ISLAMIC

ARCHITECTURE
Authorship + Disclaimer
This work is the property of
Ar. Robert Z. Salonga.
For questions, contact the author
rhobiesalonga03@gmail.com and
robertsalonga_03@yahoo.com.
Creative Commons
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 CONTENTS:

1. HISTORY
2. GEOGRAPHICAL
3. CLIMATE
4. RELIGIOUS
5. ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
 The Historical Architecture Timeline
HOA1

Pre-Historic Egyptian Near East Greek Roman Early Christian Byzantine

HOA2

Romanesque Gothic Renaissance Industrial Revivalist Modern Post-Modern

HOA 3

Islamic
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

The Historical Architecture Timeline

HOA1

Pre-Historic Egyptian Near East Greek Roman Early Christian Byzantine

HOA2

Romanesque Gothic Renaissance Industrial Revivalist Modern Post-Modern

Islamic
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

THE HISTORY OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE:

• building traditions of Muslim populations in the
middle east and any countries where Islam has been
dominant from the 7thcentury.
• mainly based on the Quran which serves as their bible.
• owes its origin to similar structures already existing
Roman, Byzantine andPersian lands which the Muslims
conquered in the 7th and 8th centuries.
• it was also influenced by Chinese and Indian
architecture as Islam spread to Southeast Asia.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

GEOGRAPHY
• Islam originated in Mecca and Medina at the start of the
7th
• Islamic leaders conquered Iran in 641 and in 642 Egypt
was under Islamic control.
• Eighth century: all of northern Africa, the Iberian
Peninsula (Spain and Portugal), India and Indonesia
became Islamic lands.
• The Muslims were stopped at France by their defeat at the
Battle of Tours in 732. Nonetheless, Islamic rule continued
on the Iberian Peninsula for nearly nine centuries.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

Geography
• Islam originated in Mecca and Medina at the start of the
7th
• Islamic leaders conquered Iran in 641 and in 642 Egypt
was under Islamic control.
• Eighth century: all of northern Africa, the Iberian
Peninsula (Spain and Portugal), India and Indonesia
became Islamic lands.
• The Muslims were stopped at France by their defeat at the
Battle of Tours in 732. Nonetheless, Islamic rule continued
on the Iberian Peninsula for nearly nine centuries.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

GEOLOGY
• Wooden architecture was mainstream.
• But as wood decreased afterward due to the aridification
of the Indian subcontinent, monumental edifices came to
be constructed of stone.
• Involved in the trabeated structure and the aesthetics of
wood would continue to persist in trabeation.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

• Use of brick or stonewere also implemented, inventing the

masonry structure of arch and dome since early in the
ancient age.
• Architects and craftsmen though gradually became versed
in the techniques of true arch and dome, and
consequently built mosques, madrasas (schools), palaces,
and caravanserais, using them freely.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

CLIMATE
• The first response to local climate is orientation in
reference to the sun or the wind.
• Pretty similar to what it had been for a thousand years
before that. Basically, dry and hot, and there was always a
shortage of water.
• The religious buildings with their orientation towards the
Mecca, and other sit imposed constraints, such as
orientation toward a view for defense purposes.
• The biomes of the Islamic empire is made up of the
temperate grasslands, savannahs, and shrub lands biome.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

• Closing and opening of doors and windows is done

judiciously, either to permit or inhibit circulation of air.
• The courtyard receives direct sun and at what time of the
day determines where and when maximum daylight and
optimum thermal comfort is available for people and plants.
• Buildings are predominantly closed to the outside in the
Islamic regions, shading elements on the facades play a
mirror role and visual screens act also as shades.
• Trellises and other devices such as sun-breaks became
primary design features not only for the preservation of
privacy, but also for sun protection.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

• Light can add a dynamic quality

to architecture, extending
patterns, forms and designs into
the dimensions of time.
• Water in hot climates, water from
courtyard pools and fountains
cools as it decorates. Water can
not only reflect architecture and
multiply the decorative themes, it
can also deserve as a means of
emphasizing the visual axis.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

RELIGION
• Date founded: A.D. 632
• Place founded: Mecca, Saudi Arabia
• Founder: Mohammed(born c.570), a
trade merchant from Arabia
• Adherents: 1.3 billion
• Size rank(religion statistics):
2nd largest in the world
• Main location: Middle East and
North Africa
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

