar irradiance with a yearly average
value of 1719.15 kWh/m2/y.
The average solar radiation per day in Jamshoro, Sindh is approximately 5.3 kWh/m2.
b) Electricity Power load of Our House:
Types of load Quantity Power Consumption per Total Power

quantity Consume
LED Bulbs 12 12W 144W
Ceiling Fans 6 50W 300W
LED T.V 3 120W 360W
AC 1.5 ton 3 1.7kW 5.1kW
Refrigerator 1 150W 150W
Washing Machine 1 450W 450W
Water Motor/Pump 1 750W 750W
Iron 1 1kW 1kW
TOTAL 8.2kW
 The Total Power electricity load of the house is approximately 8Kw.
 Now, we design the solar system load which will be 1.5 times the Actual House load, that
will be:
Design Load = 8kW x 1.5 = 12kW
 We install the solar hybrid system of 12Kw for a maximum load of house.
C) Electric Bill of House:
 The Below table shows the last six months of an electric bill.
Sr.n Months (2023) Units Electric Bill

o
1
2
3
4
5
6
d) Type of solar PV panel to be installed:
 We consider a Monocrystalline Astro Energy 550Watt solar panel in our house solar
system.
 Monocrystalline panels are the most efficient of the crystalline solar panels at 17-22%
efficiency.
 A single solar panel has a power generation capacity of 550 watts.
 No. of solar panels installed = 24
 Total power generation capacity of solar panels = 550W x 24 = 13.2Kw
 The price per watt of a solar panel is Rs.42
 The total cost price of 24 solar panels = 13200W x 42 = 554400 Rs.
e) Description of solar PV system with all equipment:
 Inverex Nitrox 12kW Hybrid Solar Inverter:

The inverter is a crucial component of a solar PV system. It converts the DC (direct
current) electricity generated by the solar panels into AC (alternating current) electricity
that can be used to power your home or fed back into the grid.
The Inverex Nitrox 12kW Hybrid Solar Inverter is a high-capacity inverter capable of
handling up to 12 kilowatts of power. It is a hybrid inverter, which can work with solar
panels and a battery backup system.
 24 Monocrystalline Astro Energy 550Watt Solar Panels:

These solar panels are the primary energy-generating component of the system.
Monocrystalline panels are known for their high efficiency and durability.
Each panel has a power output of 550 watts, and with a total of 24 panels, the system
has a combined capacity of 13,200 watts or 13.2 kilowatts.
These panels are designed to capture sunlight and convert it into electricity using
photovoltaic cells.
 4 Phoenix Solar Battery 12V 230Ah:

The solar batteries store excess electricity generated by the solar panels during the day
for use at night or during periods of low sunlight.
Each Phoenix solar battery has a voltage of 12 volts and a capacity of 230 amp-hours
(Ah), which indicates how much energy it can store.
With 4 batteries in the system, you have a total storage capacity of 48 volts and 230 Ah,
providing backup power when solar production is insufficient or during power outages.
Overall batteries power saving capacity = 12v x 230ah x 4 = 11.04kW
 Mounting Structures:
Solar panels need sturdy mounting structures to support them and keep them in place.
The type of mounting structure used depends on the installation location (roof, ground,
etc.) and the type of solar panels.
 Racking and Support Hardware:
Racking systems are used to attach solar panels to mounting structures securely. They
include rails, clamps, and other hardware designed to withstand weather conditions and
ensure system stability.
 Charge Controller (For Battery Systems):
In systems with battery storage, a charge controller regulates the flow of electricity
between the solar panels and the batteries. It prevents overcharging or discharging of
the batteries, prolonging their lifespan.
 DC Disconnect:
A DC disconnect switch is installed between the solar panels and the inverter. It allows
the system to be shut off for maintenance or in case of emergencies, providing a safe
way to isolate the DC power.
 AC Breaker Panel:
The AC electricity produced by the inverter is connected to the main electrical panel of
the building through an AC breaker panel. This panel distributes solar-generated
electricity to power appliances and devices.
 Metering and Monitoring Equipment:
Solar PV systems often include meters and monitoring devices to track energy
production, consumption, and system performance. This data helps users optimize
energy usage and identify any issues with the system.
 Wiring and Conduit:
Electrical wiring and conduit are used to connect all the components of the solar PV
system safely and efficiently. Proper wiring ensures that electricity flows smoothly from
the solar panels to the electrical loads.
2. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS:
i) initial cost of solar PV system, with or without battery:
 The cost of a hybrid solar system with all equipment is:

Cost of PV solar panels = 554,400
Cost of inverter = 920,000
Cost of Batteries = 260,000
Cost of wiring = 15,000
Cost of Mounting Structures = 8,500
Cost of Charge Controller = 3,000
Cost of DC breaker = 5,000
Cost of AC breaker panel = 4,500
Digital Meter & monitoring = 40,000
Cost of Installment = 12,000
Total Cost = 1,822,400 Rs.
ii) Replacement, operation, and maintenance costs for 20 years.
 The batteries will be replaced every 2 years and it will cost approximately the same
260,000 Rs.
 The PV solar system also needs maintenance after every 2 years which will cost nearby
15000 Rs.
 The total cost after every 2 years will be 275,000 Rs.
 Overall cost for 20 years will be 2,750,000 Rs.
iii) Electricity Power Production from PV solar system.
 Summer Energy (8 months):

 The Total capacity of “24 PV solar panels of 550Watt” is 13.2Kw.
 Assuming an average of 6 hours of sunlight per day in the summer (a standard

assumption for solar panel calculations), we can calculate the daily energy production:
Daily Energy Production = Total Capacity (kW)×Hours of Sunlight
Daily Energy Production = 13.2 kW×6 hours = 79.2kW.
 Energy Production in a single month = 79.2kW x 30 = 2376kW.
 Energy Production in 8 months of summer = 19008kW.

