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    6.2 Archimedes' Principle

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    Archimedes' principle states that the upthrust on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Relative density is the ratio of a substance's density to water's density, and can predict if it will float or sink in water based on whether its relative density is less than or greater than 1.

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    6.2 Archimedes' Principle

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    whatsnarcotics
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    Archimedes' principle states that the upthrust on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Relative density is the ratio of a substance's density to water's density, and can predict if it will float or sink in water based on whether its relative density is less than or greater than 1.

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    Physics Archimedes' principle

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    Archimedes' principle states that the upthrust on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Relative density is the ratio of a substance's density to water's density, and can predict if it will float or sink in water based on whether its relative density is less than or greater than 1.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views4 pages

    6.2 Archimedes' Principle

    Uploaded by

    whatsnarcotics
    Archimedes' principle states that the upthrust on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Relative density is the ratio of a substance's density to water's density, and can predict if it will float or sink in water based on whether its relative density is less than or greater than 1.

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    CSEC Physics/Section A - Mechanics/6.2 Archimedes' Principle

    6.2 Archimedes' Principle


    When a body is partially or wholly submerged in a fluid, it experiences an upthrust equal
    to the weight of the fluid it displaces.

    Credits: Course Hero

    F 1 = P 1 A = ρgh 1 A

    F 2 = P 2 A = ρgh 2 A

    upthrust = F net(upwards)

    = F2 − F1

    = P2 A − P1 A

    = ρgh 2 A − ρgh 1 A

    = ρgA(h 2 − h 1 )

    = ρgAh

    Recall that Ah = V solid


    :

    upthrust = ρgV solid

    = ρgV f luid (because V solid = V f luid )


    We also know that ρV f luid = m f luid :

    upthrust = m f luid g →the weight of the f luid

    displaced by the solid

    The relationship between Archimedes' principle and


    relative density
    Relative density (sometimes referred to as specific gravity) is the ratio of the density of a
    substance to the density of water. It is a dimensionless quantity (has no units).
    ρ substance
    relative density(ρ rel ) =
    ρ water

    If we let the volume of the substance and that of the water be V :

    ρ substance V
    ρ rel =
    ρ water V

    Mass is the product of density and volume thus:


    m substance
    ρ rel =
    m water

    Since the weight of anything is the product of its mass and acceleration due to gravity (g):
    m substance g
    ρ rel =
    m water g

    W substance
    =
    W water

    According to Archimedes' Principle, the weight of the water (the fluid being displaced) is
    equal to the upthrust:

    W substance
    ρ rel =
    upthrust

    The upthrust is the difference between the substance's weight in air and its weight in
    water:

    W substance(in air)
    ρ rel =
    W substance(in air)
    − W substance(in water)

    weight
    =
    apparent loss in weight

    Example
    The weight of a rock in air is 200 N and its weight in water is 80 N. What is the relative
    density of the rock?
    weight in air
    ρ rel =
    weight in air − weight in water

    200 N
    =
    200 N − 80 N
    200 N
    =
    120 N
    = 1.67

    This means that the rock is 1.67 times as dense as water. Since the relative density of the
    rock is 1.67 (greater than 1), it will sink in water.

    Relative density and buoyancy


    Buoyancy can be defined as the tendency of an object to float in a given fluid. We can
    use the relative density of a substance to predict its buoyancy:

    – When a substance has a relative density of less than 1, it will float in the fluid (liquid
    or gas). In other words, if a substance is less dense than the fluid we place it in, it will
    float.
    – When a substance has a relative density of more than 1, it will sink in the fluid. In
    other words, if a substance is denser than the fluid we place it in, it will sink.

    Mission details
    Study the table below and state which substances will float and those that will sink in
    water.

    Credits: ResearchGate

    Missions details
    Examine the table above and list which substance will float in any fluid.
    Relative densities can be used for comparing densities of substances

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