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v Introduction :

The intricate dance of life at the molecular level is the common thread connecting the two
intriguing sciences of biochemistry and biotechnology. They investigate the chemical
mechanisms that underlie the fundamental makeup of living things, delving deeply into the
microscopic world.
Biochemistry and biotechnology are fast expanding sciences with numerous applications in
pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, agriculture, and environmental research. By studying
these disciplines, you will obtain significant research, analysis, and problem-solving abilities
that will be useful in a number of vocations.As students complete their biochemistry and
biotechnology degree they have a dynamic and ever expanding job market with numerous
exciting caqreer opportunities.

v Biochemistry:
The study of biochemistry helps to understand the fundamental
components of life, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and
lipids. It looks at how these molecules work together, how they
coordinate metabolic processes, and how these processes
eventually translate into the characteristics of living beings.
Imagine looking inside a cell and seeing the remarkable dance of enzymes Figure 1: Biochemistry
that catalyse reactions, the graceful replication of DNA, and the astounding
intricacy of gene expression.
Biotechnology :
Biotechnology is the use of biology to develop new products, methods and organisms
intend to improve human health and society. utilises this understanding of
biochemistry to create useful applications. It's similar to utilising life as a
blueprint to create answers for different problems.
Biotechnology appears to have boundless possibilities, ranging from
manufacturing vaccinations and life-saving medications to developing
sustainable biofuels and biomaterials. Consider bioremediation of
contaminated ecosystems, genetically modified crops to address food
shortages, or even modifying microbes to make useful chemicals.
Figure 2: Biotechnology
v The Relevance of Biochemistry and biotechnology :
Two closely linked sciences that greatly influence our daily lives are biochemistry and
biotechnology. Biotechnology is the application of these scientific discoveries for practical
uses, whereas biochemistry is the study of chemical processes that take place within living
organisms. The ultimate result of biochemical discoveries is biotechnology, which makes it
possible to use the identified biochemical processes for technological purposes or, more
effectively, to use biotechnical methods to watch and analyse in situ.
Biotechnology and biochemistry have a symbiotic relationship. Because biochemistry reveals
the mechanics underlying biochemical processes, technology 1 can then be applied, laying
the groundwork for biotechnology. Technology, once developed, may then make it
possible to make further biological discoveries. Enzyme utilisation in industry, for
instance, is a well-known example of a biochemical process that may be used in
biotechnology and may provide a highly effective and ecologically friendly substitute for
conventional chemical synthesis.
Biochemistry and biotechnology are closely related fields. Knowledge of biochemical
processes is necessary before applying them to technology, and once technology is produced,
it may subsequently lead to further discoveries in biochemistry .

Figure 3 : The relevance of biochemistry and biotechnology


v Uses and applications of biochemistry and biotechnology :

Biochemistry and biotechnology are two closely intertwined fields that play a crucial role in
various aspects of our lives.Here a glimpse into their uses and applications :

§ Biochemistry :

• Food Science : Biochemists research ways to develop


abundant and inexpensive sources of nutritious foods,
determine the chemical composition of foods, develop
methods to extract nutrients from waste products, or invent
ways to prolong the shelf life food products.
• Agriculture : Biochemists study the interaction of
herbicides with plants. They examine the structure – activity
relationships of compounds, determine their ability to inhibit
growth, and evaluate the toxicological effects on surrounding
life.
• Genetic Engineering : Techniques to alter the chemistry
of genetic material (DNA and RNA), to introduce these into
host organisms and thus change the phenotype of the host
organism. Nucleic acid blotting techniques (DNA, RNA and
protein can be detected by blotting techniques) Nucleic acid
blotting is a well–established technique for locating a
genomic region, gene, or other sequence of interest from a
complex mixture of DNA or RNA.
• DNA Sequencing : DNA sequencing is the process of
determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA
molecule. It includes any method or technology that is used to
determine the order of the four bases – adenine, guanine,
cytosine, and thymine – in a strand of DNA. The advent of
rapid DNA sequencing methods has greatly accelerated
biological and medical research and discovery. Example :
Human genome project is possible only due to DNA
sequencing methods.
• Polymerase Chain reaction : The polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) is a scientific technique in molecular biology to
amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across
several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions
of copies of a particular DNA sequence.[1]
§ Biotechnology :

• Medicine and Healthcare: The usage of recombinant DNA


technology has given rise to the production of multiple treatment methods,
vaccines, and therapeutic drugs.These drugs are highly effective, can be
mass-produced, and are safe. They have helped in treating multiple disease
conditions. These drugs help in solving the problems of humankind
better.Biotechnology is also used in multiple gene therapies. This is
especially useful in the treatment of genetic disorders. Early intervention
can help in preventing major disorders.Several testing technologies also
use biotechnology, and ELISA and PCR are common examples.

• Antibiotic: Biotechnology is also used for antibiotic production. It has


helped further the research and production of several antibiotic drugs and
made the treatment of several diseases possible. Antibiotics are genetically
engineered by biotechnology. This is a very cost-effective method and can
be mass-produced. Antibiotics present an important note on biotechnology.
• Plant Breeding : Another gray area that the application of
biotechnology has explored is selective breeding. Selective breeding is the
practice of introducing desirable traits in a plant. The resulting offspring
has all the added desirable traits. Biotechnology has given rise to plants
that are resistant to disease and are easy to grow, and highly profitable

Forensic Science : Biotechnology plays a significant role in forensic


science through DNA Analysis,aiding in criminal investigations,identification
of individuals and paternity testin
Industrial Application : Biotechnology is also widely used in
industries to produce various enzymes, paper, pulp chemicals, and textiles.
It uses microorganisms for cell components like enzymes to produce food,
chemicals, detergents, paper, biofuels, and biogas. It is efficient and takes
care of the environmental impact of industries. This is a basic
biotechnology product application.Another great example of industrial
biotechnology is the development of biocatalysts. Another example of the
application of biotech is the fermentation that is carried out in the industry.

• Biodefense : Biotechnology is crucial in the development of vaccines


for preparedness against potential bioterrorism threats. [2]

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