Day 21 Answer Keys READING ANSWER KEYS Questions 27-31 Q 27. Activities related to environmental protection and space exploration have a common theme. Answer: Yes Part of the passage: The community that focuses its efforts on the exploration of space has largely been different from the community focused on the study and protection of the Earth's environment, despite the fact that both fields of interest involve what might be referred to as ‘scientific exploration’ Q 28. It is unclear why space exploration evolved in a different way from environmental studies on Earth. ‘Answer: No Part of the passage: The reason for this dichotomous existence is chiefly historical. The exploration of the Earth has been occurring over many centuries, and the institutions created to do it are often very different from those founded in the second part of the 20th century to explore space. This separation is also caused by the fact that space exploration has attracted experts from mainly non-biological disciplines — primarily engineers and physicists — but the study of Earth and its environment is a domain heavily populated by biologists. Q 29. Governments tend to allocate more money to environmental projects than space exploration. Answer: Not given Part of the passage: /n the environmental community, it is not uncommon for space exploration to be regarded as a waste of money, distracting governments from solving major environmental problems here at home. In the space exploration community, it is not uncommon for environmentalists to be regarded as introspective people who divert attention from the more expansive visions of the exploration of space — the ‘new frontier. Explanation: The passage does not compare the allocated budget Q.30. Unfortunately, the environmental and space exploration communities have little to offer each other in terms of resources. Answer: No Part of the passage: These perceptions can also be negative in consequence because the full potential of both communities can be realised better when they work together to solve problems. For example, those involved in space exploration can provide the satellites to monitor the Earth's fragile environments, and environmentalists can provide information on the survival of life in extreme environments. Q31. The Earth and Space Foundation was set up later than it was originally intended. Answer: Not givenIELTS Reading Marathon Part of the passage: The Earth and Space Foundation, a registered charity, was established for the purposes of fostering such links through field research and by direct practical action. Explanation: No mention of original intended date Questions 32-35 Q.32. What was the significance of the ‘novel approach’ adopted in the Guatemala project? Answer: C It showed that preserving the forests can be profitable. Part of the passage: ...the Foundation provided a grant to a group of expeditions that used remote sensing to plan eco-tourism routes in the forests of Guatemala, thus providing capital to the local communities through the tourist trade. This novel approach is now making the protection of the forests @ sensible economic decision. 33. GPS and satellite imagery were used in the Syrian project to Answer: A help archaeologists find ancient items. Part of the passage: A part of Syria - the Fertile Crescent’ - was the birthplace of astronomy, accountancy, animal domestication and many other fundamental developments of human civilisation. The Foundation heloed fund a large archaeology project by the Society for Syrian Archaeology at the University of California, Los Angeles, in collaboration with the Syrian government that used GPS and satellite imagery to locate mounds or tls’, containing artefacts and remnants of early civilisations. These collections are being used to build a better picture of the nature of the civilisations that gave birth to astronomy. 34. One of the purposes of the Foundation’s awards is to Answer: D establish the long-term continuity of its activities, Part of the passage: The Foundation will offer awards for expeditions further out in the solar system once these Mars awards have been claimed. Together, they demonstrate that the programme really has no boundary in what it could eventually support, and they provide longevity for the objectives of the Foundation. Q 35. What is the writer’s purpose in the passage? Answer: B to explain the nature of the Foundation's work Explanation: POE (Process of Elimination) it becomes clearer when you fully understand the passage that the author is not trying to persuacle people to support the Foundation (A), nor wants to show views on the Foundation have changed (C). Finally, the text does not talk about any criticism of the Foundation's work, and surely the author is not rejecting those early criticisms (D). Questions 36-40 36. Some studies have looked at how humans function in . situations. Answer: B extremeDay 21 Answer Keys Part of the passage: This may include the use of remote environments on Earth, as well as physiological and psychological studies in harsh environments. Q 37. In one project, it was decided to review cave explorers in Mexico who tolerate periods on their own. Answer: H extended Part of the passage: /n one research project, the Foundation provided a grant to an international caving ‘expedition to study the psychology of explorers subjected to long-term isolation in caves in Mexico. The psychometric tests on the cavers were used to enhance US astronaut selection criteria by the NASA Johnson Space Center. Q 38. It is also possible to prepare for space exploration by studying environments on Earth that are to those on Mars. Answer: A comparable Part of the passage: Space-like environments on Earth help us understand how to operate in the space environment or help us characterise extraterrestrial environments for future scientific research. Q.39. A huge crater in the Arctic is the .............. place to test the technologies needed to explore Mars... Answer: D ideal Part of the passage: The Foundation helped fund the NASA Haughton-Mars Project to use this crater to test communications and exploration technologies in preparation for the human exploration of Mars. The crater, which sits in high Arctic permafrost, provides an excellent replica of the physical processes occurring ‘on Mars, a permatrosted, impact-altered planet. Q40. and gather other relevant . information. Answer: G scientific Part of the passage: Geologists and biologists can work at the site to help understand how impact craters shape the geological characteristics and possibly biological potential of Mars.