NAME: ………………………………………………………………………………………..CLASS…………………………….

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

Website: www. E-mail: deeperlifehighschool@yahoo.com

FIRST TERM: E- LEARNING NOTES

SUBJECT: VISUAL ART CLASS: SS1

SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK TOPIC

THEME 1:HISTORY OF VISUAL ART

1. Historical Foundation of Nigerian arts (200 BC-1900AD): (i) Nok Arts (ii) IgboUkwu Arts (iii) Ife Arts-
(Terra cotta, Bronze, Quartz casting),

2. Historical Foundation of Nigerian Art: (200BC-1900AD): (iv) Esie Soap Stone (v) Benin Art (vi) Tsoede
Bronze
3. Historical Foundation of Nigerian Art (vii) Wood carving e.g.Ekpa wood carving, Ekpo mask of Ibiobio and
Anangs, (viii)Ekoi/Ikom Monolith stones at Ikom L.G.A, Cross River State.
4. Museum and Art Galleries in Nigeria: (i) Definition of Museum (ii) definition of Gallery (iii) History of
Museum in Nigeria (iv)Types of Museum (v)Functions of Museum
(vi) Functions of Arts Art Galleries (vii) Location of Museum and art Galleries in Nigeria
THEME: INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL ART
5. Visual Arts: (Definition of Visual Arts (b) Classification of Visual Arts (Fine-Art, Applied Art (c) Function of
Visual Arts e.g. Utilitarian, Adverts, Aesthetics, Religious, Political, Symbols To educate.
6. Professions and Job Opportunity- (Graphic Designer (b) Industrial Designer (c ) Painter (d) Ceramic
Industry (e) Photography (f) Cultural Officer (g) Medical Illustrators (h) Investigative Illustrator.
7. Mid-Term Break
8. Visual Sense: (a) Dynamic of basic shapes, Basic Shapes of natural and manmade objects, Texture (b)
Nuances of colour on surfaces
THEME: TWO DIMENTIONAL DRAWING
9. Drawing: (a) concepts of lines (i )Types of lines (ii) Qualities of lines (iii) Functions of line (Demarcation,
Description of shapes ) (iv) Lines as patterns in nature (e) Lines as pattern in man – made objects.
10. Revision.
11. Examination.
WEEK 1

Topic:HISTORICAL FOUNDATION OF NIGERIAN ARTS 500 BC – 1900 AD.

CONTENT
a. Nok art
b. Igbo Ukwu Art
c. Ife Art

Introduction: Nigeria consists of many tribes, languages dialects with different

artistically rich culture which is reflected in the art of these different people.
Ancient traditional arts are expressed in various forms, e.g. stylized,naturalistic and
symbols such as ancestral spirits, and media used include wood clay, bronze stones
etc.

NOK CULTURE (ARTS)

1. Nok got its name from a small village “Nok” near Jema’a in Kaduna state close to
Jos plateau.
2. These art works represents the oldest sculpture tradition in Nigeria.
3. The first discovery took place in 1928 in a tin mining outfit around Nok.
4. Second discovery was in 1943 which the head “Jema’a” head at Tsauni such sites
are by name called situ, Teruga, Agwazo, Isaun, Odegi, Kagara South of Abuja.
5. In 1956, more terracotta heads were discovered at about eight metres inside the
ground near Jema’a, Katsina Ala, wamba in Benue state and old Abuja whose
figure suggests traditional worship items.
6. The Nok art is dated between 500 BC – 200 AD,through a radiocarbon
experiment.
7. Nok Art are mainly terracotta (i.e.) Fired or baked clay which was fired in a wood
fire.
8. Nok and was scientifically excavated by Bernard Fagg between 1945-1944.

Characteristics of NOK Arts

1. Nok sculptural human heads have ring like hair-do that are elaborated (i.e.) buns
hair styles.
2. The pupils of the eyes, nostrils, mouth are pierced represented by small holes.
3. The eyes in the terracotta heads are presented in form of a segment of acircle or
in a triangular form (i.e.) the use of geometrical shapes.
4. Some terracotta heads (bust) are adorned with strings pendants, heavy anklets,
bracelets and beads on their chests.
5. Nok culture is the oldest cultures in Nigeria
6. They are made up of terracotta fired or baked clay.
7. The figures are mainly naturalistic expression with individuals polished stones,
axes, ornament of iron and tins. Showing that the culture began between the
Stone Age and entered into the Iron Age.

Styles of the Art works

• Nok sculptural pieces are in Terracotta and a high technology was
exhibited in firing the works in their furnaces.
• Human figures from Nok are usually represented in stylized manner while
animal figures are highly naturalistic.
• There were sub- Styles which ranged from the semi- naturalistic to the
highly stylized sculptures.
• Their knowledge of the chemical ability to fire it is demonstrated by the
fact that many of these sculptures have survived in good condition for
over 2000 years.
• Flat stone and grind- stones used in grinding grain attest to the fact that
the Nok people were sedentary farmers
• There mode of dress couple with a fondness for personal adornment are
indicators that this society was very sophisticated.

