rAOt

Chak Coil
A cheke Cail i-SImbly anlnouh
ohich t3 wsed to hedu
Coithlarge nductance
Curseo o AC. Cirul totho uchdostofEne

The cookin o/ chokecoi I2 o o on the fa

based

thal cohen A.cflouos fhsvugh lnaluebr,cur

laqs behind t h e gMf by a phase Qngleof T/a d

Toues in ao A.C. Circul

The Jale al cobich elecdne
elec/ne chf1z_called
eney I Consvmed in an
sooe
Kel E Easin.cofbetheAlleynahog EMf abplied n
a cirmuud Coniaunz_ASR tnsesiesna
hed TIS1nlcot Pp)he theAH fepnalng Current
coth bhase oliflepence i n to hich votlage e deads
the Cunfent7

The Insfantaneous owes igven by

P-ET
Pe Ea Te Stoco Siolcot-9

UrSnd Gsint C.(n-s)-aslnre)

 P Cos4Cos(cot£]|
A ouoes odissipaded Ao e To le-Ce(Rot 9)
e r Cde

The Second Cosae tegm (Cs (nd- iz hne clehenlen

oa TigAyoveg a cecle iz Kepon1n
LAvq Eo To Cos cp EeI Ce

PAg (pms Lms Cos

Cicwt:
Cos d 3 koooo as Booeractor q

Cos Avg PAM Tzue Pooes

PzassApbatent owe
PRMS
Taueboiou Abhareni foay
a owefachr

Specia Cose
Coofan Onl nadur, heo e 11/2
Ickt
Cos aEO
Pavg
Consuwmed 1n CajeoA.e Jloe
No oLoe I3
huhbupe ncluebr

efa.
o

cicu Codainz Onl Capachr, theo

Cos o.
 Thushe avpou2es Consumed I0a caha A..
ouey a complete cyle tpepo

aJhen cinuil cenlaingOnly (fes1chn, thrns ,

Cos O
Pay SrmsX4mt

MaxDooeg ia Coosumed io apupe Kericfanr

fowesacha
T iz the hahe othe frur oes
he abpajcot poLoe al on Q.e Ciccuil.
Tia ualue Uaie dAom 0 to 1
The boo fachcof Seg tes dek eireurl s
Cas _K os p

Jalatiless eurrend
he ciisent o ac. leiedls
Said m be coaHless_ihe average pooes Consume
o circuut ls Kejo

Average owe Assacialed coth a hes1sh

n case_af buje eishrthe Uoltage eurrent
aje
aloay inSame phase.
S, hJL
V VoS1not be he nstantoaewu VolHage
T SiOLotube fhe_lstontaoeeus Corens
 So 9 -Cos6
DATE
PAGE

ork clone o smalllime di col be

d : P, dI

alll = Vo Io S1o co ol

The Aygpowe olissibatec pey cycle to he Kesise

l l be
Pa
TAY VoTo 1-Coseot dt
T

PaY VoIo_4-Sndot
T

VoToT-O /oLo V.
T

PaY /Vl/I PaYamLauo VR

R_

Energy Storec tn Imduchr c

Jnlhen a o lnoucwr 1z Cpnnected to a_Sousce ojem
he Curreni slariz gioueng thmugh i1. An indueed
EM _set ub in he Inolttewr uahich ohpases the 4rowth
oCuent fhmugh H.
The txieenal Soufcehas to xpend epery tn buildio2
the cuzent thoygh Inducor asainsl induceel EME
ienergy shrroinhe Jnglucor as maqnehs Jheld
ene
 DATE
PAGE

ketI b e#he curept mughnduchrk al any

insiani
heinde
The Curreni Aises at hr Aale dildB,so he indu

Te blork_done _agaist he nducecl gMA 1nSmal

d l Pdt CI dt t k d l Iolt

Tplal lalark done ta huilding ufs the Curren1na

Oto I is
N:dl
Thia_lalork done_t shoreal ag he magnehJreld
enera Uio he lndeuh

oerAssociale blth lnduubr

lhen A.c.ia abhlied do on iodealloduehor,current
Lags behnol the Voltoge in phase_by jacdian.
So
V= Vo Sn cot T: Io S1otwt-ya)
To Sin -cot

