Science Exploration

[Exploration Document]
[MARS ROVER]
A brief understanding of each sub-topics of a mars rover .
 AUTONOMOUS NAVIGATION
On the surface of Mars, autonomous rover navigation can greatly
enhance daily travel, especially when venturing into uncharted territory
distant from the lander. The stereo camera perception used to create a
representation of the environment and produce trajectories is the
foundation of the autonomous navigation system developed at CNES. It
has been implemented to propagate locomotion and localization problems
together with multiple perception merging. Presented are the algorithms
created for Mars exploration programmes, as well as the vision hardware,
validation tools, experimental platforms, and assessment findings. Also
covered are portability and the assessment of computer capabilities for
use on a Mars rover. The findings demonstrate that the rover's
capabilities are sufficient to execute autonomy with only a very minimal
amount of energy and computation time.
 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Through radio waves, the rover interacts with the orbiters and the DSN.
Through X-band, which has radio waves at a frequency significantly
higher than radio waves utilised by FM stations, they may connect with
one another.
 CONTROL SYSTEM
Depending on the requirements, a control system might include a wide
variety of components. Control systems are created based on potential
mishaps as well as the ambient temperature.
Most often, the components of the navigation, guidance, and control

systems are combined.
Sensors: used to track the direction of the spaceship, the speed at which
it is turning, and how its speed is changing.
Control mechanisms: used to alter the spacecraft's turning, and how its
speed is changing.
 POWER ELECTRONICS
The management of the electrical power supply and distribution for the
many systems and subsystems of a rover is the responsibility of a power
electronic system.
A rover's functioning depends heavily on ensuring adequate power supply

since, even if all subsystems are functional, low power might impair their
operation or even harm them. To guarantee safe operation, take into
consideration built-in safety features.
Perseverance avoids solar power in favour of a method known as multi-

mission radioisotope thermoelectric generation (MMRTG). This is one of
the ways NASA's Curiosity rover is being done. The power generating
system uses thermoelectric generators, as the name suggests, which are
situated next to a chunk of plutonium-238 that is radioactively decaying.
 MANIPULATOR
The autonomous manipulation system has numerous important qualities,
including the capacity to attain the desired state from the existing state,
awareness of its current state and the workspace around it, recognition of
the subjects and objects to interact with in order to perform a task, etc. In
order to help the manipulator comprehend a given objective, take into
account the build configuration (such as DoF, number of joints, kinds of
joints, and number of linkages). How it will utilise the sensory information,
how it will decide and act, and how it will carry out its plans. Think about
the methods and ideas you'll use to accomplish these goals as well.
 LIFE DETECTION SYSTEM

Using its drill, the Perseverance rover will collect samples from Martian
rocks and dirt. The sample cores will subsequently be kept by the rover
on the Martian surface in tubes. "Sample caching" refers to the full
procedure.
Getting the Samples in the First Step
Second step is Sealing and Storing Samples Aboard
The next step is to place the samples on the surface.
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Collecting Samples
The collection of precisely chosen samples of Martian rock and soil is a
major task for the rover. These samples will be placed in tubes and put in
one or more clearly marked locations on Mars' surface. For any future
missions that could visit Mars and collect these materials for scientific
research, comprehensive maps will be made available.
Witness Tubes
Perseverance must satisfy exceptionally high standards of hygiene.
These precautions are used to prevent accidentally bringing terrestrial
pollutants from Earth into Martian samples. The amount of inorganic,
organic, and biological materials from Earth that can be included in the
rover's sample processing system is strictly regulated.
STORING SAMPLE
The sample tube is returned to the rover's belly once a sample has been
taken. From there, it is transferred to the tiny internal robotic arm and sent
to stations for inspection and sealing. Nothing can go inside or outside of
the tube after it has been hermetically sealed. Until the crew selects when
and where to drop the samples out on the surface, the tubes are kept in
the rover's belly.
Samples being deposited on the surface

The samples are placed on Mars' surface at a location the crew
designates as a "sample cache depot" at a time and location of their
choosing. The exact coordinates from orbital measurements and local
landmarks must both be used to identify the depot site or locations. There
is still a stockpile of Mars samples at the depot that can be picked up and
perhaps brought back to Earth.
DESIGN OF ARover( All rounder rover )
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[Exploration Document]

Most often, the components of the navigation, guidance, and control

A rover's functioning depends heavily on ensuring adequate power supply

Perseverance avoids solar power in favour of a method known as multi-

 LIFE DETECTION SYSTEM

Getting the Samples in the First Step

Second step is Sealing and Storing Samples Aboard

The next step is to place the samples on the surface.

Samples being deposited on the surface

DESIGN OF ARover( All rounder rover )

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