Chapter 11
Chapter 11
Chapter 11
In an effort to meet the needs of our customers and to utilise the latest in
available technology we are continuously developing and upgrading our packer
technologies.
The Halliburton AHC hydraulic set packer represents both a development and
an upgrading of our packer technology.
The Halliburton hydraulic set AHC range of production packers have been
designed around features that Halliburton deem core to designing reliable
production packers
1. Simple design increases bore ID, allows multiple bores, eases operation, etc.
2. Piston located below the elements removes the need for movement of the packer
mandrel to fully set the elements.
3. Made up as an integral component of the tubing string.
4. Rotation of the tubing is possible through the packer prior to setting.
5. Optional release features.
6. Three-piece, multi-durometer elements with anti-extrusion back-ups in the end
elements will seal against casing irregularities and low pressure differentials.
(Standard Nitrile Elements)
7. Full-circle barrel slips increase packer load carrying capability with increased contact
area.
8. Concentric element below the slips with setting piston below the elements make the
packer suitable for production and injection applications where corrosive or high-
temperature fluids are encountered.
9. Various element materials are available to meet high-temperature and corrosive
environments.
10. Slip located above the elements provides high compressive load capability.
11. Cut-to-release feature offers packer performance comparable to permanent packers.
12. Tubing may be left in compression, neutral or tension.
13. No elastomeric seals above the element minimising tubing to annulus leak paths
14. Piston located below the elements allows setting forces for act directly on the elements
to maximise element compression
The use of Halliburton’s patented barrel slip enables the packer to be set in unsupported
casing and subjected to high loads without deforming the casing. This barrel slip, which
distributes the packer to casing loads more evenly, has been tested in both tension and
compression to ensure no distortion to the casing. This slip design is used in Halliburton’s
annular safety valve packers, the Monolock® plug and HPHT retrievable packer.
Barrel Slip
The AHC packer uses the same element package as found on Halliburton's Perma-Series
packers. This is a three-piece multi-durometer element system consisting of a soft centre
element (70 durometer) and hard end elements (90 durometer). The harder end elements
expanded against the packer mandrel and back-up system to provide an extrusion barrier for
the softer centre element. The multi-durometer packer elements provide an effective seal in
both high and low pressure applications.
In the shear-release mode the Halliburton AHC packer makes use of a graduated shear ring.
In its complete state (no threads removed), the packer’s performance is equal too and in
some cases exceed a comparable permanent production packer. In order to set the packer
up for shear release, threads are machined out of the ring to provide the desired shear
setting.
Halliburton recommend the following maximum shear release values:
Release Mechanism
Setting the AHC Packer
The packer is made up into the tubing string and lowered to the desired setting depth. The
tubing is plugged below the packer by setting a wireline plug or other tubing plugging device
plug. Pressure is applied to the tubing string and enters the cylinder/piston cavity through a
port in the mandrel. This pressure causes an upward force on the lower element retainer
which shears the setting shear screws, compresses the elements, shears the driv-lok pins in
the bottom wedge, and forces the slip to ramp outward, biting into the casing.
Where the packer is run in the straight pull to release mode, setting pressure acts against
the release shear ring so care must be taken not to over-pressure when setting the packer.
Pressure differential from above and below also loads the release shear ring. Equations for
calculating maximum setting pressure, pressure from below, and pressure from above will
be made available when the detailed completion design is carried out.
The AHC packer can be released by one of two methods depending on how it is set up prior
to running. These two methods are:
• Straight pull to release using the calibrated shear ring (shear release feature
limited to 90,000Lbs for 7” packers and 200,000Lbs for 9 5/8” packers).
• Cut to release (chemical or mechanical).
The shear ring release AHC may be chemically cut to release. The chemical cut version has
the features of a permanent packer i.e. it has higher pressure ratings and will withstand
tensile loads equal to the tubing rating without releasing. In order to release an AHC with
chemical cut feature, a chemical cutter is run on electric wireline or coiled tubing and located
across a section of the mandrel. When the cutter is activated, the mandrel is cut and the
packer may be retrieved by straight pull of the tubing. Cutting the mandrel is achieved
without cutting the external components, so the lower half of the packer is still connected to
the upper half and there is no debris left in the well.
The AHC packer is normally supplied with a premium tubing threads compatible with the
tubing string; however, it can be fitted with a Ratch-Latch® upper connection compatible with
the same anchor assemblies used in Perma-Series® packers.