 So, 24 PV solar panels rated at 550 watts each will produce approximately 19,008kWh of
energy over 8 months during the summer, assuming an average of 6 hours of sunlight
per day.
 Winter Energy (4 months):

 We assume an average of 4 hours of sunlight per day during winter. We'll calculate the
daily energy production:
Daily Energy Production=Total Capacity (kW)×Hours of Sunlight
 Daily Energy Production=13.2 kW × 4 hours = 52.8kW.

 Energy Produce in Single month = 52.8kW x 30 days = 1584kW
 Energy Produced in 4 months = 1584 x 4 = 6336KW.
 Total Energy Produced per Year = Summer Energy (8 months) + Winter Energy
(4 months).
 Total Energy = 19008kW + 6336kW = 25,344kW
iv) Cost Savings:
 Energy Production Per Year = 25,344kW

 Cost of Energy Production Per year = 25,344kW x 65 = 1,647,360 Rs.
 We save Rs.1,647,360 per year by installing a Hybrid Solar system for the house.
v) Payback Period:
 Whole cost of Installation = 1,822,400 Rs.

 Saving cost Per Year = 1,647,360 Rs.
 Maintenance Cost of 20 Years = 2,750,000 Rs.
 So, from the above calculations, the cost of installation will be paid off after 1.5 years
saving cost and after 3.5 years the cost of maintenance will Paid off from the cost of
savings.
 After approximately 3.5 years the installation & maintenance cost will be returned.
3. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS:
i) Environmental impact of installing solar PV system.
 Solar energy technologies and solar power plants do not produce air pollution or
greenhouse gases when operating. Using solar energy can have a positive, indirect effect
on the environment when solar energy replaces or reduces the use of other energy
sources that have larger effects on the environment. As a renewable source of power,
solar energy has an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating
climate change, which is critical to protecting humans, wildlife, and ecosystems. Every
kilowatt of green energy can reduce your carbon footprint by 3,000 pounds annually. So,
even a 5KW solar plant can save approximately 15,000 pounds of CO2 every year,
making huge contributions to protecting our environment from global warming and
related issues. Solar panels emit around 50g of CO2 per kWh produced in its first few
years of operation. By the third year of having solar panels, most solar panels become
carbon neutral. This is still roughly 20 times less than the carbon output of coal-powered
electricity sources. Solar energy systems can generate electricity in any climate. One of
the disadvantages of solar energy is that it's subject to temporary weather disruption.
Cloudy days reduce the amount of electricity you produce. Cold, however, doesn't affect
productivity. There are four main types of low-carbon energy: wind, solar, hydro, or
nuclear power. The first three are renewable, which means these are good for the
environment – as natural resources are used to produce electricity. Wind, nuclear, tidal,
hydropower, geothermal, solar, and wave energy have the lowest carbon footprint. Per
kWh produced, the energy sources emit between 11 and 48 gCO2 on a life-cycle basis.
ii) CO2 reduction:
 If a 5kW solar power plant saves approximately 15,000 pounds of CO2 every year, then a
12kW solar system can save 36,000 pounds of CO2(Carbon dioxide) which is equal to 18
tons of carbon.
 Reference:
https://www.researchgate.net/post/
How_does_solar_energy_reduce_greenhouse_gases_and_how_much_does_solar_ener
gy_reduce_carbon_footprint

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COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM

b) Electricity Power load of Our House:

Types of load Quantity Power Consumption per Total Power

Sr.n Months (2023) Units Electric Bill

d) Type of solar PV panel to be installed:

 Inverex Nitrox 12kW Hybrid Solar Inverter:

 24 Monocrystalline Astro Energy 550Watt Solar Panels:

 4 Phoenix Solar Battery 12V 230Ah:

 The cost of a hybrid solar system with all equipment is:

iii) Electricity Power Production from PV solar system.

 Summer Energy (8 months):

 Assuming an average of 6 hours of sunlight per day in the summer (a standard

Daily Energy Production = Total Capacity (kW)×Hours of Sunlight

Daily Energy Production = 13.2 kW×6 hours = 79.2kW.

 Energy Production in a single month = 79.2kW x 30 = 2376kW.

 Energy Production in 8 months of summer = 19008kW.

 Winter Energy (4 months):

 Daily Energy Production=13.2 kW × 4 hours = 52.8kW.

 Total Energy = 19008kW + 6336kW = 25,344kW

iv) Cost Savings:

 Energy Production Per Year = 25,344kW

 Whole cost of Installation = 1,822,400 Rs.

ii) CO2 reduction:

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