--Module 2

USE TRAINING;
--INSERT INTO PRODUCT VALUES(44,'PRODUCT1',25);
SELECT * FROM PRODUCT;

SELECT MIN(p_price) as min_price

,MAX(p_price) as max_price
,AVG(p_price) as avg_price
from product;

select * From PRODUCT

where p_price in (
select max(p_price) from PRODUCT
where p_price <800
)

SELECT MIN(p_price) as min_price

from product;

SELECT AVG(p_price) as avg_price

from product;

select count(*) as ct
from product;

select * From product;

select sum(p_price) as sum_price

from product where p_name='Laptop';
select sum(p_price) as sum_price
from product where p_name='Watch';

select p_name,
sum(p_price) from product
--where p_desc <> 'Microsoft'
group by (p_name);

select p_name,
sum(p_price) as sum_price
from product
group by p_name;

select p_name,
max(p_price) as max_price
from product
group by p_name;

---
--ALTER TABLE EXERCISE
--ALTER TABLE PRODUCT ADD MFG_DATE DATE DEFAULT '2001-01-01' NOT NULL;

--SELECT * FROM PRODUCT;

--ALTER TABLE PRODUCT DROP COLUMN MFG_DATE ;

--SELECT * FROM PRODUCT;

-- Dropping a constraint using ALTER command

--ALTER TABLE CUST_ORDER DROP DF__CUST_ORDE__o_dat__45F365D3;

------------------------------AGGREGARTION
FUNCTIONS---------------------------------

select COUNT(p_price) as ct
,SUM(p_price) as sum_price
From PRODUCT;

select * From product;

select avg
(p_price )
from PRODUCT;

select CAST(P_PRICE AS FLOAT) as casted_dt,

p_PRICE
FROM PRODUCT ;

--AVG Function (Avg P_PRICE of PRODUCTs in PRODUCT table)

SELECT P_NAME,
AVG(CAST(P_PRICE AS FLOAT)) as AVG_PRICE
FROM PRODUCT
GROUP BY P_NAME
ORDER BY AVG_PRICE DESC
;
--COUNT Function (Avg P_PRICE of PRODUCTs in PRODUCT table)
SELECT P_NAME,COUNT(P_ID) as CT_PRODUCTS
FROM PRODUCT
GROUP BY P_NAME ;

--MAX Function (MAX P_PRICE of PRODUCTs in PRODUCT table)

SELECT P_NAME,MAX(P_PRICE) as MAX_PRICE
FROM PRODUCT
GROUP BY P_NAME
ORDER BY MAX_PRICE ;

SELECT P_NAME,MIN(P_PRICE) as MAX_PRICE

FROM PRODUCT
GROUP BY P_NAME
ORDER BY MAX_PRICE;

--MIN Function (Avg P_PRICE of PRODUCTs in PRODUCT table)

SELECT P_NAME,MIN(P_PRICE) as MIN_PRICE
FROM PRODUCT
GROUP BY P_NAME
ORDER BY MIN_PRICE;
--SUM Function (Avg P_PRICE of PRODUCTs in PRODUCT table)
SELECT P_NAME, SUM(P_PRICE) as SUM_PRICE
FROM PRODUCT GROUP BY P_NAME
ORDER BY SUM_PRICE DESC;

--CHECKSUM_AGG Function (Avg P_PRICE of PRODUCTs in PRODUCT table)

SELECT P_NAME,
CHECKSUM_AGG(CAST(P_PRICE AS INT)) as CHK_PRICE
FROM PRODUCT
GROUP BY P_NAME
;

--CHECKSUM
SELECT P_PRICE,
CHECKSUM(CAST(P_PRICE AS VARCHAR(10)))
as C_PRICE
FROM PRODUCT
;

--https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7753302/what-is-the-difference-between-
checksum-agg-and-checksum#:~:text=CHECKSUM%20calculates%20a%20hash%20for,aggregated
%20checksum%20for%20each%20group.

