International Journal of Engineering Research ISSN: 2319-6890)(online),2347-5013(print)

Volume No.5 Issue: Special 6, pp: 1129 - 1254 20 May 2016

DESIGN OF CAR
Chintu Kumar , Naveen Kumar A2, Dr.Gangadhara Shetty B3
1

1
UGStudent, Mechanical Engineering, Cambridge Institute of Technology, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India
2
Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Cambridge Institute of Technology, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India
3
Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Dr.Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka India

Email:sschinss94@gmail.com, naveenkushi@Gmail.com, ghetty2005@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: The aim of the report is to highlight the final stays near his workplace and hence doesn't use his car for
design report of a four-wheeler car with the rear engine long distance. Once in a month or so, he goes on a trip or to
system taking only the designer’s perspective (Non- his relative's place. Indirectly it informs you that he is an
Technical) into consideration. To make final product, the average user of his car. For a corporate person, a luxury
design has been divided into sub divisions which are sedan can be comfortable enough to buy. That's why it is
later on integrated into the final rendered model mainly used by executives and business class people.
KEYWORDS: Design, Rear engine system, Perspective,
Non-technical, Rendered

I. Introduction
The primary objective is to highlight the optimistic design of
a car that could be manufactured for sale while strictly
adhering to only designing the part. The secondary objective Figure 1: An Example of a corporate person
is to enhancetheuser comfort, safety, durability and
maneuverability of the vehicle by long wheelbase.
III. DESIGN OF VEHICLE
I have approached my design by considering all possible
The design section of report is divided into 3 major parts:
 Vehicle system sketching
alternatives like user persona, vehicle sketching techniques,

 Hard prototyping (Thermocol modeling )

prototyping (thermocol modeling), and Automotive digital

 Rendered Three dimensional model (Result)

rendering. Based on these techniques, the model is modified
and the final design has been obtained. In accordance with
these features, it looks upon the aesthetics, safety, ground Based on the design objective of performance and safety of
clearance and wheelbase.Instead of putting front engine the user, optimistic look, the design has been made under
system, rear engine system has been introduced. the guidance of EXPERTSHUB TEAM and meeting the
When a designer looks upon the designing, he targets the criteria to have a successful design. For the successful
particular type of user. He does an ethnographic study of design, alternatives have been considered by looking at the
user behaviors along with identifying the market gap. A designer's perspective and not considering the technical
designer looks upon the following marketing effects of the work.
products which are: advertisements, trust, phases when they
are getting launched, specification provided for particular IV. Frame Design
car, age group, sale value, and off road or on road vehicle.
These marketing effects are the value points for a designer The design of frame has been divided into two major views
because marketing techniques helps the product to rise over to get better view of the technicalrequirement. Principle
the time. In accordance with these features, it looks upon the aspects of chassis has been focused on during design
aesthetics, safety, ground clearance and wheelbase.Instead includes safety, performance and packaging of vehicle
of putting front engine system, rear engine system has been system. In the design mainly it has been looked upon user
introduced. safety and comfort level because as a designer other
prospects can’t be highlighted.
II. User Persona

While considering my work, I have preferred to look upon

middle class people's comfort level. I have taken an example
of a corporate person with a nuclear family. The person

ICCIT16 @ CiTech, Bangalore doi: 10.17950/ijer/v5i6/008 Page 1167

 International Journal of Engineering Research ISSN: 2319-6890)(online),2347-5013(print)
Volume No.5 Issue: Special 6, pp: 1129 - 1254 20 May 2016

