Content Standard The learner demonstrates understanding of: South and West Asian literature as

an expression of philosophical and religious beliefs; information flow in

various text types; reality, fantasy, and opinion in listening and viewing
materials; word decoding strategies; and use of information sources,
active/passive constructions, direct/reported speech, perfect tenses, and logical
connectors in journalistic writing.
Performance Standard The learner transfers learning by composing a variety of journalistic texts, the
contents of which may be used in composing and delivering a memorized oral
speech featuring use of properly acknowledged information sources,
grammatical signals for opinion-making, persuasion, and emphasis, and
appropriate prosodic features, stance, and behavior.
Learning Competencies Use appropriate grammatical signals or expressions suitable to each pattern of
idea development:
● general to particular
● claim and counterclaim
● problem-solution
● cause-effect and others

I. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
A. identify grammatical signals used in Problem and Solution pattern of idea;
B. write sentences illustrating problem and solution relationships in given text,
employing appropriate grammatical signals or expressions of idea development to
ensure coherence and clarity in their written communication; and
C. show awareness on the issues and problems encountered.
II. Subject Matter: Using Appropriate Grammatical Signals or Expression of Idea Development:
Problem and Solution
Reference/s:
English Quarter 4 – Module 1: Using Appropriate Grammatical Signals or Expressions to Each
Pattern of Idea Development from
https://depedtambayan.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/ENG8-Q4-MOD1.pdf
Transition Words: A Comprehensive List to Enhance Your Writing from
https://7esl.com/transition-words/
Materials: Slide Deck, printed materials

III. Procedures: 4As Method

 Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity
Preliminary Activities

Good Morning, class!

Kindly all stand for the prayer. Let us all remember… Amen.

Before you take your seat, kindly align your chairs

properly and pick up some pieces of papers on the (Students do as told)
floor.

Since I already introduce myself to you last meeting,

how are you going to call me again, class? Ms. Marie

Alright!

How are you this morning? We are good, miss.

Are there any absentees? None miss.

Are there any assignments that need to be passed? None miss.

Just like your any other teachers, I also have my set

of classroom rules, and it has an acronym of LRBB.

L- Listen
R- Respect
B- Be quiet and stay focus on the lesson
B- Be attentive and participate in our discussion.

What is the acronym of our classroom rules? LRBB

I want you to observe these classroom rules

throughout the class.

Am I clear? Yes miss.

1. Review

Before we proceed with our new lesson this morning,

let us first have a short review through an activity.

What topic did we discuss last meeting? The topic that we discussed last meeting was all
about using appropriate grammatical signals or
expressions to Cause and Effect Pattern of Idea
development.
Alright! Kindly read the directions of our activity.
Begin! (Students do as told)
 Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity
Directions: Read each statement on the screen and
provide the correct answer.

1. It refers to the driving force in the text which is Cause

also the reason that things happen.
2. It refers to what the result is which happened Effect
next in the text that results from a preceding cause.
3. Can give an example sentence demonstrating a
cause and effect pattern? I got a low score in the quiz, as a result of not
studying last night.
Wow! It means that you really understood our topic
last meeting and now ready for a new topic this
morning.

Give yourselves 5 big claps. Begin! (Students do as told)

2. Motivation

Before we move on to a new topic this morning, let

us take a look at these photos on the screen.

What do you see on the picture? I can see a man holding a paper with F or Failed
score.

Correct! Why do you think he failed? Maybe he failed because he did not study.

You have a point! Now, what do you think is the

solution in his problem? What does he need to do to
get a high score? In my own opinion, maybe the man needs to
study harder to get a high score.
That is right! For you, class, imagined you are the
man in the picture, how will you solve that problem? I will listen to my teacher when she is discussing
in front and also studying every night.
Very good! Just as how you look for a solution in a
problem. In writing, it's important to clearly identify a
problem or issue and propose viable solutions.

3. Statement of the Subject Matter and Objectives

 Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

This morning, we will explore on how we can

effectively express problem and solution relationships
in our writing. We will get to know more about this
as we discuss the importance of "Using Appropriate
Grammatical Signals or Expression of Idea
Development: Problem and Solution."