RELIGION
• is a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion articulated by the Qur'an, a
religious text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of
God(Allāh)
• It is also based on the teachings and normative examples (called the
sunnah, composed of accounts called hadith) of Muhammad.
• Muslims also believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of
a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through
prophets including Adam, Noah, Abraham ,Moses, and Jesus.
• Religious concepts and practices include the five pillars of Islam, which
are obligatory acts of worship, and following Islamic law, which touches
on virtually every aspect of life and society, from topics ranging from
banking and welfare, to family life and the environment.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

• Islam began in the early-7th century. Originating in Mecca, it

quickly spread in the Arabian peninsula and by the 8th century
the Islamic empire was extended from Iberiain the west to the
Indus river in the east.
• Most Muslims are of one of two denominations: Sunni(75–90%)or
Shia(10–20%).About 13% of Muslims live in Indonesia, the largest
Muslim-majority country, 32% in South Asia, the largest Muslim
population of any region, 20% in the Middle East,[18]and 15% in
Sub-Saharan Africa. Sizable Muslim communities are also found in
Europe, China, Russia, and the Americas.
• Islam is the largest religion by number of adherents and,
according to many sources, the fastest-growing major religion in
the world.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

Mohammed,
The prophet of
Muslims
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

SPREAD OF ISLAM

MOHAMMED
DIED AND ISLAM
SPREADED •TO NORTH AND
•IN MECCA
WEST AFRICA
•IN 632 A.D.
•TO PALESTINE, •TO CORODOBA
EGYPT, PERSIA AND GRANADA IN
•SUNNIS AND SHI’S SPAIN AND ALSO TO
DEVELOPED SICILY ISLAM
ISLAM IS
EXPANDED TO
FOUNDED BY
AFRICA AND
MOHAMMED
EUROPE
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

• The main Islamic madh'habs (schools of law) of Muslim

countries or distributions:
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

THE ISLAMIC GOLDEN AGE

• refers to the period traditionally dated from the 8th
century to the 13th century when much of the
historically Islamic world was experiencing a scientific,
economic and cultural flourishing.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

TYPOLOGIES

MOSQUE CASBAH MADRASAH

MAZAR HAMMAM CARAVANSERAI

 MOSQUE
1. The Mosque
• Is a place of worship for
followers of Islam.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

The Mosque
• The home of the Prophet
Muhammad is considered the
first mosque.
• His house, in Medina in modern-
day Saudi Arabia, was a typical
7th-century Arabian style house,
with a large courtyard
surrounded by long rooms
supported by columns.
• This style of mosque came to be known as a hypostyle
mosque, meaning “many columns.”
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

The Mosque
• The home of the Prophet
Muhammad is considered the
first mosque.
• His house, in Medina in modern-
day Saudi Arabia, was a typical
7th-century Arabian style house,
with a large courtyard
surrounded by long rooms
supported by columns.
• This style of mosque came to be known as a hypostyle
mosque, meaning “many columns.”
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

The Mosque
• The home of the Prophet
Muhammad is considered the
first mosque.
• His house, in Medina in modern-
day Saudi Arabia, was a typical
7th-century Arabian style house,
with a large courtyard
surrounded by long rooms
supported by columns.
• This style of mosque came to be known as a hypostyle
mosque, meaning “many columns.”
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PERSONNEL
• Muezzin: caller who
summons the faithful to
prayer
• Imam: man who leads the
congregation at prayer
• Calipin: successor to the
prophet as military, judicial
and spiritual leader of Islam
 CASBAH
1. The Mosque
• A citadel or place for the
local leader to live and
defend when a city is
under attack
• sometimes were built on
hilltops so that they
could be more easily
defended.
• has high walls, usually
without windows
• Some were placed near
the entrance to
harbours.
 MADRASAH
1. The Mosque
• Usually refers to a
specific type of
religious school or
college for the study of
the Islamic religion.
 HAMMAM
1. The Mosque
• Is the Turkish variant of
the Roman bath, steam
bath, sauna, or Russian
banya, distinguished by
a focus on water, as
distinct from ambient
steam.
 CARAVANSERAI
1. The Mosque
• An inn with a central
courtyard for travelers in
the desert regions of
Asia or North Africa.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
• The concept of Allah's infinite power is evoked by designs with
repeating themes.
• Human and animal forms are rarely depicted in decorative art
as Allah's work is matchless.
• Calligraphyis used to enhance the interior of a building by
providing quotations from the Qur'an.
• Islamic architecture focuses on the beauty of the interior
rather than exterior spaces.
• Use of impressive forms such as large domes, towering
minarets, and large courtyards are intended to convey power.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