EVALUATION

1. Briefly outline the story behind the discovery of the Nok art works.
2. State the styles of the art work
3. State of least five characteristics of the Nok art work.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT OBJECTIVE TEST

(1) Which art culture is the oldest culture in Nigeria (a) Igbo Ukwu arts (b) Benin
arts (c) lfe arts (d) Nok arts
(2) The first site discovered took place in a tin mining outfit around Nok in the year
___ (a) 1928 (b) 1879 (c) 1977 (d) 1920
(3) Nok culture is supposed to have existed between ___ to ___ (a) 400 BC – 300
AD (b) 500 BC – 200 AD (c) 300 BC – 200 AD (d) 600 BC – 400 AD.
(4) The Nok arts are mainly made of (a) Bronze (b) Brass (c) Terracotta (d) fibre
glass
 (5) One of these is not a characteristic of Nok arts (a) the pupils, nostrils, mouth
are pierced (b) some terracotta heads are adorned with beads, anklets, bracelets (c)
the human heads have ring-like hairdo (d) the Nok art works are made up of bronze

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. Read cultural and creative Arts made easy by Ibrahim Banjoko pages 205 –
206.
2. New Trends & Techniques of Arts by Oyedun Y.F pages 7-9.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

Give a detailed account of Nok culture

REFERENCE TEXTS

(1) New Trends &Techniquesof Arts for Junior Secondary Schools Book 3 First Edition by
Oyedun Y.F.

(2) Cultural & Creative Arts made easy Text book for school & colleges by Ibrahim-
Banjoko

Sub-Topic 2:Igbo Ukwu Arts 9th Century A.D.

Igbo Ukwu sculptures was discovered first in 1939 at Anambra in Igbo Ukwu and it
dates back to the 9th century AD, object found consist bronze cast by lost wax or
cireperdue method.

ThurstanShaw scientifically excavated the works dug up in 3 different sites namely

(1) Igbo – Isaiah
(2) Igbo – Richards
(3) Igbo – Jonah
These are three brothers of the Anozie’s family.

(1) Igbo – Isaiah: This site was discovered while Isaiah Anozie was digging a well in his
compound. Artifacts like bronze heads, ornamented bowls, staff heads and vessels in
form of snail shapes; roped decorated terracotta water pot.
 (2) Igbo – Richard: The discovery there was associated with EzeNri or priesthood
materials such as elephant tusks, highly decorated terracotta bowls, staff heads and
vessels, bronze objects and beads used in burying the deceased.

(3) Igbo – Jonah: The items found there represented a deliberant disposal of unwanted
object which may casting away of objects belonging to a dead person.

Characteristics of Igbo UkwuArts

(1) Igbo Ukwu art works are elaborately decorated with intricate design on them.

(2) The art works are mostly bronze

(3) The sculptures and ornament have detailed decorations of tiny pellets, relief spiral
decorations on pots and insect decorations on bowls and figures.

(4) The emphasis is mostly on vessels and containers.

EVALUATION

(1) What is the significance of the three Alozie brothers to Igbo Ukwu arts?

(2) State 3 characteristics of Igbo Ukwu arts.

SUB-TOPIC 3: -IFE ARTS 10th-11th Century A.D.

Ife is regarded as the cultural headquarters and the ancestral home of the Yoruba race of
Nigeria, Ife is in Osun state and the art works date back to the 19 th century A.D and are
mainly presented in three media namely terracotta, bronze and stone.

The German anthropologist/ethnographer Leo Frobenius dug up some terracotta in 1910.

Style of the art works

Ife art is a court art; (although Benin art is more pronounced as a court art than Ife art) the
Ooni of Ife controlled the art and artists. The bronze works show a control over the cire-
perdue process; the art works are realistic.

Characteristics of the Ife art works

 (1) The priestly kings were normally portrayed more than life size, elaborately dressed
with beads diadems on their heads and pendants on the chest.
(2) The animals represented in Ife arts are only in terracotta
(3) Ife figures have profuse scarification
(4) The works are naturalistic (i.e.) realistic in nature
(5) The art works are for kingly and shrine worship.

EVALUATIION

(1) Why is Ife art referred to as “Court Art”?