Kindly read again our topic this morning.

Everyone must listen attentively because at the end of

the lesson you are all expected to attain these
following objectives. Using Appropriate Grammatical Signals or
Expression of Idea Development: Problem and
Solution
A. Identify grammatical signals used in Problem
and Solution pattern of idea.
B. Write sentences illustrating problem and
solution relationships in given text, employing
appropriate grammatical signals or expressions
of idea development to ensure coherence and
clarity in their written communication.
C. Show awareness on the issues and problems
encountered.

Are the objectives clear, class? Yes miss.

A. Activity

Before we start our activity this morning, let us first

define what problem and solution are.

Kindly read the definition of problem on the board

Problem
- refers to the unsatisfactory situation that causes
troubles or difficulties

Solution
- refers to the ways in solving or minimizing the
problem.

Any questions? None miss.

Activity 1: “I like to solve it!”

Directions: Divide the class into 4 groups. Each group
will be assigned different problems. Study the picture
below. Write 1- 2 sentences about the environmental
issues that are shown in the picture; then, think of
possible solutions to fight them.
 Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

Group 1 One of the easiest steps we can take to help

mitigate the impacts of drought is conserving
water. If we use water wisely at all times, more
water will be available to us and to plants and
wildlife when a drought happens.

Group 2 To solve inflation, the government needs to

manage how much money and products are
circulating in the economy.

Group 3 To help people who don't have much money and a

place to live, government need to make homes for
homeless and help them learn skills to get good
jobs.

Group 4 Addressing the lack of classrooms or education

requires both immediate actions like building
more classrooms and long-term solutions such as
involving the community and using technology
effectively.
 Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity
Thank you everyone. Kindly give yourselves a
GOOD JOB clap. Begin!
(Students do as told)
B. Analysis

Now, based on the activity you did earlier, let us

check all of your answers.

For group 1, what is your assigned environmental

problem? The assigned environmental problem for group 1
is about drought.
What do you think is the cause of drought?
Drought is caused by a lack of rainfall, causing
Exactly! And, according to group 1, to solve that serious water shortages.
problem, one of the easiest way, we can take solve
the impacts of drought is conserving water.

Do you agree, class?

Yes miss.
Alright! How about group 2?
The assigned environmental problem for group 2
is about economic inflation or the high-cost
goods, such as rice and groceries.
That is right! Now, how can you solve that problem?
The government needs to manage how much
money and products are circulating in the
Precisely! The government need a quick response on economy.
how to solve that kind of problem.

For group 3, what problem is assigned to you?

The social issue that is assigned to group 3 is
about poverty.
How will you solve this kind of problem?
To help people who don't have much money and a
place to live, government need to make homes for
Magnificent! The government should provide homeless and help them learn skills to get good
assistance to support the needs of economically jobs.
disadvantaged individuals and communities.

For the last group, what do you think is the picture all
about?
The picture depicts a lack of classroom in
And according to group 4’s answer, how will you education.
solve the problem?
Addressing the lack of classrooms or education
requires both immediate actions like building
more classrooms and long-term solutions such as
involving the community and using technology
Precisely! The concerns and issues about our effectively.
environment can be overwhelming. Humans have
 Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity
used and abused the very environment that nurtures
and sustains them. To address these issues,
government should play a vital role in solving these
issues. Do you agree?
Yes miss.
In this pattern of idea development, the text presents a
significant problem and explains it in detail, and then
a possible solution is suggested. It answers the
questions, “what is the problem?” and “what is the
solution?”

Kindly observe this example

Drug abuse is one of the leading social issues
in many countries. This problem has been the cause
of many crimes and health concerns. However, the
threat of prohibited drugs can be fought. One way
to solve this is through education. Everyone needs
to be educated about the dangers of using
prohibited drugs. People need to be aware of the
harmful effects of these drugs to their health,
family, career, and society. Another solution is to
increase police manpower and create effective laws
to stop dealers. If the authorities will strictly
impose these laws, this problem will be addressed.
Drug abuse is a threat, but if the community and
the government will act together, this problem will
be controlled.