RUN
SET
RELEASE
RETRIEVE
AHC Evolution
AHR AHC IMPROVED AHC
Split Upper Cone. Shear Pin Release. Graduated Shear Ring &
Belt Type Test Feature.
• LARGE ID.
• NO MANDREL MOVEMENT.
Applications
Features
• Small OD
• Triple seal multi-durometer element package
• Adjustable setting pressure
• Adjustable release force
• No mandrel movement when setting
• Bi-directional case-carburized slips holds pressure
differential from above and below
• Spring loaded internal slips mechanically hold the packer
in the set position
• Elements rated up to 10,000 psi
• Straight pull release
Benefits
Selective Head
The G-77 Packer is a Retrievable Single String Double Grip Hydraulic Set
Production Packer which is set by application of tubing pressure and
retrieved by straight pull on the tubing string to a pre-set load. It
incorporates a solid pre-set protection device and an internal pressure
balancing system which makes it ideal for stacked packer and alternate
zone completions. It can be provided in many different versions of
metallurgy and elastomer choice to suit well conditions to 350°F and
operating pressure differentials to 5000 psi.
FEATURES / ADVANTAGES
• Holds forces and pressure differentials from above and below.
• Compact design.
• The packer components are locked into a single rigid unit, by body
lock system, while running in, thus helping to prevent preset. The packer
cannot be set unless the setting sequence is initiated.
• Internal by-pass valve allows for fluid by-pass both when running and
retrieving and provides reliable pressure equalization during unsetting.
• Straight pull release mechanism with slip pick up system in both upper
and lower slips.
• Lower slips are locked to the mandrel upon full release allowing for
downward as well as upward movement thereafter.
Being hydraulic set, the G-77 is especially suitable for directional, highly deviated and
ultra deep wells where tubing rotation and manipulation at the packer is difficult to
achieve.
The zone activated pressure balance system makes the G-77 ideal for stacked packer
and alternate zone completions.
The double grip mechanical slip system provides positive engagement with the casing
and makes the G-77 compatible with standard completion accessories such as on-off
tools.
Can be used in acidizing, treating and testing applications where tubing forces can be
controlled to prevent premature release.
OPERATION
Setting Procedure
A run in the well with junk basket and suitably sized gauge ring or bit and scraper is
recommended prior to running. The location of any tight spots should be noted and
running speed for the packer through these spots should be reduced.
Make up the packer to the tubing string (transmission of make-up torque through the
packer should be avoided) and run the packer to setting depth at the recommended
speed.
Establish a temporary plug in the tubing below the packer by wireline or a ball drop
mechanism and pressure the tubing to achieve a differential pressure, from tubing to
annulus at the packer, equal to the recommended setting pressure (see Selection Guide
on page 4). Hold this applied pressure for 5 minutes.
Unsetting Procedure
Apply pick up load to the tubing string to obtain tensile force at the packer equal to the
preset shear release value.
This will shear the screws and allow for upward mandrel movement which opens the
valve and by-pass allowing pressure equalization across the packing elements.
Continued upward movement will in order, unset the upper slips, allow the rubber to
relax and unset the lower slips latching them to the bottom connection.
Pause 5-10 minutes to allow the rubber to relax and thus reduce drag and the possibility
of swabbing while retrieving.
The packer is run on the production string above the Electrical Submersible
Pump and set in one trip with the application of tubing pressure. It is retrieved by
applying tension on a shear release mechanism. As a contingency, the packer
can also be retrieved by severing the packer mandrel. The packer is qualified to
ISO 14310 V3.
The ESP Packer’s secondary bore allows the ESP cable to be run thru’ the
packer to the surface.
Features
Operating Procedure
The packer is made up to the tubing string and lowered to the desired setting
depth. A means must be provided to plug the tubing string below the packer (
i.e. wireline plug) and allow the tubing string to be pressurised from the surface
to the plugging device below the packer.
Pressure is applied to the tubing string and enters the dual cylinder/piston
cavities through two ports in the mandrel. The pressure forces the retainer
sleeve and cylinder upward shearing the setting shear screws. The element
compresses and is driven up over the ramped element mandrel pushing the
cover sleeve and lower wedge up. This shears the drive loc pins in the bottom
wedge and forces the slip to ramp outward biting into the casing. The internal slip
engages the stationary piston and locks the packer in the set position. The
packer is completely set and is released by straight pull release or by cutting the
mandrel in its designated target cut zone.