The 3 Fundamental forms used in Islamic art:

CALLIGRAPHY ARABESQUE GEOMETRY

 GEOMETRIC
PATTERN
• This patterns exemplify
the Islamic interest in
repetition, balance,
symmetry and
continuous generation
of patterns.
• The integration of
geometry with such
optical effects as the
balancing of positive &
negative areas, a skillful
use of color and tone
values.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

• Also known as the

“Islimi”.
• Biomorphic, floral
patterns representing
the underlying order &
unity of nature with a
great deal of accuracy.
• Flowers & trees might
be used as motifs for
the decoration of
textiles, objects &
buildings.
 ARABESQUE
• Also known as the
“Islimi”.
• Biomorphic, floral
patterns representing
the underlying order &
unity of nature with a
great deal of accuracy.
• Flowers & trees might
be used as motifs for
the decoration of
textiles, objects &
buildings.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

• Also known as the

“Islimi”.
• Biomorphic, floral
patterns representing
the underlying order &
unity of nature with a
great deal of accuracy.
• Flowers & trees might
be used as motifs for
the decoration of
textiles, objects &
buildings.
CALLIGRAPHY
• Like other Islamic
decoration, calligraphy
is closely linked to
geometry.
• The proportion of the
letters are all
governed by
mathematics,
inscriptions are most
often used as frame
along & around main
elements of a building
like portals and
cornices
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

• Also known as the

“Islimi”.
• Biomorphic, floral
patterns representing
the underlying order &
unity of nature with a
great deal of accuracy.
• Flowers & trees might
be used as motifs for
the decoration of
textiles, objects &
buildings.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
1. Mashrabiya -projecting window enclosed
9. Praying area hall -main area to perform
with carved wood latticework.
congregational pray.
2. Mihrab –semi-circular niche in the wall of
10. Arch -structure that spans a space while
a mosque that indicates the quibla.
supporting weight.
3. Sahn -a courtyard with the ablution area.
11. Iwan, Ivan(Persia) -open-fronted vault
4. Minaret -visual focal point and are used facing on to a court
for the call to prayer.
12. Bab -gateway
5. Dikka -a place of delivering royal message.
13. Harem -women’s private quarters of a
6. Dome -focal point and covering the prayer house or palace
hall.
14. Selamlik -men’s or quest’s quarters
7. Mimbar -raised platform for ceremonial
15. Kibla, Kible -axis orientated towards
announcements
Mecca
8. Muqarnas –stactite vault, Persian
16. Chatti(India) -Kiosk
architectural ornament.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

MINARETS
• Minarets or towers these were
originally used as torch-lit
watchtowers, as seen in the
Great Mosque of Damascus;
hence the derivation of the word
from the Arabicnur, meaning
"light".
• visual focal point and are used for
the call to prayer.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

BAB
• Islamic gateway, or entry
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

BAB
• Islamic gateway, or entry
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

ARCHES
• Arches are the structure
that spans a space while
supporting weight.
• The most important form
of opening was the pointed
arch which were principally
two and four centered.
• Primary arches used in
Islamic Architecture are
Keel, Horseshoe, Cusped,
Ogee.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

FOUR IWAN PLAN

• An iwan is a vaulted
space/porch that
opens on one side to a
courtyard.
• The iwan developed in
pre-Islamic Iran where
it was used in
monumental and
imperial architecture.
• Strongly associated with Persian architecture, the iwan continued
to be used in monumental architecture in the Islamic era.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

SAHN
• According to
their function
the courtyards
were cloistered
and arcaded and
the sides were
punctuated with
gateways, prayer
chambers or
arched
porches(iwans).
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

FOUNTAIN
• Central fountains used for
ablutions(once used as a wudu
area for Muslims).
• Wuḍūʾ-is the Islamic procedure
for washing parts of the body,
a type of ritual purification that
involves washing the hands,
mouth, nostrils, arms, head,
and feet with water, and is an
important part of ritual purity
in Islam.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

FOUNTAIN
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

FOUNTAIN
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

FOUNTAIN
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

MASHRABIYA
• projecting window enclosed
with carved wood latticework.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

