Calculation Sheet

ETABS 21.1.0 10/24/2023

B200X600 B200X600 B200X600

B200X600

B200X600

B200X600

B200X600
B200X600
B200X600

B200X600
B200X600 B200X600 B200X600

B200X600 B200X600
B200X600
B200X600

B200X600

B200X600
B200X600

B200X600 B200X600 B200X600

B200X600

B200X600

B200X600

B200X600

B200X600

B200X600
B200X600B200X600
B200X600 B200X600 B200X600
B200X600
B200X600

B200X600

B200X600 B200X600 B200X600

B200X600

B200X600

B200X600
B200X600

B200X600
B200X600

Y
B200X600
B200X600 B200X600
X
B200X600

B200X600

B200X600

3D MODEL.EDB Plan View - PLINTH BEAMS - Z = 2.1 (m)

ETABS 21.1.0 10/24/2023

4.4708
1.6946

-1.1063

-4.2457
-3.6865
2.6068

10.9226 10.9226

6.4753 9.7703
13.8441 13.9529
1.0773
1.7322

-1.031

-5.3986
-4.8942

5.157

2.8581
-5.6124
-7.0575
7.3449

7.2019
4.5295 7.3449
4.5519

-6.0966 -4.771
15.4612

11.2783
1.3125

-4.1578
5.5328

2.7983
0.8512

0.8767

0.4987
-2.1787
-2.2468

8.5918 13.034 4.3261 2.3583

10.906 7.2839
1.33 -2.6028
16.7623

5.5704
0.0203

-9.1409
-7.9579

-1.675 6.7033 -5.4585

0.2808
1.5449

-2.3184 7.8212
10.8029 5.0186
Y
2.3417
4.8013

X
10.4272
6.65

9.6156
9.6156
10.4272

3D MODEL.EDB
Plan View - PLINTH BEAMS - Z = 2.1 (m) Moment 3-3 Diagram (U2:1.4D+1.6L) [tonf-m]
ETABS 21.1.0 10/24/2023

-6.8169
-3.0325

-1.7008
3.8835

4.1512

4.8871
7.847 7.847 8.6481 8.6862
-3.724

3.724

-8.2215 -7.263
2.394

7.367
-7.847 -7.847 -10.5849 -2.394 -10.6508
-3.0615

-1.018
3.8545

4.834

5.8765

-6.7231
-5.2385

3.9169
8.0615
9.9322 4.9248 6.251
-6.251

6.251

4.921

-4.921 -8.4218 -7.0452 -6.251

-13.2864 -1.7277 -11.0011
-5.586 -9.1105

-1.05

1.05

9.177 8.113

5.4666 3.8583 7.7519

2.128 12.3025

7.315 7.4304 4.9315 6.5456

-2.128

-2.8766

-3.8583
-0.6436 -1.3739

1.7277
2.6494
5.586

2.66 6.0932
-7.315 -6.3521 -5.2012 -6.4897
-2.66 -9.177 -8.113
-10.9031

6.5384
13.1699

7.581 3.2372 7.4667 6.4505

-2.6148 -5.9884
-2.926

2.926

4.9805

Y
-5.1683 -6.4505
-5.054

5.054

-7.581 -3.5315
X
-7.448
-5.985

5.985

7.448

7.182 7.182

-7.182 -7.182
-7.448

7.448

3D MODEL.EDB
Plan View - PLINTH BEAMS - Z = 2.1 (m) Shear Force 2-2 Diagram (U2:1.4D+1.6L) [tonf]
ETABS 21.1.0 10/24/2023

B200X600 B200X600 B200X600

B200X600

B200X600

B200X600

B200X600
S170 S170 S170

B200X600 B200X600 B200X600

B200X600 B200X600
B200X600
B200X600

B200X600

B200X600
B200X600

S200
S170

B200X700 B800X350 B200X600

B200X600

B200X600

B200X600

B200X600
S200
B200X600 B500X350
S230
S170
B200X600

B200X700 B200X600 B200X600

B200X600

B200X600

B200X600
B200X700

B200X600
S170
S200
B200X800

Y
B300X800 B300X800
B200X600 B200X600
X
B200X600

B200X600

S230

B200X600

3D MODEL.EDB Plan View - GROUND - Z = 5.9 (m)

ETABS 21.1.0 10/24/2023

5.598
1.8246

-0.9167

-4.8476
-4.6491
6.5329 7.6312 8.7644 7.876

5.6169
1.7857

-1.0475

-4.7946
-4.6454

8.441

4.4548
-9.682
-11.7525
10.9138

11.8655
9.5725 10.2569
6.905

-11.4061 -10.364
16.6487

11.1413
7.1287

-6.5315 -5.7744
2.9497

1.6049

6.5916 5.9684 5.58 8.3346

17.0199

9.1475
0.1707

-11.3105
-10.1767

-3.1027 6.2166 -9.1798

1.5734
3.6707

11.373
17.0375 7.7936
Y
7.0175
6.8019
1.4239

-6.0923
-5.0538

X
12.4358
10.1447

11.6675 11.6675
12.4358

3D MODEL.EDB
Plan View - GROUND - Z = 5.9 (m) Moment 3-3 Diagram (U2:1.4D+1.6L) [tonf-m]
ETABS 21.1.0 10/24/2023

-7.6876
-2.6729

-0.8981
3.3534

4.3065

4.8775
5.2321 5.6856 6.3689 6.1005

-5.3062 -5.8263 -6.5239 -7.7239 -6.213

-2.7137

-0.9667
3.4738

4.3529

4.9012

-11.2013
-6.7862

4.5501
13.7132
18.0164 18.6318 9.5363
-7.58

8.6864

7.3506

-8.7328 -18.5787 -17.4766 -14.3923

-11.3081

-9.3578
-5.428

5.468

8.7292
11.9401 -5.1669 12.0673

11.4841 13.3331 12.9456 12.7262

-1.8751

8.8945 2.1372
4.2582

6.2121
-9.9211 -10.871 -12.9824 -11.1682
-17.5138
-11.6255

-0.9537

7.7203

18.74 6.2618 12.8672 11.4859

-3.8527 -5.6283
-6.952

6.952

8.4545

Y
-6.4454 -7.6886
-11.0325
-1.7892

3.8108

7.6117

-12.312 -7.862
X
-7.4949

-7.4413

7.4413
9.5442

9.1428 9.1428

-9.1428 -9.1428
-7.4413

7.4413

3D MODEL.EDB
Plan View - GROUND - Z = 5.9 (m) Shear Force 2-2 Diagram (U2:1.4D+1.6L) [tonf]
ETABS 21.1.0 10/24/2023

B200X600 B200X600
B200X600
B200X600

B200X600

B200X600
B200X600

S200
S200

B200X700 B800X350 B200X600

B200X600

B200X600

B200X600

B200X600
S200
B200X600 B500X350
S230
S170
B200X600

B200X700 B200X600 B200X600

B200X600

S170
B200X600

B200X600
B200X700

B200X600 B500X350
S170
B200X800

S200
B200X600

Y
B300X800 B300X800
B200X600
X

3D MODEL.EDB Plan View - 1st - Z = 9.5 (m)

ETABS 21.1.0 10/24/2023

8.1719

4.3997
-9.0762
-11.3964
10.1721

11.3465
9.3667 9.9456
6.4907

-10.9234 -10.0346
17.1789

10.9879
7.0629

-6.9402 -6.2463
2.8535

2.6869

8.0754 6.9706 6.5412 8.0496

18.3348

9.0673
0.6926

-11.9484
-10.9726

-2.9634 6.8995 -8.6925

0.6957
3.5893

1.9124

-2.9994 7.5575 8.6838

13.5985
Y 0.5332
3.2016
4.2603
-6.3516
-6.2972

X
8.1352

3D MODEL.EDBPlan View - 1st - Z = 9.5 (m) Moment 3-3 Diagram (U2:1.4D+1.6L) [tonf-m]
ETABS 21.1.0 10/24/2023

-10.6604
-6.6018

4.4721
13.2412
17.8777 19.0088 9.2801
-7.1716

8.2514

7.0832

-8.7931 -18.2852 -17.0231 -13.6865

-11.6956

-9.2037
-5.3859

5.5077

8.6723
12.7553 -5.0749 12.328

13.283 14.6241 13.8389 12.364

-3.2772
3.7581

10.9174 3.9766

6.5381
-11.5024 -12.0948 -13.5635 -10.5863
-17.9968
-12.4422

-2.0132

7.6864

14.6997 5.4907 12.2719 8.5241

-5.0176 -7.0033
-6.798

-2.1499

2.7068
6.798

6.9502 0.966

Y
-0.966 -5.4218 -5.6235
-8.5119
3.878

4.9546

-9.4981 -3.554
X
-5.6919

7.2731

3D MODEL.EDB
Plan View - 1st - Z = 9.5 (m) Shear Force 2-2 Diagram (U2:1.4D+1.6L) [tonf]
ETABS 21.1.0 10/24/2023