The packer is released by a straight pull to overcome the shear ring rating. This
allows the element to relax and the outer components (lower wedge, element
retainer, cylinder) to move down. As the mandrel moves up, the top sub picks-up
the upper wedge and positively retracts the slips. All the packer components and
tailpipe are retrieved from the well.
Running Procedure
1. Make up penetrator to packer adapter. Feed cable through packer bore.
2. Pressure test penetrator.
3. Splice cable above packer.
4. Lower packer into well.
5. When the packer has reached the desired depth, pressure up tubing to 3500 psi
minimum to fully set the packer. Hold for 15 mins and bleed back to zero.
Equipment Overview
The Halliburton RDH Packer is a hydraulic-set packer designed to be set by pressuring up one
side of the packer against a plugging device below the packer. The packer is locked in the set
position mechanically, utilizing spring loaded internal slips. A lower set of mechanical slips is
designed to retain the packer against downward forces, and an upper set of pressure-actuated
bottom slips is designed to retain the packer in the set position against differential pressure
from below. Releasing and retrieving is accomplished by straight upward pull on the tubing
string.
•
The Halliburton RDH Packer offers a variety of head configurations.
The various head configurations allow for both tubing strings to be
connected directly to the packer or one or both tubing strings to be
latched to the packer by means of a retrievable seal unit.
1. The Halliburton RDH Dual Packer is designed for chemical injection, pumping and/or
flowing two zones or tandem in multi-zone wells that are to be selectively produced.
2. When the tree should be set and flanged up before displacing drilling fluids and setting
packers for added safety to rig personnel and equipment, Halliburton hydraulic-set
packers are designed to be run, set, tested and/or released without tubing
manipulation.
4. In shallow wells where the lack of tubing weight to keep a mechanical packer set may
be a problem. With Halliburton hydraulic-set packers, tubing weight is not a factor.
As mentioned the Halliburton RDH Packer has case-carburized slips that hold the packer
securely against downward movement after the packer has been properly set. The slips are
located under the elements, thus keeping debris from settling on the slips which could prevent
release. This helps to simplify releasing and retrieval. The case-carburization process is a
surface-hardening treatment which leaves the rest of the material in the slip in its original low
yield condition. This is important, since pressure reversals on induction hardened slips can
cause crumbling. Case-carburization also assures an evenly distributed hardness layer over
the entire area rather than at the tips of the teeth as might be expected from the induction
hardening process that is more difficult to control.
Case Carburization Evenly Distributed
The three piece element system is used with a soft center and hard end
elements. The hard end elements form against the packer mandrel and the
element retainers of the packer to provide an extrusion barrier for the softer
center element. Each end element has a self-retracting spring molded into
it's outer edge which provides additional protection against element extrusion.
The design of this element package should provide a more reliable seal than
in both high and low pressure applications than other element packages
available today.
In the single piece element design, the rubber is entirely dependent upon
compressive forces to create a seal. This design offers no mechanical
advantages due to geometry. The three elements on Halliburton packers are
free to move independently. Their geometric design forces the elements to
compress between the packer mandrel and the casing to form a positive seal.
The head configurations for the Halliburton RDH Packer are available in
J-slot, collet and collet/sleeve latching arrangements. These latches are
utilized in both short string and long string set packers.
Retrievable Packer
Running In
The dual packer is made up to the primary string, run to the desired depth, spaced out and
landed. The secondary string is run and the seal unit landed in the packer. If the packer has a
dual threaded head, both strings are run and landed simultaneously.
Setting
After sealing the tubing in the setting side below the packer by either dropping a sealing ball or
landing a plug in a nipple below the packer by wireline methods, hydraulic pressure is then
applied through the tubing to initiate the setting procedure. The hydraulic pressure enters the
cylinder and forces the setting piston downward to shear pins and expand the slips and
packing elements. Once set, internal slips are designed to mechanically lock the packer in the
set position. Pressure differential from below the packer's sealing elements energizes the
hold-down buttons.
Retrieving
After pressure differential across the packer is equalized, a straight upward pull on the tubing
string shears the pins designed to release the packer for retrieving. Large bypass areas in the
Halliburton RDH Packer aid in retrieving, self-retracting, sealing elements reduce binding or
swabbing problems.
Hold-Down
Buttons
Shear
Shear
Pins
Pins
Internal Releasing
Slips Pins
Catcher
Sub Catcher
Sub
The RHD with Flat Top is a retrievable hydraulic set dual string packer. It is
designed to run the two strings simultaneously, directly connected to the packer
mandrels. It has one fixed string and one floating string. The floating string
has a nominal travel of 24” through the packer. The packer is set with applied
pressure on the fixed string. It is retrieved by straight pull on either string.