I I. Cosco1
 DATE
PAGE

Jalork clone in Small tme ol ts

alN: Pdl Vo To 9inot Corcot eld

E -VoTo S1ndcot di
The Av powes odiss1pates bes cyele in the hehuhe
TAv ds

AN Volo Sindatd!
T
[A Vo To Cosdut Vo To
T doJontrili4TL T

AL

ATu ATo
A0
Nole Tbe Avq. pooe oliss1baied pe cyede in an hatuebr
i_Zejo.4
The Aupouae oliss1paled pes cyel io en aLache
iKeg
nem Stoned lp bactmr
Considleg_a cahacihs
a cabacitanceC. Subpose fhe lisblacemeot olcharye
9 om oDe blade to anofhej
-set uh a pofeoba
V 6lothe blaterhen

el oqbe the small Adsshanal eharge dishlocedmm

lOne plade b anothey,
 DATE
PAGE

|Then lork done i dal Vdg 1d,

Tolal lalork olone in dirplacioga cha 2om
One blale sv another i

JWdW
C

This eneyr shred as the 2lechmstabe eoer3,

iohe Capacm
Lev

4 - Oscillator
alben a
_charged cabacikr iz allouwed a
olischarge hmugh a niD-Zcsthve nduechr, elecdical
scillahon of constont Ampuude and
frequency aje
mduced These oscillathons_ase CalledA--Oscullahon
C

Ug Ue

I20

Ug

e) C)
(G
OaEeedical Coerg
Ug Magnehs Ëoy
 DATE
PAGE.

CA)Cabacitarcoh_Inha charge 9_connecded o Ldeal Indachr

The elecdmcal enerqz stored to ehargeod
Ue toa Asheze ig no cuhseot to thecapachor rs.
cki, he Enerqz
Stored in the magnehc eld op the loductor is Kejo.
CBAsckiiz closed, the capacthr begnfo clischarge sell-
HHxough Ineuetor, causID2 a eujscoi Z As curreni
nereaseslt build eup moansta elol asaunol Inoluctr
A bari al Electieal enere al eapacitor aeds Atoeol
Lin he lnoductor ioJorm o Magoehc
Zoey s ALA.
A adader siage, the cabacitr geks Jullaischared
Poienhal diL acros plale become Zezo, The Clurreni
eaches max value 2the Enerey soed to Magnchc
telo g_a
the enie elkdasdabe en of the cabacshan has
been convefedinh magnehepelseDeE e/he notuhr
()Ates, the olischarge o he eapacior ip Complee,the
magneheJlur ioked co1th Indutorrodecreaser tnducii
a uyacnd io Ssame drekon (henz laial asthe earhes
Cyjeod
The Cus3eod thuu bersikfz,thouqh twth decreasiD
Maqntkude and charge fhe caßacimr in the osb.dn
TThe maqnebc energy e/ the nolucorbeqins o chao1e
tntoeectmstah epery ehe capacutor
(EThepm cess Contioues All he cahacitor iz Jully charge
B polasiBy a cahauhrgd chanjed co.n Inihal.
Ius fhe Enhre energy
iz agaun shored as e J4C in_
heelecdnc ueld oj he casai br
****
 PAGE

CE)Thecabacitor begins do dlisehare againSeoclin he

Curpent Jn obp. dirckon. The eneNIOnce again
franslesed do fhe Magnehe helol o the
Inouch
Thuhe pwcess q eaeatsd bul tn opboside
olirechen and cireuit ietusna do the tmihal 3tade,

So,the energy olsysiem Con Surgesback orth

bluo -he eleciisield the capacutor_ano magnek
ield e lnduckon
This pmduces_elecsacad Oscillatrons ola odelinile
e Thseiaje Caleol Osuillahenc

Nole These uz Do loss o Enery and he amblitucle o

h eOscillatonsAuch ascillatons ae called ondomhe
sc)llabons
Ampl,
V UVUU Time

H&-C scilahoDL aje_lIsually damheod Why 2

Evey Inoluchr bas Same 2e8Istance, Thiz Calue enerp

oss osbeat The Amputude el oscillahonz goes opn
aleereazin9 Ond Osellatoninall, oltesSul
(3)Even ithe esirfaneet Kejo, he tala/ enerqya -
he Sysiem_wDuld Doi hemainconstanz. TizHadia
auway in he Jorm of elecdapmagnebc Coave-
 DATE
PAGE

Jxanslorme ds
TIz ao Electital oleuice cused Jor conver
hng an AHey nahins curreod osdow vollgge tnb ha
al biah Ualdg9e or ice rsa
4neease the Ipul Uolta9e Hip_calles/ Step-ep-
dronsorme.
H olecrease fhe mbd Vollaqe,i a called Slef-
Doron translomes,