DIKKA
• a place of delivering royal message.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PRAYER AREA HALL

• Main area to
perform
congregational
pray.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

KAABA
• Main area to
perform
congregational
pray.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

DOMES & CUPOLAS

EXAMPLES
 ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
DOME OF THE
ROCK
• The earliest architectural
monument of Islam that retains
most of its original form in
Jerusalem, constructed in 691-
92.
• It has been called "Jerusalem's
most recognizable landmark”,
and it is a UNESCO World
Heritage Site.
• It is the oldest extant Islamic
monument. The rock over which
the shrine was built is sacred to
both Muslims and Jews.
 ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
DOME OF THE
ROCK
• The Prophet Muhammad,
founder of Islam, is
traditionally believed to
have ascended into
heaven from the site.
• In Jewish tradition it is
here that Abraham, the
progenitor and first
patriarch of the Hebrew
people, is said to have
prepared to sacrifice his
son Isaac.
 DOME OF THE
ROCK
A. Holy Rock (Es Sakhra)

1. West door (Bab El Gharb)

2. Doors to Paradise (Bab Ed
Jenneh)
3. David’s Gate of Judgement (Bab
CLUNY’S ABBEY 4.
es-Silsileh)
South Door (Bab el Qibleh)
PLAN 5.
6.
Prayer Niche (Mihrab)
Slab w/c covers Solomon’s tomb
& into w/c Mohammed is said to
have knocked 12 gold nails.
7. Fingerprints of Archangel
Gabriel who is said to have held
back the rock when Mohammed
ascended into heaven
8. Footprint of a prophet
9. Steps to the fountain of Souls
(Bir El Arwah)
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

DOME OF THE ROCK

Jerusalem, Israel
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

DOME OF THE ROCK

Jerusalem, Israel
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

DOME OF THE ROCK

Jerusalem, Israel
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

DOME OF THE ROCK

Jerusalem, Israel
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

DOME OF THE ROCK

Jerusalem, Israel
 ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
HARAM MOSQUE
• Also known as the “Grand
Mosque of Mecca”.
• The largest mosque in the
world and surrounds Islam's
holiest place, the Kaaba.
• It is a site of pilgrimage for the
Hajj, which every Muslim must
do at least once in their lives if
able
• The Great Mosque is the
second largest building in the
world and has undergone major
renovations and expansions
through the years..
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM

1. Shahada
2. Salat
3. Zakat
4. Sawm
5. Hajj
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

KAABA(THE CUBE)
• Also referred asal-ka`bahal-
musharrafah (The Holy Kaaba)
• most sacred site in Islam
(baytAllah: House of God)
• to make
tawaf(circumambulation 7
times; counter-clockwise
direction
• Muslims face in the
Qibla(direction of the Kaaba)
while performing
Salat(obligatory daily prayers).
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

HARAM MOSQUE
Mecca, Saudi Arabia
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

HARAM MOSQUE
Mecca, Saudi Arabia
 IMAM REZA
SHRINE
• A complex which contains the
mausoleum of Imam Reza.
• It is the largest mosque in
the world by area.
• The complex contains a total
of Seven courtyards, with a
total of 14 minarets, and 3
fountains.
• The complex is one of the
tourism centers in Iran and has
been described as "the heart
of the Shia Iran“.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

IMAM REZA SHRINE

Mashhad, Iran
 HAGIA SOPHIA
• Formerly the “Church of the
Holy Wisdom”.
• A Greek Orthodox Christian
patriarchal basilica, later an
imperial mosque, and now a
museum.
• Famous in particular for its
massive dome, it is considered
the epitome of Byzantine
architecture.
• Designed by th greek Isidore
of Miletus and
Anthemius of Tralles
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

BASILICA OF HAGIA SOPHIA

Istanbul, Turkey
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

HAGIA SOPHIA
Istanbul, Turkey
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

HAGIA SOPHIA
Istanbul, Turkey
 ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
CAMLICA MOSQUE
• The largest mosque in
Turkey, that can hold 63,000
people and includes a museum,
art gallery, library, conference
hall, and underground parking
lot for 3,500 vehicles.
• Çamlıca Mosque was designed
by two female architects,
Bahar Mızrak and Hayriye Gül
Totu
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

CAMLICA MOSQUE
Istanbul, Turkey
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