--COUNT_BIG Function (Avg P_PRICE of PRODUCTs in PRODUCT table)

SELECT P_NAME,
COUNT_BIG(P_PRICE) as SUM_PRICE
FROM PRODUCT
GROUP BY P_NAME
;
--STDEV Function (Avg P_PRICE of PRODUCTs in PRODUCT table)
SELECT P_NAME,
STDEV(P_PRICE) as STDev_PRICE
FROM PRODUCT
GROUP BY P_NAME
;

--STDDEVP Function (Avg P_PRICE of PRODUCTs in PRODUCT table)

SELECT P_NAME, CAST(STDEVP(P_PRICE) AS DECIMAL (10,5)) as SUM_PRICE
FROM PRODUCT
GROUP BY P_NAME ;

--VAR Function (Avg P_PRICE of PRODUCTs in PRODUCT table)

SELECT P_NAME,VARP(P_PRICE) as VAR_PRICE
FROM PRODUCT
GROUP BY P_NAME;

--------------Mathematical FUNCTION

--ABS Function
SELECT ABS(-100);

--Log function

SELECT LOG(p_PRICE) from PRODUCT

--SQUARE FUNCTION
SELECT p_PRICE,
SQUARE(p_PRICE) from PRODUCT

--CEILING FUNCTION
SELECT CEILING(-4.5);
--FLOOR FUNCTION
SELECT FLOOR(-1.5);

SELECT FLOOR(P_PRICE) FROM PRODUCT;

--ROUND FUNCTION
SELECT ROUND(235,2)

--POWER FUNCTION
SELECT POWER(3,3)

------------------------------DATE FUNCTIONS---------------------------------
--------------Current date and time
SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;

SELECT GETUTCDATE();

SELECT GETDATE();

SELECT SYSDATETIME();

SELECT SYSDATETIMEOFFSET()

--------------Return date and time parts

SELECT DATENAME(yy, '2017-08-25') AS DatePartString; --return as character

SELECT DATEPART(yy, '2017-08-25') AS DatePartString; --return as INT

SELECT DAY('2017-08-25') AS DatePartString; --return as DAY OF DATE

SELECT MONTH('2017-08-25') AS DatePartString; --return as MONTH OF DATE

SELECT YEAR(
'2017-08-25'
) AS DatePartString; --return as YEAR OF DATE

-------------------------Return date differences

SELECT DATEDIFF(DAY,'2017-08-25','2018-08-25')
AS DatePartString; --return as day diff in DATEs

SELECT DATEDIFF(MONTH,'2017-08-25','2018-08-25') AS DatePartString; --return as

YEAR OF DATE

SELECT DATEDIFF(YEAR,'2017-08-25','2018-08-25') AS DatePartString; --return as

YEAR OF DATE

--------------------- Modify dates

SELECT DATEADD(MONTH,1,GETDATE()) AS NEW_DATE

SELECT EOMONTH('2026-04-06') AS NEW_DATE

SELECT SWITCHOFFSET(
GETDATE(),'-10:40'
) AS NEW_DATE
--Construct date and time from parts
SELECT DATEFROMPARTS(2023,05,27) as new_date

--TIMEFROMPARTS ( hour, minute, seconds, fractions, precision )

SELECT TIMEFROMPARTS(02,02,03,2,2) as new_time
--DATETIMEOFFSET FROM PARTS

--DATETIMEOFFSETFROMPARTS ( year, month, day, hour, minute, seconds, fractions,

hour_offset, minute_offset, precision )

SELECT DATETIMEOFFSETFROMPARTS ( 2010, 12, 31, 14, 23, 23, 1, 12, 0, 7 ) AS Result;

--CHECK IF PARAMETER IS DATE

SELECT ISDATE('2017-01-01');
-------------
/*CREATE TABLE TMP_PRODUCT
(
p_id INT PRIMARY KEY ,
p_name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
p_desc VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
p_price FLOAT CHECK(P_PRICE>0) NOT NULL,
p_expiry_date DATE DEFAULT getdate()+180 NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO TMP_PRODUCT
SELECT * FROM PRODUCT;

SELECT * FROM TMP_PRODUCT;

UPDATE TMP_PRODUCT
SET P_PRICE=0

ALTER TABLE TMP_PRODUCT

ADD CONSTRAINT P_PRICE_CHECK
ON P_PRICE NOT NULL
;
BACKDROP

DROP CONSTRAINT CK__TMP_PRODU__p_pri__4BAC3F29;

DELETE FROM TMP_PRODUCT ;

--WHERE P_id=103;

TRUNCATE TABLE TMP_PRODUCT;