APPLICATIONS
The RHD with Flat Top is used in selective (multiple) dual completions, or as
the upper packer in dual completions. The floating string facilitates installation
of multiple dual packers. Both strings must be run simultaneously.
It can be used in ESP installations with the fixed string connected to the tubing
and the parallel string connected to the cable penetrator.
OPTIONAL VERSIONS
RHD with Scoop Head. With this system, the short string is run and retrieved
independently. It is short string set and is readily converted to long string set.
RHD with Interlock. Both strings can be run simultaneously, or the short string
can be run and retrieved independently. The interlock allows tension on the
long string as well as the short string to be transmitted to the lower slips and
not the shear plate. It cannot be unset unless the short string connector is
removed from the packer receptacle.
OPERATION
Running
When spacing the floating string, take care to prevent set down weight or
tension on the packers. It may prevent the packer from setting normally. The
24” float facilitates this space-out.
After flanging up the tubing to the suspension doughnut and after installing the
wellhead, the well fluids can be displaced by completion fluid in the annulus
and light fluid in the tubing. The displacement rate should not exceed 2 bbl per
minute (300 litres/min) to keep the packer from sealing during circulation.
SETTING
The packer is set by pressuring the setting string (fixed string) to a nominal
value above hydrostatic. This releases the Tripping Piston (29) and unlocks
the mechanical lock (24), allowing the packer to stroke. The hydrostatic head
plus the applied tubing pressure causes the Pack-Off Mandrels (38) to move
downward, packing off the rubber elements and stroking the slips. The setting
force is retained by the Lock Ring (45). To set, establish a temporary plug below
the packer in the tubing string. This may be a wireline plug or by dropping a ball on
seat. Apply the recommended setting pressure and hold for 10 minutes.
The packer uses hydrostatic in the well to assist the setting. The combined hydrostatic plus
tubing pressure must be at least 5000 psi. In wells with less than 2500 psi hydrostatic, the
setting pressure must be greater than 2500 psi to achieve the 5000 psi total setting
pressure.
When running in wells with greater than 7000 psi hydrostatic pressure, the atmospheric
chamber should be disabled, to prevent it from collapsing. This is done by removing the o-
ring from the bleed plug. When the atmospheric chamber is disabled, at least 4500 psi total
applied setting pressure is required.
The hydrostatic pressure acts as constant pack-off force and maintains the elements under
compressive load. This provides automatic compensation of any rubber deformation due to
pressure reversals or temperature changes. The constant pack-off force comes from
hydrostatic pressure against the net area of the Setting Mandrel against the atmospheric
chamber.
If possible, verify set with 10,000# compression and a maximum of 10,000# tension.
Pressure test as necessary, then remove the temporary plug.
RETRIEVING
The packer is unset by straight pull on either string, or by combined pull on each string.
Combined pull on each string is additive, which reduces the required tubing tension to
release the packer. Pulling either string nets an upward force on the fixed string.
Pulling either string shears the Shear Plate (63) and allows the Fixed String (2) to move
upward. The fixed string shoulders the Retaining Plate (27), shears the Set Screws (62),
and releases the Collets (42) from the Setting Mandrel (44). Either string is then pulled
further up and the shoulder on the Pack-Off Mandrel (38) engages the Upper Cone (15),
releasing the packing elements and slips from the casing wall. The packer is then free and
can be retrieved.
Pulling the Floating String (7) causes upward motion of the Limit Plate (59). When the Limit
Plate impinges the Coupling (3), the load is transferred to the Fixed String, effecting the
releasing sequence described above.
Introduction
Halliburton’s BHD packer has been designed to bring new levels of reliability and
performance in dual retrievable packers. This has been accomplished by:
• Reducing the number of elastomeric seals to a minimum and no o-rings above the
element package.
• Using short single piece primary and secondary mandrels to minimize the number
of CRA components where CRA is a requirement, so making packer more cost
effective.
Design Overview
The Halliburton BHD packer is a retrievable, dual hydraulic set production packer.
It is set by pressuring up the tubing string (primary or secondary). The packer is
locked in the set position mechanically by spring loaded internal slips.
The BHD packer can be run above another dual packer or above most types of
single, production packers. When run above another packer the release of the
packer must be considered.
The BHD packer is released by a straight pull on the primary string. This shears
the release screws allowing the packer to stroke to the released position. Pulling
on the secondary side will not assist in releasing the packer.