Scientists and their inventions

Some scientists and their most remarkable inventions and discoveries.

Invention is something you create by experimentation, whereas discovery

is findingout that already exists.

Evangelista Torricelli (1608-1647)

The famous Italian physicist and mathematician is the inventor of

the barometer (scientific tool used in the field of meteorology to
estimate atmospheric pressure), builtin 1643. It would be
interesting to note that a number of Italian Navy submarines were
named after the inventor.

Ferdinand Verbiest (1623 -1688)

Verbiest was an astronomer and a mathematician. He was

theone to invent the world's first automobile. The inventor
cameup with the idea to create an automobile while visiting
China asa missionary. His automobile was powered by steam,
but couldnotcarryhumans.

Charles Babbage (1791-1871)

Charles Babbage was an English mathematician, philosopher, inventor

and mechanical engineer who originated the concept of a programmable
computer. Considered as “Father of Computers”, Babbage is credited
with inventing the first mechanical computer that eventually led to
more complex designs.

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845-1923)

The famous German physicist Röntgen is the one who discovered

the X-rays (also known as Röntgen rays).

This invention allowed the German scientist to win the first Nobel
Prize in Physics in 1901.
 Thomas Edison (1847-1931)

He has made a large number of inventions, but the most well-

known one is the electric bulb. Among other discoveries of
Thomas Edison there are telegraph devices, phonograph,
carbon transmitter, direct current generator, universal
electricmotor, and more.

Emile Berliner (1851-1929)

The German-born Jewish American scientist became known for

his disc record gramophone (in the United States known as
phonograph or record player). Used for recording and
reproducing sounds on a gramophone record, vinyl record, the
device (with certain modifications made once in a while) was
popular until 1980s.

Alexander Graham Bell (1857-1922)

During the experiments he carried out with the telegraph,

Bellcame up with the idea of the telephone.

The inventor of one of the most popular devices today

thought that the telephone was intruding, that is why he did
not have one in his workplace.

Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel (1858 - 1913)

Being a mechanical engineer, Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel managed

to discover the diesel engine.

The German inventor was also a well-known thermal engineer,

apolyglot, an expertinarts, and a social theorist.
 Albert Einstein (1879- 1955)

One of the greatest scientists of the 20th century is the creator

of numerous inventions and theories that transformed a lot of
concepts linked to space and time, with the most important
discovery being the theory of relativity. Other discoveries of
Einstein include the photoelectric effect and the Einstein
calculator.

Sir Alexander Fleming (1881-1955)

During the World War I Fleming worked as an army medical

doctor. He is the inventor of penicillin that prevented a lot of
soldiers from being infected. The discovery of penicillin
managed to significantly boost the evolution of medicine
industry.

Fritz Pfleumer (1881 -1945)

The German-Austrian engineer is the inventor of the

magnetic tape used for recording sound. Pfleumer decided
to grant the right of use to the AEG, a German
manufacturer of electrical equipment. The event took place
on December 1, 1932. Based on Pfleumer's magnetic tape,
the German firm created the world's first practical tape
recorder dubbed Magnetophon K1.

Frederick Banting (1891-1941)

Initially Banting was dedicated to politics but later decided to

shift to medicine. In 1916 he completed his MD and during the
World War I worked as a doctor. He was very interested in
diabetes and continuously worked on a cure for it. Banting
searched for cure for diabetes together with Dr. Charles Best.
In 1923 the researcher was awarded with the Nobel Prize for
discovering insulin.
 Edwin Herbert Land (1909-1991)

The co-founder of the Polaroid Corporation was the first who

came up with low-cost filters for polarizing light (useful
system of in-camera instant photography). His most popular
invention, Polaroid instant camera, was officially launch ed
in late 1948 and allowed users to take and develop a picture in
just under 60 seconds.

Konrad Zuse (1910- 1995)

Konrad Zuse built Z1, world's first program-controlled

computer. Despite certain mechanical engineering problems it
had all the basic ingredients of modern machines, using the binary
system and today's standard separation of storage and control.
Zuse completes Z3, world's first fully functional
programmable computer in 1941.

Samuel Morse (1791-1872)

Samuel Morse was an American painter and inventor who is best

remembered today for his invention of single-wire telegraph
system and the co-inventor of the Morse Code –method of
translating textual information as a series of on and off tones. His
discovery changed the way the messages are sent and received in
the entire world, and even today Morse Code is still in use in various
areas of radio communications.

Guglielmo Marconi (1874 –1937)

Marconi was an Italian inventor, known as the father of long

distance radio transmission and for his development of
Marconi’s law and a radio telegraph system. Marconi is credited
as the inventor of Radio, and he shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in
physics with Karl Ferdinand Braun “in recognition of their
contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy”
 John Logie Baird (1888–1946)

Braid was a Scottish Engineer and inventor of the world’s first

practical, publicly demonstrated television system, and
also the world’s first fully electronic colour television tube.
Braid’s early successes demonstrating working television
broadcasts and his colour and cinema television work earned
him a prominent place in televisions invention.

The Wright Brothers, Orville (1871-1948), Wilbur (1867-1912)

The Wright brothers were two American brothers, inventors and

aviation pioneers who were credited for inventing and building the
world’s first successful airplane and making the first controlled,
powered and sustained, heavier than air human flight on December17,
1903. In the two years afterward, the brothers developed their flying
machine into the first practical fixed wing aircraft.

Marie Skłodowska-Curie (1867-1934)

Marie Skłodowska-Curie was a polish physicist and chemist working mainly

in France, who is famous for her pioneering research on radioactivity. She
was the inventor of radium. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize,
the only woman to win in two fields and the only person to win in multiple
sciences. She was also the first female professor at university of paris and
in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in Paris.

Sir Chanderasekhar Venkata Raman (1888-1970)

Sir Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman, an Indian Physicist, was the first to

describe and explain in the review nature, in 1928, the experimental
observation of the phenomenon in liquids. On 28 th February 1928,
through his experiments on the scattering of light, he discovered the
Raman Effect. He was the recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physics in
1930.