Y Z X

0.00 0.50 0.70 0.90 1.00

3D MODEL.EDB 3-D View Column P-M-M Interaction Ratios (BS 8110-97)
**************************************************************************************
Beam: 1
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B87
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.5 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 52.1 64.24 52.1
Shear Forces kN 51.93 38.97 51.93

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 259.25 = 337.02 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 337.02 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 337.02 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.453 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
 = max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 51.93 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.93 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.318 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.93 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
 2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 321.6 = 418.08 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 418.08 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 418.08 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.559 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2
Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2
= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 38.97 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 38.97 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.238 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 38.97 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 259.25 = 337.02 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 337.02 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 337.02 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.453 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 51.93 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.93 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.318 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.93 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok
∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 38.95 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 6.07 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 38.95 + 0.25 * 6.07 = 40.47 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 38.95 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 38.95)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1384.6 * 10^6 mm^4
M.[sus](+) = 40.47 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m
→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 40.47)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1345.77 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 45.02 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 45.02)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1260.32 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.13 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1384.6 * 10^6] = 2.93 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.17 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1345.77 * 10^6] = 3.13
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.3 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1260.32 * 10^6] = 3.72
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 3.72 - 2.93 = 0.79 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4500 / 360 = 12.5 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.79] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 3.13 = 5.46 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 5.46 + 0.79 = 6.25 mm

(Total deflection = 6.25 mm) < (l / 240 = 18.75 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 10
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B104
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 4.4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -49.19 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 29.97 54.55 48.69
Shear Forces kN 76.4 60.34 48.6

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 147.53 = 191.79 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 191.79 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 191.79 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.261 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 244.42 = 317.74 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 317.74 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 317.74 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.428 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 76.4 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001)
= 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 76.4 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(76.4 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) = 0.065
mm^2/m
 (Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4
= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.467 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 10.75 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 271.77 = 353.3 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 353.3 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 353.3 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.475 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 60.34 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 60.34 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.369 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 60.34 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 241.87 = 314.43 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 314.43 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 314.43 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.424 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 48.6 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001)
= 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 48.6 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.297 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 48.6 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 29.5 32.51 0
M.L (kN.m) 4.93 5.64 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 29.5 + 0.25 * 4.93 = 30.73 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 32.51 + 0.25 * 5.64 = 33.92 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel
λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 32.51 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 32.51)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1669.67 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 33.92 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 33.92)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1582.24 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 38.15 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 38.15)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1408 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.8 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1669.67 * 10^6] = 1.74 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.84 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1582.24 * 10^6] = 1.91
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.94 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1408 * 10^6] = 2.42
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 2.42 - 1.74 = 0.68 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4400 / 360 = 12.22 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.68] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 1.91 = 3.33 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 3.33 + 0.68 = 4.01 mm

(Total deflection = 4.01 mm) < (l / 240 = 18.33 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 100
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B140
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B2
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -88.47 -12.77 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 16.23 43.08 42.48
Shear Forces kN 103.29 76.59 44.16
5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 79.38 = 103.19 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 103.19 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 103.19 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.264 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 448.44 = 582.97 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 582.97 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 582.97 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.77 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 103.29 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 103.29 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(103.29 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.227 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.227 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.694 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 37.64 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
 = min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 213.42 = 277.44 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 277.44 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 277.44 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.7 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 62.35 = 81.06 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 81.06 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 81.06 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.207 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 76.59 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 76.59 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(76.59 - 0.75 * 90.78) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 545) = 0.05
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN
Vu/φVn = 0.496 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 8.51 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 132.16 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 210.38 = 273.5 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 273.5 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 273.5 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.69 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 44.16 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 44.16 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

 (Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.286 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 44.16 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 55.49 27.05 0
M.L (kN.m) 6.73 3.26 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 55.49 + 0.25 * 6.73 = 57.17 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 27.05 + 0.25 * 3.26 = 27.86 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 27.05 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 600.76 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 27.05)^2 (1 - (600.76 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1833.14 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 27.86 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 600.76 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 27.86)^2 (1 - (600.76 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1639.3 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 30.31 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 600.76 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 30.31)^2 (1 - (600.76 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1293.18 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.44 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1833.14 * 10^6] = 0.87 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.46 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1639.3 * 10^6] = 1 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.49 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1293.18 * 10^6] =
1.37 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 1.37 - 0.87 = 0.5 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4000 / 360 = 11.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.5] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 1 = 1.76 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 1.76 + 0.5 = 2.26 mm

(Total deflection = 2.26 mm) < (l / 240 = 16.67 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 101
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B2
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark CB1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Cantilever
Beam Clear Span 2.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 300 mm
Beam Depth 800 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -12.34 -46.31 -61.75
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 0 0 0
Shear Forces kN 18.99 33.27 38.03

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 187.21 = 168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 43.91 = 57.08 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 57.08 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 57.08 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -187.21 = -168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.073 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 300* 800 = 240000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 240000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 186.14 kN
= max of [186.14 , 0] → Vc = 186.14 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
 = 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 459.87 kN

∵ (Vc = 186.14 kN) < (Vc.max = 459.87 kN) → Vc = 186.14 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 18.99 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (186.14 + 0.66 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001)
= 681.59 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 18.99 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 300 / 420 , 0.35 * 300 / 420]
= greater of [0.217 , 0.25]
= 0.25 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.25 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 745 * 0.001 = 157.28 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (157.28 + 186.14) = 257.56 kN , 681.59 kN]
= 257.56 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.074 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 18.99 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 745 / 2 = 372.5 mm]
= 372.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 745 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (300 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 212 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 212 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 372.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 187.21 = 168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 165.71 = 215.43 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 215.43 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 215.43 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -187.21 = -168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.275 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 300* 800 = 240000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 240000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

 = [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 186.14 kN
= max of [186.14 , 0] → Vc = 186.14 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 459.87 kN

∵ (Vc = 186.14 kN) < (Vc.max = 459.87 kN) → Vc = 186.14 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 33.27 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (186.14 + 0.66 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001)
= 681.59 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 33.27 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 300 / 420 , 0.35 * 300 / 420]
= greater of [0.217 , 0.25]
= 0.25 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.25 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 745 * 0.001 = 157.28 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (157.28 + 186.14) = 257.56 kN , 681.59 kN]
= 257.56 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.129 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 33.27 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 745 / 2 = 372.5 mm]
= 372.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 745 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (300 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 212 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 212 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 372.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
 1 4 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 187.21 = 168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 221.54 = 288 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 288 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 288 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -187.21 = -168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.366 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 300* 800 = 240000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

 = min of [0 / (6 * 240000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 186.14 kN
= max of [186.14 , 0] → Vc = 186.14 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 459.87 kN

∵ (Vc = 186.14 kN) < (Vc.max = 459.87 kN) → Vc = 186.14 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 38.03 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (186.14 + 0.66 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001)
= 681.59 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 38.03 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 300 / 420 , 0.35 * 300 / 420]
= greater of [0.217 , 0.25]
= 0.25 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.25 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 745 * 0.001 = 157.28 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (157.28 + 186.14) = 257.56 kN , 681.59 kN]
= 257.56 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.148 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 38.03 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 745 / 2 = 372.5 mm]
= 372.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 745 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (300 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 212 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 212 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 372.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 0 44.11
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 44.11 + 0.25 * 0 = 44.11 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : END (J)

-------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 800 / 2 = 400 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 300 * 800^3 / 12 = 12800 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 300 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.056 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.056 * 745 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 745) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.056 =
137.95 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 300 * (137.95)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (745 - 137.95)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (137.95 -
55)^2 = 2266.09 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 12800 * 10^6 / 400] * 10^-6 = 97.2 kN.m

M.[D](-) = 44.11 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 64.8 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](-) = Ig =12800000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](-) = 44.11 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 64.8 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](-) = Ig =12800000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](-) = 44.11 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 64.8 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](-) = Ig =12800000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.58 * [12800 * 10^6] / [12800 * 10^6] = 0.58 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.59 * [12800 * 10^6] / [12800 * 10^6] = 0.59
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.64 * [12800 * 10^6] / [12800 * 10^6] = 0.64
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.64 - 0.58 = 0.07 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2600 / 360 = 7.22 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.07] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (300 * 745) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.76

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.76 * 0.59 = 1.04 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 1.04 + 0.07 = 1.11 mm