(2) State four characteristics of Ife arts.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

(1) The Igbo-Ukwa art works were dug from ___ sites (a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 3 (d) 4
(2) ____ scientifically excavated the Igbo Ukwu art works (a) Bernard Fagy (b) Leo
Fro Benius (c) Thurstan Shaw (d) The King
(3) In ____ art works emphasis is mostly on ___ (a) IgboUkwu – vessels (b) Benin –
vessels (c) Note vessels. (d) Ife – vessels
(4) _____ is the anthropologist/ethnographer that excavated the Ife art works (a)
Thurstan Shaw (b) Bernard Fagy (c) Leo Frobenius
(5) _____ art works are highly naturalistic/realistic in nature (a) Ife (b) Nok (c)
Benin (d) Igbo Ukwu.

WEEKEND ACTIVITY

(1) Give a detailed account on Igbo Ukwu Arts

(2) Give a detailed account on Ife culture
REFERENCE TEXTS

(1) Cultural and creative Arts made easy Text book. For secondary and Colleges by Ibrahim
Banjoko.
(2) New Trends and Techiques of Arts for Junior by Oyedun Y.F.

WEEK 2
TOPIC:HISTORICAL FOUNDATION OF NIGERIAN ARTS
ESIE SOAP STONE CULTURE

Esie is a Yoruba town in Irepodun Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria and it is
about 40 kilometers from Ilorinthe state capital. About 800 art pieces were discovered
around 1911 by Leo Froberbius a German archaeologist.

Characteristics of the Arts

(1) The sculptures are figures of men and women mostly sitting on stools or some
kneeling.
(2) Most of their wear elaborate coiffures
(3) The figures have facial marks of three horizontal lines between the eyes and ears.
Some have vertical lines or scarification on the face.
(4) Some figurines wear hats or gorgeous headdress with the beads around the neck or
waist.
(5) The sculptures are mostly made of soap stone.

SUB TOPIC TWO: BENIN COURT ARTS 1300 AD.

Benin art is famous for its artistic values and tradition has it that the art of bronze casting
was taught to the Benin artist by a caster from Ife.

According to the story, the caster was invited to Benin through the Ooni of Ife by Oba
Oguola at about AD 1280 to teach Benin craftsmen the art of casting ceremonial heads in
bronze and the Benin artist evolved the art into their own style.

WilliamFagg an archaeologist divided the history of Benin arts into

(1) First or Early period (13-16th centuries). This period witnessed thin sculptural heads of
reigning Obas.

(2) Second or Middle period 1501-1960. This period was noted for its evolution in style
from free standing sculpture to the relief of plaques for Obas use.

(3) Third or last period (17th-18th Centuries) this period was after the 17th century when
the standard of craftsmanship started until 1897 when the decline stepped in.

The British Punitive Expenditure

Benin had contact with the Portuguese in 1473 and in 1897, the Oba of Benin was deposed
by the British government due to political upheavals and during this period of war over
one thousand art works mostly bronze art works were looted and taken abroad. This war
was popularly called British Punitive expenditure.

The Benin art is called Court art because casting alone and bronze casters formed guild
around the Oba palace.

Characteristics of the art works

(1) The Benin art is highly technical and are memorial heads of Obas, noblemen and
warriors.
(2) The heads of Oba have high collar of beads extending to the chin.
(3) The arts have vertical marks on the forehead.
(4) The size of the head is highly exaggerated and the figures have short legs.
(5) The upper lips are slightly opened and the lips and nose are broad and thick.

EVALUATION
(1) Briefly state and explain various periods in Benin court arts.
(2) List four characteristics of Benin arts
(3) What type of art is practiced in ancient Benin kingdom?

Sub – topic three:TSOEDE BRONZE ARTS

Tsoede art are mainly bronze found among Jebba, TadeaGiragi of the Nupe people of
Niger state of Nigeria.
It dated around the late 13th and 14th century AD.
These works were brought down by Tsoede, the brother of the Atta of Idan who
travelled along the river Niger to found the Nupe kingdom.
The uses are for fertility and good fortune and are bathed by villages in the river to
ensure this effect.

CHARACTERISTIC OF TSOEDE BRONZE ARTS

(1) They are large figures of men and animals

(2) They are naturalistic and life size.
(3) They are the largest bronze cast and copper found in sub-sahara Africa from antiquity.

Evaluation
 (1) State the characteristics and life size
(2) They are the largest bronze cast and copper found in sub-Sahara Africa from
antiquity.

Weekend assignment objective test

(1) What year did the British punitive expenditure took place (a) 1979 (b) 1897 (c) 2012
(d) 1968
(2) ___ art is mostly referred to as court arts (a) Benin (b) Nok (c) Igbo Ukwu (d) Tsoede
(3) ____ found the Nupe kingdom (a) Atta (b) Idan (c) Tsoede (d) Niger
(4) The largest bronze cast in sub sahara is ____ arts (a) Tsoede (b) Benin (c) Nok (d) Igbo
Ukwu
(5) Which of the following culture have high collor of beads extending to the chin (a) Igbo
Ukwu (b) Benin (c) Nok (d) Ifen

WEEKEND ACTIVITY

(1) Give a detailed account of Benin arts

(2) Give a detailed account of Tsoede

REFERENCE TEXT

(1) Cultural and creative arts made easy Text book by Ibrahim Banjoko
(2) New Trends and Techniques of art for secondary schools book three by Oyedun Y.F.