What have you observe in the example given? What

are those underlined words?
In the example provided, the underlined words
and phrases are used to signal transitions and
organization within the text.
How is the development of idea going the passage?
The passage says we can fight drug abuse by
educating people about how harmful drugs are
and by making stronger laws to catch drug
Exactly! The passage emphasizes that educating dealers, and the importance of everyone to work
people about the dangers of drugs and enforcing together.
stricter laws against drug dealers can help combat
drug abuse

What are the underlined words?

One way to solve this, another solution, and this
So, these types of grammatical signals emphasized in problem.
this example are the…
 Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity
Problem and Solution pattern
- this pattern of idea development is used when a
writer identifies a problem and addresses it by
presenting one or more solutions

The paragraph above uses problem-solution pattern of

idea development. It presents the problem ‘drug
abuse’ followed by the suggested solutions to this
problem.

In presenting these solutions, grammatical signals and

expressions are used such as ‘one way to solve this’,
‘another solution’, and ‘this problem.’

Let us discuss the used transitional signals one by

one.

1. "One way to solve this": This signal introduces the

first solution or approach to addressing the problem at
hand, which in this case is drug abuse.

By using this signal, the writer signals to the reader

that they are transitioning from discussing the
problem to offering a potential solution.

2. "Another solution": This signal follows the first

solution presented and indicates that another method
or approach will be introduced to address the
problem.

It implies that multiple strategies are being considered

or suggested to tackle the issue of drug abuse. Similar
to the first signal, it helps to structure the paragraph
by clearly indicating a transition from one solution to
another.

3. "This problem": This phrase serves as a reference

point, reminding the reader of the main issue or
problem being discussed, which is drug abuse.

By using "this problem," the writer maintains clarity

and cohesion within the paragraph, ensuring that the
focus remains on the central topic. It helps to tie the
solutions back to the overarching issue and reinforces
the importance of addressing it.

Questions?
None miss.
A. Transitional Words for Problem:
 Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

 Since  A reason for the problem

 The question is  As a consequence
 The dilemma is  The issue
 Difficulty is  Reason
 Conflict  The problem is
 Because

We can make use of these key words to introduce the

problem.

B. Transitional Words for Solution:

▪ As a result ▪ To address this
▪ In order to ▪ So that
▪ To solve this ▪ One answer is
▪ Possibly ▪ At the same time
▪ In efforts to ▪ Similarly
▪ Could be ▪ Resolved
▪ Consequently ▪ Nevertheless
▪ Led to ▪ In addition
▪ To solve this ▪ Recommendations include
▪ Thereby ▪ One reason of

These are the words or phrases we can use for

solution.

Another example:

1. Because of the fire, the school building was

destroyed. The school thereby requested the
Department of Education (DepEd) for a new building.

Problem: Because of the fire, the school building was

destroyed.
Solution: The school thereby requested the
Department of Education (DepEd) for a new
building.

The signal word used to introduce the problem is

because, and thereby for solution.

2. The problem is the rising levels of CO2 that caused

the increase in average global temperature. To solve
this, there must be an increase in forest cover, restore
sea grasses and boost use of agricultural cover crops
to reduce the amount of CO2 in atmosphere.

Problem: The problem is the rising levels of CO2 that

caused the increase in average global temperature.
 Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity
Solution: To solve this, there must be an increase in
forest cover, restore sea grasses and boost use of
agricultural cover crops to reduce the amount of CO2
in atmosphere.

Any questions?
None miss.
C. Abstraction

In your own words, can you define problem and

solution?
A problem is something that can be done to
Very good! remedy while solution the way a problem is
solved or fixed.
How about the pattern of idea development is used
when a writer identifies a problem and addresses it by
presenting one or more solutions?
It is called Problem and Solution pattern
Perfect!

Can you give an example sentence demonstrating a

problem and solution pattern?
Anna hit his head and got a big bump. So, he got
an ice pack and put it on his head.
Who can give another example?
Since drug abuse poses significant risks to
individuals' health and well-being, efforts could
be made to increase access to rehabilitation
programs and provide support for those struggling
Magnificent! It means that you really understood our with addiction.
discussion this morning.