(Total deflection = 1.11 mm) < (l / 240 = 10.83 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 102
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B142
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 2.2 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 35.2 35.2 35.2
Shear Forces kN 66.67 40 66.67
5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 173.72 = 225.83 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 225.83 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 225.83 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.572 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m
Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 66.67 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 66.67 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.432 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 66.67 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
 = min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 173.72 = 225.83 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 225.83 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 225.83 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.572 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 40 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001) =
332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 40 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.259 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 40 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 173.72 = 225.83 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 225.83 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 225.83 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.572 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 66.67 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 66.67 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
 = 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.432 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 66.67 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 19.93 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 4.56 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 19.93 + 0.25 * 4.56 = 21.07 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm
Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2
= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 19.93 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 21.07 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 24.49 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 600.76 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 24.49)^2 (1 - (600.76 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 3340.78 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3340.78 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0 - 0 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2200 / 360 = 6.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0 = 0 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0 + 0 = 0 mm

(Total deflection = 0 mm) < (l / 240 = 9.17 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 103
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B143
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B7
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 92.7 109.1 95.75
Shear Forces kN 90.52 79.82 86.09

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 470.92 = 612.2 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 612.2 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 612.2 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.579 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 90.52 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
 → The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 90.52 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(90.52 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.171
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.171 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.632 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 27.31 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 559.11 = 726.84 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 726.84 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 726.84 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.682 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
 = 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN
Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 79.82 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 79.82 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(79.82 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.104
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.557 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 16.61 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
 2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 487.2 = 633.36 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 633.36 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 633.36 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.598 < 1 → Ok
5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 86.09 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 86.09 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(86.09 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.144
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.601 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 22.88 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 69.12 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 7.71 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 69.12 + 0.25 * 7.71 = 71.05 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 506 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 506) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
159.23 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (159.23)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (506 - 159.23)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (159.23 -
55)^2 = 1259.6 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 69.12 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 69.12)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1369.64 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 71.05 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 71.05)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
 = 1363.27 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 76.83 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 76.83)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1347.2 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.52 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1369.64 * 10^6] = 3.99 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.56 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1363.27 * 10^6] = 4.12
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.68 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1347.2 * 10^6] = 4.5
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 4.5 - 3.99 = 0.51 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4000 / 360 = 11.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.51] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 506) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 4.12 = 7.15 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 7.15 + 0.51 = 7.66 mm

(Total deflection = 7.66 mm) < (l / 240 = 16.67 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 104
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B144
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B6
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -106.04 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 55.79 92.31 85.95
Shear Forces kN 170.01 123.41 77.68

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@120

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 278.12 = 361.55 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 361.55 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 361.55 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.485 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 542.53 = 705.29 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 705.29 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 705.29 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -177.85 = -160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.662 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 170.01 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 170.01 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(170.01 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.67
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
 = greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.67 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 120 = 0.838 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.838 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 178.04 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (178.04 + 84.28) = 196.74 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 196.74 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.864 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 106.8 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 120 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@120

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 468.84 = 609.5 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 609.5 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 609.5 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.803 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 123.41 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 123.41 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(123.41 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.349 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.349 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 120 = 0.838 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.838 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 184.9 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (184.9 + 87.53) = 204.32 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 204.32 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.604 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 57.76 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 120 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@120

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 435.09 = 565.62 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 565.62 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 565.62 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.748 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
 = 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
 = max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 77.68 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 77.68 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(77.68 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.073 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 120 = 0.838 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.838 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 184.9 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (184.9 + 87.53) = 204.32 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 204.32 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.38 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 12.03 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 120 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 67.32 58.33 0
M.L (kN.m) 7.36 6.66 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 67.32 + 0.25 * 7.36 = 69.16 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 58.33 + 0.25 * 6.66 = 60 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.885 * 74.5 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.037 =
134.45 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (134.45)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 134.45)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (134.45 -
74.5)^2 = 996.94 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 58.33 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 996.94 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 58.33)^2 (1 - (996.94 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1139.99 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 60 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 996.94 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 60)^2 (1 - (996.94 * 10^6) / (3600
* 10^6))]
= 1131.11 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 64.99 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 996.94 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 64.99)^2 (1 - (996.94 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1109.05 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.16 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1139.99 * 10^6] = 3.67 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.19 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1131.11 * 10^6] = 3.8
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.29 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1109.05 * 10^6] =
4.19 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 4.19 - 3.67 = 0.52 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4000 / 360 = 11.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.52] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.006

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.006] = 1.55

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.55 * 3.8 = 5.88 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 5.88 + 0.52 = 6.4 mm

(Total deflection = 6.4 mm) < (l / 240 = 16.67 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 105
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B145
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 3.2 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 -12.36 -32.69
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 25.78 30.18 12.48
Shear Forces kN 34.28 66.1 69.39

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 126.65 = 164.65 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 164.65 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 164.65 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.419 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 34.28 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 34.28 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.222 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 34.28 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 148.58 = 193.16 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 193.16 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 193.16 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.49 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 60.34 = 78.44 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 78.44 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 78.44 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.201 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 66.1 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001) =
332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 66.1 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN
Vu/φVn = 0.428 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 66.1 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 60.93 = 79.21 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 79.21 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 79.21 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.203 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 161.13 = 209.47 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 209.47 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 209.47 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.531 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 69.39 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 69.39 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(69.39 - 0.75 * 90.78) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 545) = 0.008
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement
(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.449 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 1.31 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 132.16 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 18.21 19.4
M.L (kN.m) 0 2.93 3.45

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 18.21 + 0.25 * 2.93 = 18.94 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 19.4 + 0.25 * 3.45 = 20.26 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 18.21 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 18.94 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 21.14 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.25 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.25 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.26 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.26 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.29 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.29
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.29 - 0.25 = 0.04 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3200 / 360 = 8.89 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.04] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.26 = 0.45 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.45 + 0.04 = 0.49 mm

(Total deflection = 0.49 mm) < (l / 240 = 13.33 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 11
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B106
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B7
Design Code ACI 318-19
2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.7 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 84.94 107.09 91.46
Shear Forces kN 74.46 62.6 85.38

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 429.75 = 558.68 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 558.68 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 558.68 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.531 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam
∵ (Vu = 74.46 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 74.46 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(74.46 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.071
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.52 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 11.25 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 548.21 = 712.68 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 712.68 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 712.68 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.669 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2
Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)
= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 62.6 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001) =
308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 62.6 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.437 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 62.6 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 464.32 = 603.62 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 603.62 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 603.62 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.571 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3
nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc
Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 85.38 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 85.38 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(85.38 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.139
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.596 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 22.17 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection
=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 67.19 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 8.14 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 67.19 + 0.25 * 8.14 = 69.22 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 506 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 506) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
159.23 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (159.23)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (506 - 159.23)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (159.23 -
55)^2 = 1259.6 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 67.19 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 67.19)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1376.65 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 69.22 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
 = 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 69.22)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1369.28 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 75.33 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 75.33)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1350.98 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 2.03 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1376.65 * 10^6] = 5.31 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 2.09 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1369.28 * 10^6] = 5.5
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2.27 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1350.98 * 10^6] =
6.05 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 6.05 - 5.31 = 0.74 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4700 / 360 = 13.06 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.74] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 506) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 5.5 = 9.54 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 9.54 + 0.74 = 10.28 mm

(Total deflection = 10.28 mm) < (l / 240 = 19.58 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 110
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B146
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark HB1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 2.7 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 500 mm
Beam Depth 350 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 19.76 25.3 23.83
Shear Forces kN 32.34 32.34 38.29

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 500 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.020735 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 90.24 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 179.45 = 233.29 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 233.29 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 233.29 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0207

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0207) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 90.24 = 81.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.243 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 500 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.020735 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 90.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0207

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0207) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 90.24 = 81.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 500* 350 = 175000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 175000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 500 * 295 * 0.001 = 122.84 kN
= max of [122.84 , 0] → Vc = 122.84 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 500 * 295 * 0.001 = 303.49 kN

∵ (Vc = 122.84 kN) < (Vc.max = 303.49 kN) → Vc = 122.84 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 32.34 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (122.84 + 0.66 * √24 * 500 * 295 * 0.001)
= 449.82 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 32.34 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 122.84 = 92.13 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 500 / 420 , 0.35 * 500 / 420]
= greater of [0.362 , 0.417]
= 0.417 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.417 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement
(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 122.84) = 225.59 kN , 449.82 kN]
= 225.59 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.143 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 32.34 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 122.84 = 92.13 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (500 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 137.33

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 137.33 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 500 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.020735 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 90.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 230.6 = 299.78 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 299.78 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 299.78 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0207