V. Design warning and lane keep assist will help car on right track to
move.
Sketching Weight
In the design, the main components has been divided into The weight of vehicle system should be of top priority,
two major parts taking first the front view (cockpit) front when it requires efficiency. Vehicle weight is a large factor
frame design and chassis design etc. and second rear view of in vehicle performance. Frame being the largest and heaviest
vehicle which include the engine system itself. Both the component, so it has been advised to use less of front of
blocks are separated by a firewall separating them.The frame as possible. Hence pillar B has been blacked out, so
frame model can be viewed as - special attention has been given in placing frame design.
The logic behind reduced weight consisted of less number of
pillars and correct light weight material for good product.
Aesthetics
The design is made by more rounded corners than straight
because the rounded corners gives a pleasing look to the
vehicle’s body and even less number of welded joints and
corners are used in car. The lack of sharp edges allows the
design of better streamlined body panel.
It looks pleasing and has a positive effect on the overall
aerodynamic drag force. It also gives a 3-D view of the
Figure 2:Front View
product and sketching provided gives the visual picture of
what frame would look like after sketching.
We all have seen big luxurious cars having low ground
clearance and this is due to giving optimum focus on drive
and handling part of the car
Hence pillar B has been blacked out, so special attention has
been given in placing frame design. The logic behind
Figure 3: Rear View reduced weight consisted of less number of pillars and
correct light weight material for good product
During the design of system, Pillar B has been blacked out.
Rigidity of frame has been reduced and top surface of front
panel has been supported by back panel. Usually pillars are
Hard Prototyping (Thermocol Modeling)
vertical or near vertical supports of four wheeler windows
designated by A, B, C or D which is counted from front to The basic of designing is verified by making hard prototype
rear in profile view. But here in the design, pillar B has been model object of car. It gives the feel of real product. Here
blacked out because it impedes air flow when windows are are the some views of model:
down. Year old tradition that all vehicles have got B pillars
with which a mark is in between the front and rear windows.
We can say it would be best with windows roll down and
stereo blasting and that can be made possible by removing
the B pillar and that’s why it has been blacked out.
Designing has been considered by taking the following into
consideration:
Safety Harness
For a user to maintain safety, attaching seat belts to chassis
provides reliability of seat belt under extreme force. It gives
ample time for quick release seat belt which allows coming
out of vehicle.
It has the property to avoid crash in all sorts of situation like
blind spots or simply backing out in a busy parking lot. Figure 4:Front View
Safety features also include forward collision warning with
or without auto brake, backup cameras, lane departure

ICCIT16 @ CiTech, Bangalore doi: 10.17950/ijer/v5i6/008 Page 1168

 International Journal of Engineering Research ISSN: 2319-6890)(online),2347-5013(print)
Volume No.5 Issue: Special 6, pp: 1129 - 1254 20 May 2016

Figure 5:Side View

VI. Rear Engine System

Figure 7:Ground Clearance and Wheelbase
Rear engine system is the one which puts weight over drive
The effect of longer wheelbase on longitudinal acceleration
wheels. The vehicle weight driven rear axle supports rear is analogous. All inertia forces act through the vehicle’s
tires in maintaining traction when it is accelerated and gravity, so having large distance between the inner and outer
turned. People suggest front engine system for maximum wheel has the same effect as lowering the C.G. reduced load
passenger space but only at the cost of ultimate handling transfer. Reduced load transfer will result in more balanced
where people might even think for middle engine system tractive forces at each tire.
which has got better handling system but it doesn’t have rear
When it comes to comfort level, it is said that, more the
seats. So rear engine should be preferred.
wheelbase lesser the bumps we feel. Longer wheelbase
The rear engine helps in braking because with weight in makes a more stable car. The configuration provided for
back pushing down on rear axle and counting vehicle design is 3.25 wheels.
tendency to move forward which provides greater portion of
braking force. It allows front brake to be effective and also
lasts longer. Final Packaging

Figure 6:Rear Engine Vehicle System

Figure 8:Packagingof a Car
VII. Ground Clearance And Wheelbase
In a place like India where high ground clearance is Rendered View
provided because of road system, a car with high ground After completion of design, final three dimensional views
clearance can sometimes feel like a body roll. While a car have been made.
with low ground clearance helps in lowering down the
centre of gravity of a car, it adds up to better handling
practice. We all have seen big luxurious cars having low
ground clearance and this is due to giving optimum focus on
drive and handling part of the car. I have provided ground
clearance of 0.25 wheels which is quite low because we now
have comfort, performance and security.

Figure 9:3-D Rendered Model

ICCIT16 @ CiTech, Bangalore doi: 10.17950/ijer/v5i6/008 Page 1169

 International Journal of Engineering Research ISSN: 2319-6890)(online),2347-5013(print)
Volume No.5 Issue: Special 6, pp: 1129 - 1254 20 May 2016

VIII. Conclusion [2] Vehicle body layout and analysis - John Venton
[3] Design of machine elements S. Ratan
The main goal was to simplify overall design to make it [4] Chassis Design by Amrit Raj
more light weight without sacrificing the efficiency and the [5] Design portfolio of Amrit Raj
performance. The designing has provided me a platform to [6] Journal- Case study on the relationship between
explore designing. My approach was to design an optimized Road safety and economy in Hungary-American
vehicle so that it doesn’t look over designed and accessible Journal of vehicle design
for middle class people. [7] Baja Design Report by car#8 Bangalore Institute of
Technology
References
[1] Designsketching.com- for getting basic idea of
designing sketches

ICCIT16 @ CiTech, Bangalore doi: 10.17950/ijer/v5i6/008 Page 1170