Give yourselves a clap A. Begin!

(Students do as told)
D. Application

Now that we have identified the concept of problem

and solution pattern of idea development let us delve
have another activity.

Activity 2: “ShowLutions”

Mechanics:
1. Divide the class into four (4).
2. Choose 1 writer and reporter in each group.
3. Write a sentence illustrating problem and
solution relationships in given issues using
appropriate grammatical signals or
expressions of idea development to ensure
coherence and clarity in writing.
 Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity
4. Present your work before the class.
5. Do this in 5 minutes.

Are the mechanics clear class?

Kindly go to your groups now, at the count of 5, 4, 3,

2, 1.

Group 1
Directions: Write a sentence illustrating problem
and solution relationships about lack of healthcare
services, using appropriate grammatical signals or
expressions of idea development to ensure
coherence and clarity in writing.

Group 2
Directions: Write a sentence illustrating problem
and solution relationships about mental health,
using appropriate grammatical signals or
expressions of idea development to ensure
coherence and clarity in writing..

Group 3
Directions: Write a sentence illustrating problem
and solution relationships about gender inequality,
using appropriate grammatical signals or
expressions of idea development to ensure
coherence and clarity in writing.

Group 4
Directions: Write a sentence illustrating problem
and solution relationships about corruption in
government, using appropriate grammatical signals
or expressions of idea development to ensure
coherence and clarity in writing.

Time is up! Let us check your activity.

Good job everyone! Thank you for your brilliant

thoughts about the topic I gave you.

Give yourselves a round of applause. Begin!

(Students do as told)
Are there any questions about our topic today, class?
None miss.
Values Integration
 Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

Going back to our discussion earlier, understanding

the development of problem and solution patterns of
ideas is important for effective communication and
problem-solving. It involves recognizing the
interrelationship problems and potential ways to
address them. By identifying problems and proposing
solutions, individuals can articulate coherent
arguments, devise action plans, and advocate for
change.

Now, class, how would you show awareness of the

issues and problems faced in society? Understanding society's issues means researching,
listening to different people, thinking hard,
getting involved in your community, talking well,
Exactly! We should always be aware on what is and always learning new things.
happening in our society.

Am I making sense here?

Yes miss.
Alright!

Now, to further assess your understanding on our

lesson this morning, let us have a quiz.

Kindly read the directions. Begin!

IV. Evaluation
Directions: Read each sentence and determine
whether the highlighted part expresses a problem or
solution. Write P if it indicates problem and write S if
it indicates solution.

___P___1. Mary doesn’t like cartoons because they

are loud, so she doesn’t watch them.
___P___2. My problem is my hair won’t work with
me today! It’s so frizzy. I should just put some
gel in it.
___S___3. Jon tore his paper. Hence, he used tape to
fix it.
___P___4. The virus is making many people sick.
Therefore, everyone is required to get vaccinated.
___S___5. I forgot to lock the door and my cat run
away. I think, I need to call my friends and
neighbours to help and search for him.
___S___6. Ellah is hungry; she should eat a lot.
___S___7. My tooth really aches because I ate so
much candy, therefore I went to the dentist for check
up.
___P___8. I was soaking wet, so I changed my
 Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity
clothes immediately.
___P___9. Ted’s bedroom was messy; therefore, he
picked his toys up.
___S___10. Peg had a cold. Accordingly, she took
medicine.

V. Assignment

“A letter to the President”

Directions: Write a letter addressed to the President

of the Philippines, discussing a pressing issue
currently affecting the country. Provide suggestions
or solutions for addressing the issue such as high
price of rice and daily needs, and conclude your letter
with a polite request for action. Remember to use
appropriate grammatical signals or expressions of
idea development to ensure coherence and clarity in
their written communication.

Rubrics
Criteria:
Introduction of main claim - 5
Introduction of counterclaim – 5
Grammatical signals – 10
Grammar – 5
TOTAL: 25 pts.

Prepared by

GRACE MARIE D. LAGAT Checked by

Pre-service Teacher, BSED
MS. PRINCESS ANN R. LASTIMOSA
Cooperating Teacher, OCSAT