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0207) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 90.24 = 81.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.311 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 500 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.020735 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 90.24 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0207

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0207) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 90.24 = 81.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 500* 350 = 175000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 175000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 500 * 295 * 0.001 = 122.84 kN
= max of [122.84 , 0] → Vc = 122.84 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 500 * 295 * 0.001 = 303.49 kN

∵ (Vc = 122.84 kN) < (Vc.max = 303.49 kN) → Vc = 122.84 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 32.34 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (122.84 + 0.66 * √24 * 500 * 295 * 0.001)
= 449.82 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 32.34 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 122.84 = 92.13 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

 = greater of [0.062 * √24 * 500 / 420 , 0.35 * 500 / 420]
= greater of [0.362 , 0.417]
= 0.417 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.417 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 122.84) = 225.59 kN , 449.82 kN]
= 225.59 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.143 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 32.34 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 122.84 = 92.13 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (500 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 137.33

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 137.33 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 500 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.020735 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 90.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 216.99 = 282.09 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 282.09 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 282.09 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0207

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0207) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 90.24 = 81.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.293 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 500 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.020735 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 90.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0207

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0207) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 90.24 = 81.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 500* 350 = 175000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 175000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 500 * 295 * 0.001 = 122.84 kN
= max of [122.84 , 0] → Vc = 122.84 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 500 * 295 * 0.001 = 303.49 kN

∵ (Vc = 122.84 kN) < (Vc.max = 303.49 kN) → Vc = 122.84 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 38.29 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (122.84 + 0.66 * √24 * 500 * 295 * 0.001)
= 449.82 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate
→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 38.29 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 122.84 = 92.13 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 500 / 420 , 0.35 * 500 / 420]
= greater of [0.362 , 0.417]
= 0.417 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.417 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 122.84) = 225.59 kN , 449.82 kN]
= 225.59 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.17 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 38.29 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 122.84 = 92.13 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (500 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 137.33

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 137.33 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 15.63 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 2.14 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 15.63 + 0.25 * 2.14 = 16.16 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69
→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 350 / 2 = 175 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 500 * 350^3 / 12 = 1786.46 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 769.69 mm^2
A's = 769.69 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 500 / (8.69 * 769.69) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 769.69] / (8.69 * 769.69) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 295 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 295) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 = 73.92
mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 500 * (73.92)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 769.69 * (295 - 73.92)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 769.69 * (73.92 -
55)^2 = 396.21 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 1786.46 * 10^6 / 175] * 10^-6 = 31.01 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 15.63 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 20.67 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =1786458333.33 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 16.16 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 20.67 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =1786458333.33 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 17.77 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 20.67 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =1786458333.33 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.29 * [1786.46 * 10^6] / [1786.46 * 10^6] = 0.29 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.3 * [1786.46 * 10^6] / [1786.46 * 10^6] = 0.3
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.34 * [1786.46 * 10^6] / [1786.46 * 10^6] =
0.34 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.34 - 0.29 = 0.04 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2700 / 360 = 7.5 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.04] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 769.69 / (500 * 295) = 0.005

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.005] = 1.59

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.59 * 0.3 = 0.48 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.48 + 0.04 = 0.52 mm

(Total deflection = 0.52 mm) < (l / 240 = 11.25 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 111
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B147
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark HB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 5 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 800 mm
Beam Depth 350 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 48.95 67.51 50.12
Shear Forces kN 51.83 48.64 53.18

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 7 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 32.63 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 32.63 = 27.73 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 27.73 * 800 * 0.001 = 452.58 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.024126 -420 -452.58

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 1077.57 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 1077.57 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 447.72 = 582.03 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 582.03 mm^2
∵ (As = 1077.57 mm^2) > (As.min = 582.03 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0241

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0241) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.24 = 114.51 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.427 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 18.64 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 18.64 = 15.85 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 15.85 * 800 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
295 -0.04447 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 74.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0445

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0445) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 74.24 = 66.82 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 800* 350 = 280000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 280000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2
Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)
= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 800 * 295 * 0.001 = 196.55 kN
= max of [196.55 , 0] → Vc = 196.55 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 800 * 295 * 0.001 = 485.59 kN

∵ (Vc = 196.55 kN) < (Vc.max = 485.59 kN) → Vc = 196.55 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 51.83 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (196.55 + 0.66 * √24 * 800 * 295 * 0.001)
= 719.71 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.83 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 196.55 = 147.41 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 800 / 420 , 0.35 * 800 / 420]
= greater of [0.579 , 0.667]
= 0.667 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.667 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 196.55) = 280.87 kN , 719.71 kN]
= 280.87 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.185 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.83 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 196.55 = 147.41 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (800 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 237.33

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 237.33 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 7 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 32.63 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 32.63 = 27.73 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 27.73 * 800 * 0.001 = 452.58 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.024126 -420 -452.58

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 1077.57 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 1077.57 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 622.31 = 809 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 809 mm^2
∵ (As = 1077.57 mm^2) > (As.min = 809 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0241

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0241) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.24 = 114.51 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.59 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 18.64 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 18.64 = 15.85 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 15.85 * 800 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
295 -0.04447 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 74.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0445

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0445) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 74.24 = 66.82 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 800* 350 = 280000 mm^2
Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2
= min of [0 / (6 * 280000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 800 * 295 * 0.001 = 196.55 kN
= max of [196.55 , 0] → Vc = 196.55 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 800 * 295 * 0.001 = 485.59 kN

∵ (Vc = 196.55 kN) < (Vc.max = 485.59 kN) → Vc = 196.55 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 48.64 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (196.55 + 0.66 * √24 * 800 * 295 * 0.001)
= 719.71 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 48.64 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 196.55 = 147.41 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 800 / 420 , 0.35 * 800 / 420]
= greater of [0.579 , 0.667]
= 0.667 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.667 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 196.55) = 280.87 kN , 719.71 kN]
= 280.87 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.173 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 48.64 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 196.55 = 147.41 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (800 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 237.33

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 237.33 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 7 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 32.63 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 32.63 = 27.73 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 27.73 * 800 * 0.001 = 452.58 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.024126 -420 -452.58

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 1077.57 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 1077.57 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 458.64 = 596.23 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 596.23 mm^2
∵ (As = 1077.57 mm^2) > (As.min = 596.23 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0241

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0241) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.24 = 114.51 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.438 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 18.64 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 18.64 = 15.85 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 15.85 * 800 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
295 -0.04447 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 74.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0445

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0445) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 74.24 = 66.82 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 800* 350 = 280000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 280000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 800 * 295 * 0.001 = 196.55 kN
= max of [196.55 , 0] → Vc = 196.55 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 800 * 295 * 0.001 = 485.59 kN

∵ (Vc = 196.55 kN) < (Vc.max = 485.59 kN) → Vc = 196.55 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 53.18 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (196.55 + 0.66 * √24 * 800 * 295 * 0.001)
= 719.71 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 53.18 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 196.55 = 147.41 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 800 / 420 , 0.35 * 800 / 420]
= greater of [0.579 , 0.667]
= 0.667 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.667 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 196.55) = 280.87 kN , 719.71 kN]
= 280.87 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.189 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 53.18 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 196.55 = 147.41 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (800 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 237.33

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 237.33 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 38.14 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 8.84 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 38.14 + 0.25 * 8.84 = 40.35 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 350 / 2 = 175 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 800 * 350^3 / 12 = 2858.33 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 1077.57 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 800 / (8.69 * 1077.57) = 0.085 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 1077.57) = 0.506
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.085 * 295 * (1 + 0.506 * 55 / 295) + (1 + 0.506)^2) - (1 + 0.506)] / 0.085 = 71.06
mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 800 * (71.06)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 1077.57 * (295 - 71.06)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (71.06 -
55)^2 = 566.3 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 2858.33 * 10^6 / 175] * 10^-6 = 49.61 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 38.14 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 566.3 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 38.14)^2 (1 - (566.3 * 10^6) /
(2858.33 * 10^6))]
= 1426.4 * 10^6 mm^4
M.[sus](+) = 40.35 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m
→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 566.3 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 40.35)^2 (1 - (566.3 * 10^6) /
(2858.33 * 10^6))]
= 1227.73 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 46.98 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 566.3 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 46.98)^2 (1 - (566.3 * 10^6) /
(2858.33 * 10^6))]
= 939.78 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.52 * [2858.33 * 10^6] / [1426.4 * 10^6] = 3.05 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.61 * [2858.33 * 10^6] / [1227.73 * 10^6] =
3.76 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.89 * [2858.33 * 10^6] / [939.78 * 10^6] =
5.74 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 5.74 - 3.05 = 2.69 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 5000 / 360 = 13.89 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 2.69] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (800 * 295) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.77