WEEK 3

TOPIC:HISTORICAL FOUNDATION OF NIGERIA ARTS (WOOD CARVING)

Wood carvingis another age long art work in Nigeria, it is basically of subtractive
approach in making object.
Raw materials: Wood (Timber)
Equipment: axe, cutlass, chisel, carving tools adze, cramp etc.
Products:carved items in wood in African context include;(1) Decorated doors (2)
drum base (3) house posts, (4) mortar and pestle, (5) masks (6) sitting stools etc.

Sub Topic1
(1) Epa wood carving:Epa masks are made in the Ekiti State of Yoruba land.
During the cult festivals, young men who are being initiated to adulthood wear these
masks to test endurance. These masks are used to in cults to honor heroes and
ancestors. The masks weigh up to 30 kilogrammes.

(2) Ekpo mask of Ibibio and Anang

The Ibibio tribes are in the Akwa Ibom state of Nigeria. Their belief in deities
made them great in mask carving

Characteristic of the arts

(1) Their masks are usually decorative with abstract lines, cones cylindrical motifs in
wood.
(2) The mask faces are fiery, bearded and attached to the body by a thick neck.
(3) The mask is used at the outing of the Ekpo society from Ikot Ekpene.
(4) The masks symbolizes a special spirit

(3) EKOI MONOLITH STONES AT IKOM LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA CROSS THE RIVER
STATE

The Ikom monolithsis from cross river state of Nigeria. The works are traditionally
known as “Akwanshi” dated between 16 th – 20thcenturies. Ikom monoliths are stone
made sculptures. They represent the ancestors of the Ekoi people .

Characteristics of the arts

(1) The art works contains inscriptions known as “Nsibidi” – the only form of writing in
sub Sahara Africa.
(2) The sculptures are depicted decoratively in relief form on the basic conical shapes of
the stones.
(3) Emphasis is only on the head and the navel.
(4) The head is depicted in a V shaped cluin which represent pointed and twisted long
beard commonly worn by the Ntoons (priest chiefs).
(5) The art works are carved in hard stone mainly basalt, limestone and sand stone at
different villages in Ikom Local government area.
EVALUATION

(1) What is the function of the Epa mask.

(2) List 2 characteristics of Epa mask.

Evaluation Sub Topic 2 Ekpo Mask of Ibibio

(1) State two characteristics of Ekpo mask of Ibibio

(2) State the origin of Ekpo mask.

Ekoi Monoliths Evaluation

(1) Briefly explain Ekoi monoliths

(2) State four characteristics of Ekoi monoliths

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT OBJECTIVES

(1) Which art work lays emphasis on head and navel region? (a) Ekoi monoliths (b) Epa (c)
Nok (d) Benin
(2) ____ are works are carried in basalt, limestone and sand stone (a) Epa (b) Nok (c) Ekoi
Monoliths (d) Igbo Ukwa
(3) The only form of writing in sub-sahara Africa called “Nsibidi” is found on ____ art
works (a) Nok (b) Benin (c) Epa (d) Ekoi
(4) ____ masks faces are fiery, bearded and attached to the body by a thick nect (a) Ekpo
mask (b) Epa mask (c) Ekoi monolith (d) Nok artworks
(5) _____ mask are from IkotEkpene (a) Benin (b) Ekoi (c) Ekpo (d) Epa
(6) Which of the mask is worn for acrobatic display to show strength and endurance (a)
Epa (b) Ekoi monolith (c) Ekpo (d) Nok arts

WEEKEND ACTIVITY
Read cultural and creative arts made easy text book for schools and colleges. Ibrahim –
Banjoko pages 220 – 222.
Insert pictures of art works of various cultures.
 WEEK 4

TOPIC: MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES IN NIGERIA

Definition of Museum:
A museum is a building, a place or an institution used for collection, preservation and
display of artifacts, relics or other valuable cultural objects representing the history of the
people past or present or
A museum is an institution that collects and preserves valuable part of the cultural
heritage of the people.