CAMLICA MOSQUE
Istanbul, Turkey
 SULEYMANIYE ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE

MOSQUE COMPLEX
• better known as the mosque of
“Suleyman the Magnificent”.
• It is the second largest
mosque in the city, the city's
largest Ottoman-era mosque.
• Designed by the imperial
architect Mimar Sinan.
• The Süleymaniye was
damaged in the great fire of
1660 and was restored by
Sultan Mehmed IV.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

GREAT MOSQUE OF CORDOBA

Istanbul Turkey
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

GREAT MOSQUE OF CORDOBA

Istanbul Turkey
 ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
SULTAN AHMED
MOSQUE
• The Blue Mosque, as it is
popularly known, was
constructed between 1609 and
1616 during the rule of Ahmed I
• •Its Külliye contains Ahmed's
tomb, a madrasah and a
hospice.
• At night the mosque is bathed
in blue as lights frame the
mosque’s five main domes, six
minarets and eight secondary
domes.
 SHEIKH ZAYED ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE

MOSQUE
• The largest mosque in the UAE,
it is the key place of worship for
daily prayers, Friday gathering
and Eid prayers.
• The Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque
houses, the third largest
chandelier in the world.
• The 96 columns in the main
prayer hall are clad with marble
and inlaid with mother of pearl,
one of the few places where one
can see this craftsmanship.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

SHEIKH ZAYED MOSQUE

Abu Dhabi, UAE
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

SHEIKH ZAYED MOSQUE

Abu Dhabi, UAE
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

SHEIKH ZAYED MOSQUE

Abu Dhabi, UAE
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

SHEIKH ZAYED MOSQUE

Abu Dhabi, UAE
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

SHEIKH ZAYED MOSQUE

Abu Dhabi, UAE
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

SHEIKH ZAYED MOSQUE

Abu Dhabi, UAE
 ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
GREAT MOSQUE
OF CORDOBA
• Having an ecclesiastical
name is the Cathedral of
Our Lady of the
Assumption.
• Notable for its arcaded
hypostyle hall, with 856
columns of jasper, onyx,
marble, granite and porphyry.
• The structure is regarded as
one of the most
accomplished monuments of
Moorish architecture.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

GREAT MOSQUE OF CORDOBA

Granada, Spain
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

GREAT MOSQUE OF CORDOBA

Granada, Spain
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

GREAT MOSQUE OF CORDOBA

Granada, Spain
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

GREAT MOSQUE OF CORDOBA

Granada, Spain
 ALHAMBRA
• A palace and fortress
complex, quadrangular in
plan, with all the rooms
opening on to a central
court.
• One of Spain's major tourist
attractions, exhibiting the
country's most significant
and well-known Islamic
architecture, together with
16th-century and later
Christian building and
garden interventions.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

ALHAMBRA
Granada, Spain
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

ALHAMBRA
Granada, Spain
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

ALHAMBRA
Granada, Spain
 BADSHAHI
MOSQUE
• The second largest mosque in
Pakistan and the 7th largest
mosque in the world.
• Badshahi is the largest, and
last, of the grand imperial
mosques built by the
Mughals
• Aurangzeb's mosque's
architectural plan is similar to
that of his father, Shah Jehan,
the Jama Masjid in Delhi;
though it is much larger. it
also functions as an idgah.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

"MASJID ABUL ZAFAR MUHY-UD-DIN

MOHAMMAD ALAMGIR BADSHAH GHAZI
Lahore, Pakistan
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

BADSHAHI MOSQUE
Lahore, Pakistan
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

BADSHAHI MOSQUE
Lahore, Pakistan
GRAND MOSQUE
OF COTABATO
• Formerly the Sultan Haji
Hassanal Bolkiah Mosque
• The largest mosque in the
Philippines.
• It is also the 2nd largest mosque
in Southeast Asia.
• The Sultan Of Brunei, funded
the construction of this mosque
with his own personal money to
help the emerging Muslim
population in the Southern
Philippines.
• Designed by architect Felino
Palafox.
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

GRAND MOSQUE OF COTABATO

Cotabato, Philippines
 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

The Baptistery
• The cathedral’s
campanile, detached in
the standard Italian
fashion, is Pisa’s famous
Leaning tower.

GRAND MOSQUE OF COTABATO

Cotabato, Philippines
‫النهاية‬
Alnihaya (END)