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.77 * 3.76 = 6.65 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 6.65 + 2.69 = 9.33 mm

(Total deflection = 9.33 mm) < (l / 240 = 20.83 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 12
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B107
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B6
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa
3. Beam Geometry and Properties
===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 5 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 -11.75 -110.93
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 72.2 84.35 28.84
Shear Forces kN 67.42 100.35 132.15

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@120

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 362.91 = 471.78 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 471.78 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 471.78 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.628 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 67.42 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 67.42 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(67.42 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.011 mm^2/m
 (Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4
= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 120 = 0.838 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.838 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 184.9 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (184.9 + 87.53) = 204.32 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 204.32 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.33 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 1.77 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 120 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@120

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 426.64 = 554.63 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 554.63 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 554.63 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.734 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 57.35 = 74.55 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 74.55 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 74.55 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.102 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam
∵ (Vu = 100.35 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 100.35 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(100.35 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.21 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.21 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 120 = 0.838 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.838 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 184.9 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (184.9 + 87.53) = 204.32 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 204.32 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.491 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 34.7 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 120 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@120

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 141.89 = 184.46 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 184.46 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 184.46 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.251 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 569.05 = 739.77 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 739.77 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 739.77 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -177.85 = -160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.693 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
 = min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 132.15 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 132.15 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(132.15 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.433
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.433 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 120 = 0.838 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.838 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 178.04 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (178.04 + 84.28) = 196.74 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 196.74 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.672 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 68.94 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 120 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 52.38 69.59
M.L (kN.m) 0 6.89 8.44

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 52.38 + 0.25 * 6.89 = 54.1 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 69.59 + 0.25 * 8.44 = 71.7 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.885 * 74.5 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.037 =
134.45 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (134.45)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 134.45)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (134.45 -
74.5)^2 = 996.94 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 52.38 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 996.94 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 52.38)^2 (1 - (996.94 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1180.66 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 54.1 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 996.94 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 54.1)^2 (1 - (996.94 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1167.18 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 59.27 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
 = 996.94 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 59.27)^2 (1 - (996.94 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1134.87 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.55 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1180.66 * 10^6] = 4.74 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.6 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1167.18 * 10^6] = 4.95
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.76 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1134.87 * 10^6] =
5.57 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 5.57 - 4.74 = 0.84 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 5000 / 360 = 13.89 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.84] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.006

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.006] = 1.55

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.55 * 4.95 = 7.66 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 7.66 + 0.84 = 8.49 mm

(Total deflection = 8.49 mm) < (l / 240 = 20.83 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 13
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B110
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B9
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 700 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 127.3 165.2 146.67
Shear Forces kN 111.92 100.31 119.06

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 545.91 = 709.68 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 709.68 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 709.68 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.653 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 111.92 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 *
0.001) = 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 111.92 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(111.92 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) = 0.19
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.19 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.652 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 36.22 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 606 , 1.4 * 200 * 606 / 420]
= larger of [353.43 mm^2 , 404 mm^2]
= 404 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 404 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.847 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 100.31 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 *
0.001) = 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 100.31 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(100.31 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) =
0.129 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.584 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 24.61 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 633.61 = 823.69 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 823.69 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 823.69 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.752 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
 = 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 119.06 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 *
0.001) = 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 119.06 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(119.06 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) =
0.227 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.227 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.694 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 43.36 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 103.28 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 12.88 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 103.28 + 0.25 * 12.88 = 106.5 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel
λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 700 / 2 = 350 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 700^3 / 12 = 5716.67 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 606 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 606) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
177.44 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (177.44)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (606 - 177.44)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (177.44 -
55)^2 = 1881.43 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 5716.67 * 10^6 / 350] * 10^-6 = 49.61 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 103.28 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 103.28)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 2020.44 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 106.5 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 106.5)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 2011.59 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 116.16 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 116.16)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 1989.65 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.9 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [2020.44 * 10^6] = 5.38 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.96 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [2011.59 * 10^6] =
5.57 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2.13 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [1989.65 * 10^6] =
6.13 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 6.13 - 5.38 = 0.76 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4600 / 360 = 12.78 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.76] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 606) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.77

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.77 * 5.57 = 9.88 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 9.88 + 0.76 = 10.64 mm

(Total deflection = 10.64 mm) < (l / 240 = 19.17 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 131
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B1
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B11
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 2.3 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 800 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 5.23 5.23 5.23
Shear Forces kN 9.47 5.68 9.47
5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.026971 -420 -129.31
706 -0.025402 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 179.43 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 725.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 18.6 = 24.17 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 24.17 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 24.17 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.027

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.027) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 179.43 = 161.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.032 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.026971 -420 -129.31
706 -0.025402 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 179.43 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 725.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.027

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.027) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 179.43 = 161.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 800 = 160000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 160000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 725.5 * 0.001 = 120.84 kN
= max of [120.84 , 0] → Vc = 120.84 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 725.5 * 0.001 = 298.55 kN

∵ (Vc = 120.84 kN) < (Vc.max = 298.55 kN) → Vc = 120.84 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 9.47 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (120.84 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 725.5 *
0.001) = 442.5 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 9.47 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 120.84 = 90.63 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 725.5 * 0.001 = 153.16 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (153.16 + 120.84) = 205.51 kN , 442.5 kN]
= 205.51 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.046 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 9.47 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 120.84 = 90.63 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 725.5 / 2 = 362.75 mm]
= 362.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 725.5 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 362.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.026971 -420 -129.31
706 -0.025402 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 179.43 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 725.5 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 18.6 = 24.17 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 24.17 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 24.17 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.027

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.027) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 179.43 = 161.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.032 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.026971 -420 -129.31
706 -0.025402 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 179.43 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 725.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.027

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.027) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 179.43 = 161.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 800 = 160000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 160000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 725.5 * 0.001 = 120.84 kN
= max of [120.84 , 0] → Vc = 120.84 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 725.5 * 0.001 = 298.55 kN

∵ (Vc = 120.84 kN) < (Vc.max = 298.55 kN) → Vc = 120.84 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 5.68 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (120.84 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 725.5 *
0.001) = 442.5 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 5.68 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 120.84 = 90.63 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm
Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 725.5 * 0.001 = 153.16 kN
φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (153.16 + 120.84) = 205.51 kN , 442.5 kN]
= 205.51 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.028 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 5.68 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 120.84 = 90.63 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 725.5 / 2 = 362.75 mm]
= 362.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 725.5 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 362.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.026971 -420 -129.31
706 -0.025402 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 179.43 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 725.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 18.6 = 24.17 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 24.17 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 24.17 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.027

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.027) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 179.43 = 161.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.032 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.026971 -420 -129.31
706 -0.025402 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 179.43 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 725.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.027

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.027) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 179.43 = 161.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 800 = 160000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 160000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 725.5 * 0.001 = 120.84 kN
= max of [120.84 , 0] → Vc = 120.84 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 725.5 * 0.001 = 298.55 kN

∵ (Vc = 120.84 kN) < (Vc.max = 298.55 kN) → Vc = 120.84 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 9.47 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (120.84 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 725.5 *
0.001) = 442.5 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 9.47 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 120.84 = 90.63 kN )
→ Av/s = 0
 (Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4
= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 725.5 * 0.001 = 153.16 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (153.16 + 120.84) = 205.51 kN , 442.5 kN]
= 205.51 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.046 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 9.47 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 120.84 = 90.63 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 725.5 / 2 = 362.75 mm]
= 362.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 725.5 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 362.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 3.74 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 3.74 + 0.25 * 0 = 3.74 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 800 / 2 = 400 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 800^3 / 12 = 8533.33 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 725.5 * (1 + 0.885 * 74.5 / 725.5) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.037 =
161.42 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (161.42)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (725.5 - 161.42)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (161.42 -
74.5)^2 = 2018.01 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 8533.33 * 10^6 / 400] * 10^-6 = 64.8 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 3.74 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 43.2 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =8533333333.33 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 3.74 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 43.2 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =8533333333.33 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 3.74 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 43.2 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =8533333333.33 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0 * [8533.33 * 10^6] / [8533.33 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0 * [8533.33 * 10^6] / [8533.33 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0 * [8533.33 * 10^6] / [8533.33 * 10^6] = 0
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0 - 0 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2300 / 360 = 6.39 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (200 * 725.5) = 0.004

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.004] = 1.65

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.65 * 0 = 0 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0 + 0 = 0 mm

(Total deflection = 0 mm) < (l / 240 = 9.58 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 132
**************************************************************************************
1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B3
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark HB1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 2.7 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 500 mm
Beam Depth 350 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 15.09 18.68 17.33
Shear Forces kN 21.21 21.21 26.59