TRUNCATE =DROP + CREATE
*/
-------------------------------------------------STRING FUNCTIONS
--LTRIM Function
SELECT LTRIM(' NEW YORK');
--RTRIM Function
SELECT RTRIM('NEW YORK ');
--TRIM Function
SELECT TRIM(' NEW YORK ');

--LOWER Function
SELECT LOWER('NEW YORK');
--UPPER Function
SELECT UPPER('new york');
--REVERSE Function
SELECT REVERSE('NEW YORK');
--SUBSTRING Function
SELECT SUBSTRING('SHUBHAM',2,4);
--REPLACE FUNCTION
SELECT replace ('NEW NEW YORK','NEW','OLD');
SELECT replace ('KEEP','EE','ET');

SELECT *, UPPER(NEW_EMAIL) AS UPPER_EMAIL

FROM CUSTOMER;
--CONCAT FUNCTION

SELECT CONCAT('NEW ', ' YORK');

SELECT C_NAME,NEW_EMAIL,
CONCAT(C_NAME,'|',NEW_EMAIL)
AS NAME_EMAIL FROM CUSTOMER;

--CONCAT_WS
SELECT CONCAT_WS(',','NEW', ' YORK');

--ASCII
SELECT ASCII('z');
--LENGTH
SELECT LEN('NEW YORK');

SELECT LEN('AKSHAY');

SELECT *,
LEN(EMAIL) AS LEN_EMAIL
FROM CUSTOMER;

SELECT CHOOSE(1, 'First', 'Second', 'Third') Result;

-------------------SYSTEM Functions

SELECT CAST('11233' as INT)

as converted_datatype; --- ANSI SQL

SELECT *,
CAST(P_PRICE AS NUMERIC(7,3)) as NUM_PRICE
FROM PRODUCT;

--SELECT LEN(C_NAME) FROM CUSTOMER;

SELECT CAST('12.00' as FLOAT) as converted_datatype;

SELECT ISNULL('Hello', 'W3Schools.com');--- IS NULL

SELECT ISNULL(NULL, 'W3Schools.com');--- IS NULL

SELECT ISNULL(NULL, NULL);--- IS NULL

SELECT ISNUMERIC('test');
SELECT ISNUMERIC(12345);

SELECT CAST('test' AS INT);

SELECT TRY_CAST('test' AS INT);

----------ALTER COMMAND TO CHANGE DATATYPE

USE TRAINING;

ALTER TABLE PRODUCT

ALTER COLUMN P_DESC VARCHAR(100);

----------------WINDOW FUNCTIONS

--1. RANK & DENSE FUNCTION

USE TRAINING;
select * From PRODUCT
order by p_name, p_price desc ;

--<WIN FUNCTION> OVER(PARTITION BY / ORDER BY ) AS RN

SELECT * FROM (
SELECT
*,
--RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY P_NAME ORDER BY P_PRICE DESC ) AS RNK
--,DENSE_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY P_NAME ORDER BY P_PRICE DESC ) AS DENSE_RNK,
--ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY P_ID) as ROW_NUM,
CUME_DIST() OVER( ORDER BY P_PRICE ) AS CUM_DIST
FROM
PRODUCT) a
WHERE DENSE_RNK=3 and p_name='Laptop';

select *,
RANK() OVER( ORDER BY P_PRICE, p_desc,P_expiry_date ) AS RNK_ASC,
--RANK() OVER( ORDER BY P_PRICE DESC ) AS RNK_DESC,
DENSE_RANK() OVER( ORDER BY P_PRICE ) AS DENSE_RNK,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER( ORDER BY P_PRICE ) AS RN_NUMBER,
CUME_DIST() OVER( ORDER BY P_PRICE ) AS CUM_DIST
FROM
PRODUCT;

SELECT * FROM PRODUCT WHERE P_name='Laptop';

select *,
DENSE_RANK() OVER( ORDER BY P_PRICE DESC) AS RN FROM PRODUCT;

-- RANK WITH PARTITION BY CLAUSE

select *,
DENSE_RANK() OVER( PARTITION BY P_NAME ORDER BY P_EXPIRY_DATE ) AS
RN ,
CAST(CUME_DIST() OVER( PARTITION BY P_NAME ORDER BY P_PRICE ) AS NUMERIC(10,4))*100
AS "CD%"
FROM PRODUCT
;