HISTORY OF MUSEUM IN NIGERIA

The history of museum can be traced to the early 1930s, when Kenneth Cross Murray an
expatriate in Nigeria initiated the idea of establishing museums in Nigeria.
Another attempt was made by M.E.H. Duckworth in 1933 but all these effort proved
abortive until 1945.
In 1945, the first museum was established by Kenneth Murray and it hold the largest
collection of stone figurines (i.e.) Esie Museum.
Shortly after, the establishment of Esie museum, the first national museum was
established in 1952 in Jos with Bernard Fagg, as the Director.
In 954, Ife National Museum was established, in 1958 Lagos was established and known
was established in 1960. Knenneth Murray served as the national Director from 1963-
1967.
From 1980-1986 Dr Ekpo served as Director and Dr Ade Obayomi were appointed to serve
till 1990 and Dr Yaro Gella took over from him in 1991.

TYPES OF MUSEUM

SUB TOPIC 2

There are different types of museums and they serve various uses to individuals, groups
and the nation.
(1) Natural History Museum: This types of museum deal with objects from nature and
biological specimens like animal part, skeleton, plants, rocks etc.
(2) Historical Museum: historical museum holds items of historical value; it deals with
collection of artifacts.
(3) War museum: war museum is engaged in the collection of military hardware used at
particular periods of human development in warfare. E.g. Umuahia war museum in Abia
State.
(4) Industrial Art Museum: This museum is connected with preservation of the technology
generation and industrial development in a country for future generation to study.
(5) Folk Museum: Folk museum centers on items relating to the local ways, customs and
ethics of the people of a particular geographical location. E.g. legal tenders, garments.
(6) Aeronautic Museum: this museum is connected with collection and preservation of space
engines like air plane, rockets and satellites.
(7) Zoological Museum: This museum borders on collection, caring and studying varying types
and species of animals in specific geographical location.
(8) General museum: this museum is structured to incorporate various items from all other
museums (i.e.) they mixed items in the museum.
(9) Museum of modern arts:these types of museum borders on collection and preservation of
recent arts. It entails modern philosophy and concept of art; current motifs, forms and
ideas that constitutes the basis of such art works.
(10) Marine museum: this type of museum contains se creatures of varying types and species
(i.e.) sea shells, crab and fish etc.

FUNCTIONS OF MUSEUM

The functions of a museum are as follows:

(1) It preserves of the cultural heritage of a people (i.e.) the country’s antiquities.
(2) Museum is a good place for research activities. It provides and publishes journal,
cultural activities about art works and artist.
(3) Museums provides employment for some people in the country
(4) Museums are used to foster ethnic, national and international unity
(5) Museums serves as tourist centres and provides foreign exchange to the nation
(6) Museum promotes our cultural heritage and reminds foreign exchange to the nation.
(7) Museum spreads knowledge and pleasure to individuals, communities and nation at
large.
(8)Museum helps to inspire pride in people’s culture and maintain continuity from
generation to generation.

LOCATIONS OF MUSEUMS IN NIGERIA

 National Museums Year of Establishment Towns States
E1sie Museum 1945 Esie Kwara state
2 Jos Museum 1952 Jos Plateau state
3 Ife Museum 1954 Ife Osun state
4 Lagos Museum 1957 Lagos Lagos state
5 Benin Museum 1960 Benin Edo state
6 Enugu Museum 1998 Enugu Enugu state
7 Oron Museum 1958 Or Oron Akwa-Ibom state
8 Kano Museum 1960 Kano Kano state
9 Umuahia Museum 1970 Umuahia Abia state

S S/N STATE MUSEUMS TOWNS STATES

1 Owo Museum Owo Ondo state
2 Kaduna Museum Kaduna Kaduna state
3 Ibadan Museum Ibadan Oyo state
4 Argungun Museum Kebbi Kebbi state
5 OOdinani Museum Odinani An ambra state
6 Didi Museum Badagary Lagos state
Gong
7 Museum (OAU)Ife Osun state
O
8 Osogbo Museum School of Art Osun state
Osogbo
9 Ikon Museum Akwanshi Cross River
10 Gobiran Minaret Museum katsina Katsina state
11 GidanMakama’s Home Kano Kano state
12 Kantas Museum Argungun Kebbi state

Definition of Gallery
Definition: A gallery is a building or place where art works are displayed either
temporarily or permanently with the purpose of selling the products.
A gallery is basically a commercial centre for buying and selling of art works and
cultural items.

FUNCTIONS OF ART GALLERY

1. It serves as a showroom where different artworks are displayed.
2. It serves as a commercial outlet for artworks.
3. It serves as a reference point for young artists.
4. It also serves as a training ground for upcoming artists.
5. It promotes art and creativity.
 EVALUATION:
1. State 3 functions of art gallery.