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 500 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.020735 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 90.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 136.63 = 177.62 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 177.62 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 177.62 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0207

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0207) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 90.24 = 81.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.186 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 500 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.020735 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 90.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0207

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0207) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 90.24 = 81.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 500* 350 = 175000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 175000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 500 * 295 * 0.001 = 122.84 kN
= max of [122.84 , 0] → Vc = 122.84 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 500 * 295 * 0.001 = 303.49 kN
∵ (Vc = 122.84 kN) < (Vc.max = 303.49 kN) → Vc = 122.84 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 21.21 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (122.84 + 0.66 * √24 * 500 * 295 * 0.001)
= 449.82 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 21.21 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 122.84 = 92.13 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 500 / 420 , 0.35 * 500 / 420]
= greater of [0.362 , 0.417]
= 0.417 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.417 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 122.84) = 225.59 kN , 449.82 kN]
= 225.59 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.094 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 21.21 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 122.84 = 92.13 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (500 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 137.33

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 137.33 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 500 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.020735 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 90.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 169.52 = 220.38 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 220.38 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 220.38 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0207

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0207) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 90.24 = 81.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.23 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 500 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.020735 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 90.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0207

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0207) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 90.24 = 81.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 500* 350 = 175000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 175000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

 = [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 500 * 295 * 0.001 = 122.84 kN
= max of [122.84 , 0] → Vc = 122.84 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 500 * 295 * 0.001 = 303.49 kN

∵ (Vc = 122.84 kN) < (Vc.max = 303.49 kN) → Vc = 122.84 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 21.21 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (122.84 + 0.66 * √24 * 500 * 295 * 0.001)
= 449.82 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 21.21 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 122.84 = 92.13 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 500 / 420 , 0.35 * 500 / 420]
= greater of [0.362 , 0.417]
= 0.417 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.417 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 122.84) = 225.59 kN , 449.82 kN]
= 225.59 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.094 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 21.21 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 122.84 = 92.13 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (500 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 137.33

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 137.33 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 500 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.020735 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 90.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 157.14 = 204.28 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 204.28 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 204.28 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0207

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0207) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 90.24 = 81.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.213 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 500 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.020735 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 90.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0207

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0207) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 90.24 = 81.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 500* 350 = 175000 mm^2
Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2
= min of [0 / (6 * 175000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 500 * 295 * 0.001 = 122.84 kN
= max of [122.84 , 0] → Vc = 122.84 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 500 * 295 * 0.001 = 303.49 kN

∵ (Vc = 122.84 kN) < (Vc.max = 303.49 kN) → Vc = 122.84 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 26.59 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (122.84 + 0.66 * √24 * 500 * 295 * 0.001)
= 449.82 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 26.59 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 122.84 = 92.13 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 500 / 420 , 0.35 * 500 / 420]
= greater of [0.362 , 0.417]
= 0.417 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.417 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 122.84) = 225.59 kN , 449.82 kN]
= 225.59 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.118 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 26.59 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 122.84 = 92.13 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (500 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 137.33

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 137.33 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
 Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 11.67 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 1.47 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 11.67 + 0.25 * 1.47 = 12.04 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 350 / 2 = 175 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 500 * 350^3 / 12 = 1786.46 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 769.69 mm^2
A's = 769.69 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 500 / (8.69 * 769.69) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 769.69] / (8.69 * 769.69) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 295 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 295) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 = 73.92
mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 500 * (73.92)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 769.69 * (295 - 73.92)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 769.69 * (73.92 -
55)^2 = 396.21 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 1786.46 * 10^6 / 175] * 10^-6 = 31.01 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 11.67 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 20.67 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =1786458333.33 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 12.04 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 20.67 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =1786458333.33 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 13.14 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 20.67 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =1786458333.33 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.21 * [1786.46 * 10^6] / [1786.46 * 10^6] = 0.21 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.21 * [1786.46 * 10^6] / [1786.46 * 10^6] =
0.21 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.23 * [1786.46 * 10^6] / [1786.46 * 10^6] =
0.23 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.23 - 0.21 = 0.02 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2700 / 360 = 7.5 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.02] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 769.69 / (500 * 295) = 0.005

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.005] = 1.59

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.59 * 0.21 = 0.34 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.34 + 0.02 = 0.36 mm

(Total deflection = 0.36 mm) < (l / 240 = 11.25 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 134
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B106
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.7 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 62.68 79.28 67.75
Shear Forces kN 53.59 48.32 60.83

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 313.54 = 407.6 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 407.6 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 407.6 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.545 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 53.59 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 53.59 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.328 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 53.59 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 399.94 = 519.92 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 519.92 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 519.92 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.69 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 48.32 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 48.32 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.295 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 48.32 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 339.77 = 441.7 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 441.7 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 441.7 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.589 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 60.83 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 60.83 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m
 → (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.372 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 60.83 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 47.15 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 8.29 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 47.15 + 0.25 * 8.29 = 49.22 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2
The cracked section properties are the following:
a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 47.15 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 47.15)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1231.27 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 49.22 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 49.22)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1207.59 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 55.44 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 55.44)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1155.21 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.43 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1231.27 * 10^6] = 4.18 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.49 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1207.59 * 10^6] = 4.44
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.68 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1155.21 * 10^6] =
5.22 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 5.22 - 4.18 = 1.05 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4700 / 360 = 13.06 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 1.05] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 4.44 = 7.75 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 7.75 + 1.05 = 8.8 mm
(Total deflection = 8.8 mm) < (l / 240 = 19.58 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 135
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B107
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 5 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 -4.38 -80.31
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 58.96 70 27.28
Shear Forces kN 52.25 79.62 98.49

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 294.38 = 382.7 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 382.7 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 382.7 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.513 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2
Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)
= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 52.25 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 52.25 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.319 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 52.25 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 351.45 = 456.89 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 456.89 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 456.89 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.609 < 1 → Ok
5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 21.3 = 27.7 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 27.7 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 27.7 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.071 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3
nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc
Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 79.62 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 79.62 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(79.62 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.084 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.487 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 13.97 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)
********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 134.12 = 174.36 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 174.36 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 174.36 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.237 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 405.35 = 526.96 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 526.96 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 526.96 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.699 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 98.49 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 98.49 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(98.49 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.198 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.198 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.602 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 32.84 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
 = 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 41.93 48.25
M.L (kN.m) 0 7.06 7.97

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 41.93 + 0.25 * 7.06 = 43.7 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 48.25 + 0.25 * 7.97 = 50.24 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m
M.[D](+) = 41.93 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m
→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 41.93)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1313.97 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 43.7 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 43.7)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1281.4 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 48.99 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 48.99)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1210.05 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.27 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1313.97 * 10^6] = 3.49 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.33 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1281.4 * 10^6] = 3.73
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.49 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1210.05 * 10^6] =
4.43 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 4.43 - 3.49 = 0.93 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 5000 / 360 = 13.89 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.93] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 3.73 = 6.51 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 6.51 + 0.93 = 7.44 mm

(Total deflection = 7.44 mm) < (l / 240 = 20.83 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 136
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B110
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark B9
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 700 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 119.45 145.86 116.02
Shear Forces kN 94.94 93.44 95.75

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 510.75 = 663.97 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 663.97 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 663.97 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.613 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 94.94 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001)
= 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
 → The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 94.94 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(94.94 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) = 0.101
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.553 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 19.24 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 629.92 = 818.89 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 818.89 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 818.89 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.748 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
 = 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN
Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 93.44 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001)
= 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 93.44 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(93.44 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) = 0.093
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.544 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 17.74 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
 2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 495.45 = 644.09 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 644.09 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 644.09 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.595 < 1 → Ok
5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 95.75 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001)
= 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 95.75 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(95.75 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) = 0.105
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.558 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 20.05 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 58.94 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 39.59 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 58.94 + 0.25 * 39.59 = 68.84 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 700 / 2 = 350 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 700^3 / 12 = 5716.67 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 606 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 606) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
177.44 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (177.44)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (606 - 177.44)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (177.44 -
55)^2 = 1881.43 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 5716.67 * 10^6 / 350] * 10^-6 = 49.61 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 58.94 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 58.94)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 2385.33 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 68.84 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 68.84)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
 = 2226.2 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 98.53 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 98.53)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 2035.28 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.06 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [2385.33 * 10^6] = 2.54 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.24 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [2226.2 * 10^6] = 3.2
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.8 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [2035.28 * 10^6] =
5.04 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 5.04 - 2.54 = 2.5 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4600 / 360 = 12.78 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 2.5] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 606) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.77

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.77 * 3.2 = 5.67 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 5.67 + 2.5 = 8.17 mm