SELECT * ,
DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY p_name ORDER BY p_PRICE DESC) AS RN
FROM PRODUCT;

select * From product;

--FIRST_VALUE FUNCTION
select *,
FIRST_VALUE(p_desc) OVER( PARTITION BY P_NAME ORDER BY P_PRICE DESC ) AS RN FROM
PRODUCT
;

select *,
LAST_VALUE(p_price) OVER( PARTITION BY P_NAME ORDER BY P_PRICE DESC
RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
) AS RN_PRICE,
LAST_VALUE(p_desc) OVER( PARTITION BY P_NAME ORDER BY P_PRICE DESC
RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
) AS RN_desc FROM
PRODUCT
;

select *,
LAST_VALUE(p_price)
OVER( PARTITION BY P_NAME ORDER BY P_PRICE DESC
RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
) AS RN
FROM
PRODUCT
;

--LAST_VALUE FUNCTION
select *, LAST_VALUE(p_price) OVER( PARTITION BY p_name ORDER BY P_PRICE DESC
RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
) AS DESC_PRICE,
LAST_VALUE(p_desc) OVER( PARTITION BY p_name ORDER BY P_PRICE DESC
RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
) AS DESC_LAST_VALUE,
FIRST_VALUE(p_price) OVER( PARTITION BY P_NAME ORDER BY P_PRICE DESC
) AS FV_PRICE,

FIRST_VALUE(p_desc) OVER( PARTITION BY P_NAME ORDER BY P_PRICE DESC

) AS FV_DESC
FROM PRODUCT;

--LEAD & LAG FUNCTIONS

select * from PRODUCT order by p_name, p_price desc;

select *,
LEAD(P_PRICE,1) OVER( PARTITION BY P_NAME ORDER BY P_PRICE DESC ) AS RN1,
LEAD(P_PRICE,2) OVER( PARTITION BY
P_NAME
ORDER BY P_PRICE DESC ) AS RN2
FROM PRODUCT;

select *, LAG(P_PRICE,1) OVER( PARTITION BY

P_NAME
ORDER BY P_PRICE ASC ) AS RN1,
LAG(P_PRICE,2) OVER( PARTITION BY
P_NAME
ORDER BY P_PRICE ASC ) AS RN2
FROM PRODUCT;

select *,
LAG(P_ID,1) OVER( ORDER BY p_id ) AS RN
FROM PRODUCT;

----NTILE
select *,
NTILE(2) OVER(
PARTITION BY P_NAME ORDER BY P_PRICE DESC) AS RN FROM PRODUCT;

select *, PERCENT_RANK()
OVER( PARTITION BY P_NAME ORDER BY P_PRICE ) AS RN,
CUME_DIST() OVER( PARTITION BY P_NAME ORDER BY P_PRICE ) AS CUM_DIST
FROM PRODUCT;

------CASE FUNCTION

SELECT *,
CASE
WHEN P_PRICE <500 THEN 'LOW'
WHEN P_PRICE BETWEEN 500 AND 1000 THEN 'MEDIUM'
ELSE 'HIGH'
END
AS P_PRICE_CATEGORY
FROM PRODUCT ;

SELECT *,IIF(P_PRICE>500 , 'HIGH', 'LOW/MEDIUM') as P_PRICE_category

from PRODUCT;

---------------USER DEFINED FUNCTIONS

--Scalar function : return single value

--Table Valued functin return a table

select * From PRODUCT;

create function sales_discount (@price float, @discount float)

RETURNS INT
AS
BEGIN
RETURN @price*(1-@discount)
END;

SELECT *, dbo.sales_discount(p_price,0.15) as new_discounted_price

from PRODUCT WHERE P_NAME='Laptop'
UNION
SELECT *, dbo.sales_discount(p_price,0.20) as new_discounted_price
from PRODUCT WHERE P_NAME='Watch';

--dropping a function
DROP function sales_discount;

--TABLE VALUED FUNCTION

--Find expensive PRODUCTs from product table
create function expensive_PRODUCTs (@price float)
RETURNS TABLE
AS
RETURN (
SELECT * FROM PRODUCT WHERE p_price>=@price
)
;

select * From dbo.expensive_PRODUCTs(355.55);

--drop function expensive_PRODUCTs;

USE TRAINING;