LOCATIONS OF ART GALLERIES IN NIGERIA

1. Nike Gallery, Osogbo, osun state.
2. National Art Theatre, Iganmu, Lagos.
3. Terra Kulture, Victoria island, eti-osa, Lagos.
4. Beauty wall, central area, Abuja municipal, Abuja.
5. Osas Art Gallery, Benin city, Ikpobaokha, Edo state.
6. Casalinda hotel and Gallery Resort, Abuja municipal, Abuja.
7. Multipurpose Art Gallery, Moniya, Akinyele, Oyo state.
8. Anyi Art Studio and Gallery, Umuahia North, Abia state.
9. Kado Art Gallery, Abeokuta South, Ogun state.
10.Simplart Gallery, Ikorodu, lagos.
11.Aecoblizz Art Gallery, Woji, port-Harcourt, River State.
12.De Grace Concept, Ifo, Ogun state.
13.Armagric concept, IkotEkpene, Akwa-Ibom state.

EVALUATION

(1) Give the definitions of the following: (a) Museum (b) Art Gallery
(2) List and explain five (5) types of museum
(3) Briefly explain the history of museum in Nigeria
(4) State four functions of a museum
(5) Mention five art galleries in Nigeria.
(6) Name 2 national museums in Nigeria.
(7) Outline 2 state museums and the town located.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT OBJECTIVES

(1)The origin of museum in Nigeria can be traced to the year – (a) 1990 (b) 1930s (c)
1940s (d) 1960s
(2)Who initiated the establishment of museum in Nigeria? (a) Moses Abayomi (b)
EkpoEyo (c) Kenneth Murray (d) Ghana
(3)____ is basically a commercial centre for buying and selling art works and cultural
items. (a) museum (b) art works (c) art gallery (d) shops
 (4)One major function of a museum is _____ (a) sales (b) dancing (c) preservatives (d)
none of the above.
(5)These is an example of types of museums (a) marine museum (b) Kenneth Museum
(c) H.D Duckworth Museum (d) Ekpo Museum
(6)A place where artworks are displayed for sale and appreciation is known as__ (a)
theatre (b) gallery (c)museum (d) studio
(7) Natural Art Theatre is situated at ___ in Lagos. (a)oshodi (b) Iganmu (c) ikeja (d)
Igando
(8)War museum in Nigeria is located at__ (a)Umuahia (b) Zaria (c) Esie (d) Jos

(9)One of the following is not a national museum (a) Ife (b) Oron (c) Owo (d)Lagos

(10) Esie museum was established in __ (a)1945 (b)1978 (c)1960 (d)1954

ESSAY
1. Name 4 locations of gallery in Nigeria.
2. Mention 3 state museums in Nigeria.

WEEKEND ACTIVITY
Read cultural and creative art made easy Text book by Ibrahim Banjoko pages 225-227.

READING ASSIGNMENT
H.O BABATUNDE (1999) A Comprehensive Approach to Creative Arts for schools and
colleges. Page 9

REFERENCES

New Trends and Techniques of Arts for secondary schools book 3by Oyedun Y.F.
Cultural and creative Arts made easy Text book by Ibrahim Banjoko.

WEEK 5
SUBJECT:VISUAL ART
CLASS: SS1
TOPIC: VISUAL ART
 CONTENT:
1. Definition of Visual Art and Classification of Visual Art.
2. Functions of Visual Art.
Sub-Topic 1: DEFINITION and CLASSIFICATIONOF VISUAL ART
DEFINITION OF VISUAL ART
Visual Art is the branch of art which deals with conscious creation of visual and useful
objects through an expression of skill or imagination.
CLASSIFICATION OF VISUAL ART
Visual Art is sub-divided into Fine and Applied Art.
FINE ART is an aspect of visual art that is connected with practical expression of personal
feelings and emotion for beautification purposes. Further breakdown of fine art are:
Drawing, painting and sculpture.

a. Drawing is the art of using lines to express ideas on various surfaces like paper, walls,
canvas and wood.
b. Painting is the art of creating pictorial scene from either an event experienced or real life
studies of an area or people with the aid of brush or palette knife and color.
c. Sculpture is the art of producing solid figures either in clay, cement, wood, stone or iron.

Sub-Topic: APPLIED ART is the branch of visual art which deals with the creation of objects
that serve utilitarian purpose or have commercial value. This is further sub-divided into
ceramics, crafts, textile, graphics, metal works, photography, woodwork, printing and
architectural designs.
a. Ceramics is the art of producing hollow wares and other kitchen and household utensils
like pot, plate, jug, cup, beads, bricks, tiles flower vase and electric porcelains through the
use of clay.
b. Craft is art of producing useful and functional materials with ancient or modern skills and
knowledge through little or no technological assistance.
c. Textile is the art of producing colorful clothing materials through tailing, dying, batiking,
print making, weaving and creating patterns.
d. Graphics is the art that deals with advertising the production of logos, badges, handbills,
letter headings, posters, greeting cards, book cover, labels and packages.
e. Metalwork is the art of creating metal designs and ornaments like jewelries, earring,
bangles, pendants, necklaces, anklets, medals and trophies.
f. Photography is the use of still camera to record creative observations, images, objects and
scenes.
g. Wood workit deals with furniture for both home and public uses.
h. Printingis the art of making impressions of words and images on surfaces with hand or
heavy machines.
i. Architectural design is the drawing and painting of plans for use in their various
projections.
EVALUATION
1. Define applied art
2. Name 3 branches of applied art.
Sub-Topic 2: FUNCTIONS OF VISUAL ART
a. It serves as s means of expressing our emotions.
b. It is used to beautify ourselves, home and environment.
c. It serves as a means of communication within individuals, local and international
communities.
d. Art works are used for religious purposes.
e. It serves as a means of advertising and promoting goods and services.
f. It serves as a means of livelihood.
g. It serves a means of educating students at schools.