(Total deflection = 8.17 mm) < (l / 240 = 19.17 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 137
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B111
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark B9
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 700 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 105.45 129.6 105.99
Shear Forces kN 87.84 79.71 86.82

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 448.57 = 583.14 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 583.14 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 583.14 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.541 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 87.84 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001)
= 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 87.84 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(87.84 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) = 0.064
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m
 → (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.512 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 12.14 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 556.25 = 723.13 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 723.13 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 723.13 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.665 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 79.71 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001)
= 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate
→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 79.71 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(79.71 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) = 0.021
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.464 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 4.01 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 450.95 = 586.24 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 586.24 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 586.24 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.544 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN
Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 86.82 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001)
= 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 86.82 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(86.82 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) = 0.058
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.506 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 11.12 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 48.72 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 38.37 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 48.72 + 0.25 * 38.37 = 58.31 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 700 / 2 = 350 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 700^3 / 12 = 5716.67 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 606 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 606) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
177.44 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (177.44)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (606 - 177.44)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (177.44 -
55)^2 = 1881.43 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 5716.67 * 10^6 / 350] * 10^-6 = 49.61 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 48.72 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 48.72)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 2723.44 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 58.31 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 58.31)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 2399.23 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 87.09 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 87.09)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 2082.97 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.9 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [2723.44 * 10^6] = 1.89 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.08 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [2399.23 * 10^6] =
2.57 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.62 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [2082.97 * 10^6] =
4.45 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 4.45 - 1.89 = 2.56 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4600 / 360 = 12.78 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 2.56] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 606) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.77

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.77 * 2.57 = 4.57 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 4.57 + 2.56 = 7.12 mm

(Total deflection = 7.12 mm) < (l / 240 = 19.17 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 139
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B118
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark HB2
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 2.7 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 600 mm
Beam Depth 350 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 -25.45 -43.08
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 5.55 5.55 0
Shear Forces kN 14.33 45.49 50.65

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 31.07 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 31.07 = 26.41 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 26.41 * 600 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.025483 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 91.1 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 49.92 = 64.89 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 64.89 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 64.89 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0255
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0255) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 91.1 = 81.99 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.068 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 24.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 24.86 = 21.13 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 21.13 * 600 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.032603 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 73.56 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0326

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0326) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 73.56 = 66.2 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 600* 350 = 210000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 210000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 600 * 295 * 0.001 = 147.41 kN
= max of [147.41 , 0] → Vc = 147.41 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 600 * 295 * 0.001 = 364.19 kN

∵ (Vc = 147.41 kN) < (Vc.max = 364.19 kN) → Vc = 147.41 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 14.33 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (147.41 + 0.66 * √24 * 600 * 295 * 0.001)
= 539.78 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 14.33 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 147.41 = 110.56 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 600 / 420 , 0.35 * 600 / 420]
= greater of [0.434 , 0.5]
= 0.5 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.5 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 147.41) = 244.01 kN , 539.78 kN]
= 244.01 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.059 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 14.33 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 147.41 = 110.56 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
 = 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (600 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 170.67

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 170.67 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 31.07 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 31.07 = 26.41 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 26.41 * 600 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.025483 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 91.1 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 49.92 = 64.89 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 64.89 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 64.89 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0255

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0255) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 91.1 = 81.99 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.068 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 24.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 24.86 = 21.13 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 21.13 * 600 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.032603 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -73.56 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 231.34 = 300.75 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 300.75 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 300.75 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0326
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0326) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -73.56 = -66.2 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.384 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 600* 350 = 210000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 210000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 600 * 295 * 0.001 = 147.41 kN
= max of [147.41 , 0] → Vc = 147.41 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 600 * 295 * 0.001 = 364.19 kN

∵ (Vc = 147.41 kN) < (Vc.max = 364.19 kN) → Vc = 147.41 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 45.49 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (147.41 + 0.66 * √24 * 600 * 295 * 0.001)
= 539.78 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 45.49 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 147.41 = 110.56 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 600 / 420 , 0.35 * 600 / 420]
= greater of [0.434 , 0.5]
= 0.5 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.5 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 147.41) = 244.01 kN , 539.78 kN]
= 244.01 kN
Vu/φVn = 0.186 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 45.49 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 147.41 = 110.56 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (600 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 170.67

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 170.67 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 31.07 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 31.07 = 26.41 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 26.41 * 600 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.025483 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 91.1 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0255

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0255) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 91.1 = 81.99 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 24.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 24.86 = 21.13 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 21.13 * 600 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.032603 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -73.56 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 395.43 = 514.06 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 514.06 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 514.06 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0326

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0326) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -73.56 = -66.2 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.651 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 600* 350 = 210000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 210000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 600 * 295 * 0.001 = 147.41 kN
= max of [147.41 , 0] → Vc = 147.41 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 600 * 295 * 0.001 = 364.19 kN

∵ (Vc = 147.41 kN) < (Vc.max = 364.19 kN) → Vc = 147.41 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 50.65 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (147.41 + 0.66 * √24 * 600 * 295 * 0.001)
= 539.78 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 50.65 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 147.41 = 110.56 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 600 / 420 , 0.35 * 600 / 420]
= greater of [0.434 , 0.5]
= 0.5 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.5 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

 (Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 147.41) = 244.01 kN , 539.78 kN]
= 244.01 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.208 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 50.65 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 147.41 = 110.56 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (600 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 170.67

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 170.67 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 4.01 26.03
M.L (kN.m) 0 0.12 4.15

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 4.01 + 0.25 * 0.12 = 4.04 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 26.03 + 0.25 * 4.15 = 27.07 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 350 / 2 = 175 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 600 * 350^3 / 12 = 2143.75 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 769.69 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 600 / (8.69 * 769.69) = 0.09 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 769.69) = 0.708
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.09 * 295 * (1 + 0.708 * 55 / 295) + (1 + 0.708)^2) - (1 + 0.708)] / 0.09 = 69.31
mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 600 * (69.31)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 769.69 * (295 - 69.31)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (69.31 -
55)^2 = 408.1 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 2143.75 * 10^6 / 175] * 10^-6 = 37.21 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 4.01 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.81 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =2143750000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 4.04 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.81 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =2143750000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 4.13 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.81 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =2143750000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.01 * [2143.75 * 10^6] / [2143.75 * 10^6] = 0.01 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.01 * [2143.75 * 10^6] / [2143.75 * 10^6] =
0.01 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.01 * [2143.75 * 10^6] / [2143.75 * 10^6] =
0.01 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.01 - 0.01 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2700 / 360 = 7.5 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (600 * 295) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.7

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.7 * 0.01 = 0.01 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.01 + 0 = 0.01 mm

(Total deflection = 0.01 mm) < (l / 240 = 11.25 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 14
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B111
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B9
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 700 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 129.97 169.69 152.46
Shear Forces kN 115.73 104.12 117.83

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 557.92 = 725.29 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 725.29 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 725.29 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.667 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam
∵ (Vu = 115.73 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 *
0.001) = 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 115.73 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(115.73 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) = 0.21
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.21 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.674 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 40.03 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 606 , 1.4 * 200 * 606 / 420]
= larger of [353.43 mm^2 , 404 mm^2]
= 404 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 404 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.87 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
 = min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 104.12 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 *
0.001) = 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 104.12 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(104.12 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) =
0.149 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.607 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 28.42 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 660.09 = 858.12 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 858.12 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 858.12 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.782 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok
5.3.4 Check for Shear
---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 117.83 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 *
0.001) = 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 117.83 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(117.83 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) =
0.221 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.221 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.686 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 42.13 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm
s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 105.65 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 13.62 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 105.65 + 0.25 * 13.62 = 109.06 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 700 / 2 = 350 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 700^3 / 12 = 5716.67 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 606 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 606) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
177.44 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (177.44)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (606 - 177.44)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (177.44 -
55)^2 = 1881.43 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 5716.67 * 10^6 / 350] * 10^-6 = 49.61 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 105.65 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 105.65)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
 = 2013.84 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 109.06 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 109.06)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 2005.16 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 119.27 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 119.27)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 1983.77 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.97 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [2013.84 * 10^6] = 5.6 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 2.04 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [2005.16 * 10^6] =
5.81 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2.23 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [1983.77 * 10^6] =
6.41 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 6.41 - 5.6 = 0.81 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4600 / 360 = 12.78 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.81] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 606) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.77

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.77 * 5.81 = 10.31 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 10.31 + 0.81 = 11.12 mm

(Total deflection = 11.12 mm) < (l / 240 = 19.17 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 140
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B121
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark B2
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa
3. Beam Geometry and Properties
===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 2.3 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 -30.84 -57.67
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 6.56 6.56 0
Shear Forces kN 19.14 67.44 73.77