To load
A.
avme
aminald n bne

Painsiple
T worka onthepinciple o tJutual Inolueh
ion i.ecwhen a chargn curreod iz pascealhough-
one atuoo natuehve Coupled Cohl,aD Índeceol
eme iaisd up in dhe othej c a l a l i n a
22
Consduchon
A dranslorme consisi ol tuoo
collao
insulaled cobbej_wire baving olegend Dvmbegt of
Huzozand coounds onhe `ame solt lmnCore.
The CoilPo tobieh eleciric energy is Subhled 1s
Calles Phimary 4the coil Jiom ushieh enerjy 2
olgauonon outbu is called Seconslo

To preed Ener9y loss due to Eddy Current, a daminased

core ig used. be cause ofhigh ey meab1uty s 0 1
llron, the endire magneh u due tr cuysend in the
 DATE-

PAGE.
hemains in he laone o r e
pimary coilpmachcally seconalasy?
4hence Basses Jully fhm ugh h e

Aype o Armo1ementp aje genesally

eus
ed Jor
pimasy anod Aeèbndasy Coil io tm
LOInolin9 a
orme
CA) Core 1ybe
Tn this pimary Second
Coils age wovnd on sebegale mbs
lalthe eail core Sohalthe coe ia_largly Sujg onded
by the coil. Man Madejn danzJormei of his 1 y -

E Shell4pe
Tothiabnmasy Seeond
Coilp
a j e toound One Ovweg_aDothes
onhesame Limk ofhe /Dn Cone

lorking
AsA.cloop hDugh
h e nmary, ilgener
ades ap allenahng maqpebePlun ip he Core_ohch
also bassel fhrough h e secopolasy
This changinque sefs cup an toduceo em/in the
Secondlas,alsoaselLInelutros em/ in the bumoy

dede AeN_be Ptre Dool tugna in þnmar

Secondlary onil 4esbechvel
Ep4 Es EMEaCTospimasy fSkcondasy
agnehe un enked corth pmmalf
Sec
 DATE.

PAGE

Acc. oaradayhlaio o eMI

- Ap d¢ O- -Nde3
E Ne
E
N s s2KK
N

K Taanslormabenh a b
CASL For Sieb- UP franslosme E zEp

Ss
Np
oNo: fusns in_Secondlary coil will be morehan
mary coilL

B)forSleb Douon traoslome aEíEp

NP
Ns Ne
o No. e tuung in secondar eoll cw be less than
mmary Coil

4 Assomeo has na bouoes doss falces blare b l

mmasy Seapndasy coil
Ep Ip E Is s : N
Ee
E
***
Cunre n .
 DATE-

PAGE

Ep IT
Tn case of sdeh up dransormes
pmmasyi3 more han he
The cthieknets ol uoire in
Eiekness in secondlaSy Coil

Tn case alsieh Douon iransorme, S Ep TZ

Thehieknesi ol ueire lo Seceodasy ip more thanh

hicknest a pmmasy CoiL

# E ieiency ol_ranslorme
nTTig olelioed a the Babo
oOutput pouaeh obiaineol mm seconolasy eoil
Hothe bhut bowes Supbl, inaimasy coil

Ep Tp

Enerloss io fransormesn1 2

(A)Cobbe.losi 214
ame enen los1 due to heahns of
Cobbes oiretusedi npmmasy Secondasy tinau
This powe loss C90 be minmped b Ussn sthllk
cophej tuoire al douo hesstanoe
BEdly urrend Lost
Tbe Alfeynahn, 1agneht Lux induceshy
Sdd cureai tn the iron com uo hich leaods to
Some enerjLoss in h e orm o heat
Thy Canbe heduced by isn daminaded on C e
 PAGE

(cHyedeyesizdoss
The AS Cajeshe ron core thmuph
Cycle o Magnebsabon Aemagneisahong blork
la alone in ech cycle ladLost as
beal
This ia called bysiezises loss4ca0 be Secluced
b using Core madezia hauing nazow byuegekt
Loeps-

(d fLu dealcoge
The maqnshs duux pmoduced by
pnmasy May DeJil basseshanugh he Seooo
aySome oflur ma leak tDto aid ThiaLase
Canbs 2eoueed by oinding#he -An'masy Seeo
a y o l oue ons anofhe

(e) umming kosc.

Aa the translormea tworks, ilg coe
denqthens andshorteoz dusng_eoch ayele of llee
nahngwolfage due fo 6henomenon called NAGNE TO
STRIC TION
Ti' gioes 8lse fo a bumming sovnd 4 elechica!
enesfr gel losi in theorm of Sound