EVALUATION
1. Outline 3 functions of visual art.

READING ASSIGNMENT
H.O Babatunde (1999) A Comprehensive Approach to Creative Arts for schools and
colleges. Pages 223-228

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Objective Test
1. The branch of art which deals with conscious creation of visual and useful objects through
an expression of skill or imagination is called __ (a) film show (b)visual art (c)liberal art
(d)performing art
2. ___ is the art of using line to express ideas on flat surface (a) textile (b) craft (c)sculpture
(d)drawing
3. ___ design is the drawing and painting of plans for use in their various projections
(a)architectural (b)graphic (c) textile (d) basic
4. ___ is a lithographic approach to making marks on paper by pressing it with inked type (a)
graphics (b)printing (c) woodwork (d) craft
5. ___ is the art of creating metal designs and ornaments like jewelries, earring, bangles,
pendants, necklaces, anklets, medals and trophies (a)photography (b) metal work (c)
ceramic (d)architectural design
Essay Questions
1. State 4 functions of visual art.
2. Name and explain the branches of fine art.

WEEK 6
SUBJECT: VISUAL ART
CLASS: SS1
TPOIC: PROFESSIONS AND JOB OPPORTUNITIES

CONTENT:
a. Graphic designer
b. Industrial designer
c. Painter
d. Ceramics Industry
e. Photography
f. Cultural Officers
g. Medical illustrators
h. Investigative Illustrator

GRAPHIC DESIGNER
This is the artist that produces materials that carry commercial information in public
places. These include products like logo, billboard, greeting cards, design on vests etc.
Graphic designers can work in advertisement industries.

INDUSTRIAL DESIGNERS
They are responsible for the production of package design, labels and trade mark for large
production industry
PAINTER
He creates pictorial scenes. He produces portrait and life painting.
CERAMIC INDUSTRY
This is the production of wares like toilet W.C. breakable plates, bottles for soft drinks,
jugs, electric porcelain, tiles, wash-hand basin, ceramic roofing sheets etc
PHOTOGRAPY
This is the art of recording interesting events, images and scenes with still camera.
Photographers are employed in Newspaper houses and advertising companies.
Photography can be studied in colleges of technology or learnt at home from
professionals.
CULTURAL OFFICER
This is a curator in a museum who takes care of artifacts. He is responsible for the
preservation and care of museum collections. He attends to and educates visitors about
things in the museum.
MEDICAL ILLUSTRATORS
They are artists that produce graphic charts showing the reproductive system, respiratory
system, digestive system and other internal and external structures of different organisms
used in medical centers and institutions.
EVALUATION
1. Write short note on the following
a. Ceramic industry
b. Graphic designer
c. Cultural officer
READING ASSIGNMENT
Charles G.T Omuaru (2002) Groundwork of Visual Art, A source Book pages 140-149
Bayo Okunlola et al (2009) Bounty Press Cultural And Creative Arts for the JSS 3 Pages
47-50

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Objective Test
1. A person who creates pictorial scenes is known as (a) sculptor (b) carver (c) painter(d)
driver
2. The artist who takes care of artworks in the museum is known as (a) archeologist (b)
playwright (c) artiste (d) curator
3. The art of recording interesting scenes, images and events with still camera is known as
(a)photography (b) drawing (c) lithography (d) printing
4. The artists who produce graphic charts showing the reproductive system, respiratory
system, digestive system and other internal and external structures of different
 organisms used in medical centres and institutions are known as__ (a)painter
(b)cartoonists (c)medical illustrators (d)cultural officer
5. The production of wares like toilet W.C, breakable plates, bottles for soft drinks, jugs
and electric porcelain are the products of __ (a) bricklaying (b) industrial design (c)
ceramic industry (d) photography

Activity
1. Visit any photographic studio to learn the procedures in photography.

WEEK 7 MID-TERM BREAK

WEEK 8
CLASS: SS1
SUBJECT: VISUAL ARTS
TOPIC: VISUAL SENSE

CONTENT:
(1) Dynamics of basic shapes in every object;
(i) Basic shapes of natural and manmade objects,
(ii) Dynamics of colors on every object.
(iii) Texture.
(2) Nuances (Shades) of color on surfaces

Sub Topic 1: Dynamics of basic shapes in everyobject

(i) Basic Shapes of natural and man-made objects. It is the perception of

movement in shapes. Cylinder or bottle, cone or bucket etc.Basic natural
shapes are shapes created by nature. They are not man-made objects. e.g.
Shells, Stones, cowries, leaf etc.

Basic man-made shapes are shapes produced or made by man. Examples of man-
made shapes are: Triangle, Rectangle, Square, Circle, Rhombus, Trapezium Cylinder
etc.
 (ii) Dynamics of colors; all objects having more than one color because they reflect the
colors of object around them.
(iii) Texture; Texture is the surface feel of an object. Texture has plastic values as well as
decorative values

Loud texturesi.e. those made up of strong contrasts of tone, color or patternadvance in

nature while that of quiet textures recede in nature.

Sub Topic 2. Nuances of color mixture on surfaces of objects

Nuance came from the French word Nuer, meaning ‘to shade’. In painting, color comes in
different shades. When black is added to a color in painting, it is referred to as shade
while the addition of white is often referred to as tint. The interplay of color shades in
painting creates solidity and attraction.

EVALUATION

1. State examples of natural shapes

2. State examples of man-made shapes
3. What is natural shape?
4. What is man-made shape?
5. What is texture?
6. Explain the meaning of SHADE in painting.

WEEK 9

SUBJECT: VIUSAL ARTS

CLASS: SS1

TOPIC: TWO DIMENSIONAL DRAWING.

CONTENT: (a) concept of lines

i. Types of lines
ii. Qualities of lines
iii. Functions of lines
iv. Lines as patterns in nature
v. Lines as pattern in man-made objects
Sub- Topic 1:

i Types of lines
ii Qualities of lines
iii Functions of lines

TYPES OF LINES

1. Vertical line
2. Horizontal line
3. Diagonal line
4. Wavy line
5. Spiral line
6. Zig-zag line
7. Vibrating line

1. Vertical line suggest stability ,austerity,dignity

2. Horizontal line suggest calm, repose, immobility

3. Diagonal line suggest instability, movement,action

4. Wavy line suggest grace, joyousness, youth playfulness

5. Spiral line suggest genesis,generative force

6. zig-zag line suggest excitement, animation, anger

 7. Vibrating line suggest nervousness, shyness, timidity

QUALITIES OF LINE

1. Thick
2. Thin
3. Heavy
4. Light
5. Rigid
6. Flexible

FUNCTIONS OF LINE

1. Line is used to construct objects

2. Line can be used symbolically to express movement.
3. Line is used to suggest mass or solid form of an object
4. Line is used to indicate roundness, depth and texture
5. Line is used to express the gestures of life and describe the significance of events
according to their structure, character and movement .

EVALUATION

1. Mention FIVE uses of line

2. State FIVE qualities of line
3. Mention FIVE types of line

Sub- Topic 2

1. Lines as pattern in man-made objects

2. Lines as patterns in nature

Lines as pattern in man –made objects

1. Electric Power line

2. Railway line
3. Steel frame work
4. Structure of buildings
5. Structure of Bridges
6. Structure of Fences

Lines as patterns in nature

1. Woodland (trees without leaves)

2. Lines on Animals e.g Zebra.
3. Skeleton of animals
4. Veins in leaves
5. Palm fronds
6. Water falls
EVALUATION

1. State Five lines as pattern s in nature

2. State FIVE lines as pattern in man- made objects.

GENERAL EVALUATION

Objective Test

1. One is not true of types of line.

A. Vertical line B. Horizontal line C. Mechanical line D. Diagonal line
2. What does Vertical line suggest?A. Stability and Dignity B Repose and Calmness C.
Movement and action D. Grace and playfulness

3.What does Diagonal line suggest? A. youth playfulness, grace B. austerity anddignity C.
movement, action D. repose, immobility

4. Quality of line includes all except_______ A. Thick B. Flexible C. Shining D. Thin

5. All are functions of line except_________ A. Line is used to construct object B. Line
can be used symbolically to express movement.C. Line is used to indicate roundness,
depth and texture D. Line isused for weeding on the farm.

6.Line as pattern in man –made objects include all except. A. Electric power line B.
Railways line. C Structure of buildingD. Structure of water.
EssayQuestions
1. Mention FIVE uses of line
2. State FIVE qualities of line
3. Mention FIVE types of line
4. State Five lines as pattern s in nature
5. State FIVE lines as pattern in man- made objects.

WEEK 10 REVISION

WEEK 11 EXAMINATION