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 31.94 = 41.52 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 41.52 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 41.52 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.107 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 19.14 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 19.14 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
 = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.124 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 19.14 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
 545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 31.94 = 41.52 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 41.52 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 41.52 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.107 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 151.88 = 197.44 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 197.44 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 197.44 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.501 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 67.44 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 67.44 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
 → Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.437 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 67.44 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
 545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 287.76 = 374.09 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 374.09 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 374.09 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.502 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam
∵ (Vu = 73.77 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 73.77 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(73.77 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.049 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.496 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 8.12 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 1.96 28.31
M.L (kN.m) 0 2.4 11.27

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 1.96 + 0.25 * 2.4 = 2.56 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 28.31 + 0.25 * 11.27 = 31.13 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 1.96 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 2.56 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 4.36 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.01 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.01
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.01 - 0 = 0.01 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2300 / 360 = 6.39 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.01] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75
The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0 = 0 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0 + 0.01 = 0.01 mm

(Total deflection = 0.01 mm) < (l / 240 = 9.58 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 144
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B129
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.3 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 43.03 57.77 46.9
Shear Forces kN 53.28 35.55 51.24

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
 2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 213.16 = 277.11 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 277.11 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 277.11 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.374 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2
Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2
= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 53.28 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 53.28 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.326 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 53.28 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 288.27 = 374.75 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 374.75 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 374.75 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.503 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 35.55 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 35.55 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.217 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 35.55 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok
∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 232.78 = 302.61 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 302.61 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 302.61 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.408 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 51.24 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.24 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.313 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.24 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
 = 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 36.04 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 4.57 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 36.04 + 0.25 * 4.57 = 37.18 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m
M.[D](+) = 36.04 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m
→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 36.04)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1482.24 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 37.18 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 37.18)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1439.54 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 40.61 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 40.61)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1342.45 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.92 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1482.24 * 10^6] = 2.23 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.95 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1439.54 * 10^6] = 2.37
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.04 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1342.45 * 10^6] =
2.79 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 2.79 - 2.23 = 0.56 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4300 / 360 = 11.94 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.56] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 2.37 = 4.13 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 4.13 + 0.56 = 4.69 mm

(Total deflection = 4.69 mm) < (l / 240 = 17.92 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 145
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B130
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark B1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 2.3 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 -14.06 -23.9
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 7.22 7.22 0
Shear Forces kN 16.77 37.99 40.74

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
 545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 35.16 = 45.71 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 45.71 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 45.71 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.117 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 16.77 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 16.77 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
 → Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.109 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 16.77 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 35.16 = 45.71 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 45.71 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 45.71 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.117 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 68.69 = 89.3 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 89.3 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 89.3 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.228 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 37.99 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 37.99 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.246 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 37.99 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 117.31 = 152.51 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 152.51 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 152.51 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.388 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN
∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 40.74 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 40.74 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.264 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 40.74 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 7.33 6.52
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 9.23

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 7.33 + 0.25 * 0 = 7.33 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 6.52 + 0.25 * 9.23 = 8.83 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 7.33 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 7.33 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 7.33 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.06 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.06 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.06 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.06 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.06 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.06
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.06 - 0.06 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2300 / 360 = 6.39 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.06 = 0.11 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.11 + 0 = 0.11 mm

(Total deflection = 0.11 mm) < (l / 240 = 9.58 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 147
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B132
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark B1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 3.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 42.11 45.77 42.02
Shear Forces kN 47.31 32.37 48

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 208.51 = 271.07 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 271.07 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 271.07 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.684 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2
Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2
= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 47.31 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 47.31 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.306 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 47.31 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 227.04 = 295.15 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 295.15 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 295.15 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m
Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.743 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 32.37 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 32.37 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.21 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 32.37 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)
********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 208.06 = 270.48 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 270.48 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 270.48 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.682 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 48 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001) =
332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 48 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.311 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 48 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm
s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 27.49 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 4.55 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 27.49 + 0.25 * 4.55 = 28.63 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 27.49 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 600.76 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 27.49)^2 (1 - (600.76 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1721.03 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 28.63 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 600.76 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 28.63)^2 (1 - (600.76 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1502.76 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 32.04 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 600.76 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 32.04)^2 (1 - (600.76 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1153.49 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.49 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1721.03 * 10^6] = 1.02 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.51 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1502.76 * 10^6] = 1.22
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.57 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1153.49 * 10^6] =
1.78 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 1.78 - 1.02 = 0.76 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3600 / 360 = 10 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.76] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 1.22 = 2.14 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 2.14 + 0.76 = 2.9 mm

(Total deflection = 2.9 mm) < (l / 240 = 15 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 148
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B133
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark B2
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 3.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 -14.61 -62.65
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 17.09 17.09 2.13
Shear Forces kN 27.85 52.3 68.45

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 83.62 = 108.7 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 108.7 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 108.7 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.278 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 27.85 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 27.85 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
 = greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.18 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 27.85 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 83.62 = 108.7 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 108.7 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 108.7 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.278 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 71.4 = 92.82 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 92.82 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 92.82 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.237 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 52.3 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001) =
332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 52.3 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.339 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 52.3 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 10.35 = 13.45 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 13.45 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 13.45 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.035 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 313.39 = 407.4 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 407.4 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 407.4 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.545 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam
∵ (Vu = 68.45 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 68.45 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(68.45 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.017 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.46 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 2.8 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 10.23 35.94
M.L (kN.m) 0 1.89 7.71

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 10.23 + 0.25 * 1.89 = 10.7 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 35.94 + 0.25 * 7.71 = 37.87 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
 = 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 10.23 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 10.7 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 12.12 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.09 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.09 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.09 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.09 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.1 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.1 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.1 - 0.09 = 0.01 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3600 / 360 = 10 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.01] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75
The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.09 = 0.16 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.16 + 0.01 = 0.17 mm

(Total deflection = 0.17 mm) < (l / 240 = 15 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 149
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B134
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 63.64 84.63 63.47
Shear Forces kN 70.72 51.13 71.15

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
 2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 318.5 = 414.05 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 414.05 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 414.05 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.554 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2
Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2
= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 70.72 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 70.72 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(70.72 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.031 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.432 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 5.07 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
 ● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 428.11 = 556.55 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 556.55 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 556.55 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.736 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok
5.2.4 Check for Shear
---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 51.13 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.13 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.313 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.13 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 317.62 = 412.91 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 412.91 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 412.91 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.552 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 71.15 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 71.15 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(71.15 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.033 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.435 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 5.5 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 50.42 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 8.78 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 50.42 + 0.25 * 8.78 = 52.62 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 50.42 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 50.42)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1195.57 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 52.62 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 52.62)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1176.16 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 59.2 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 59.2)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1132.72 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.6 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1195.57 * 10^6] = 4.83 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.67 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1176.16 * 10^6] = 5.12
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.88 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1132.72 * 10^6] =
5.97 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 5.97 - 4.83 = 1.15 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4800 / 360 = 13.33 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 1.15] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 5.12 = 8.93 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 8.93 + 1.15 = 10.08 mm

(Total deflection = 10.08 mm) < (l / 240 = 20 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 15
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B117
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19
2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.5 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 81.24 99.62 78.99
Shear Forces kN 73.79 61.93 93.77

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 410.24 = 533.32 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 533.32 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 533.32 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.707 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 73.79 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
 → The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 73.79 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(73.79 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.049 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.451 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 8.14 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 525.5 , 1.4 * 200 * 525.5 / 420]
= larger of [306.48 mm^2 , 350.33 mm^2]
= 350.33 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 350.33 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.867 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
 = 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN
Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 61.93 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 61.93 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.379 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 61.93 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
 ● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 398.42 = 517.95 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 517.95 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 517.95 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.687 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

 = min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 93.77 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 93.77 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(93.77 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) = 0.17
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.17 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.573 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 28.12 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 62.12 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 7.91 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 62.12 + 0.25 * 7.91 = 64.1 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 62.12 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 62.12)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1118.46 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 64.1 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 64.1)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1110.06 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 70.03 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

 → (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 70.03)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1089.54 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.75 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1118.46 * 10^6] = 5.62 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.8 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1110.06 * 10^6] = 5.84
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.96 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1089.54 * 10^6] =
6.49 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 6.49 - 5.62 = 0.87 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4500 / 360 = 12.5 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.87] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 5.84 = 10.19 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 10.19 + 0.87 = 11.05 mm

(Total deflection = 11.05 mm) < (l / 240 = 18.75 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 150
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B135
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 4.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -82.56 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 40.94 89.42 71.25
Shear Forces kN 122.32 101.62 87.28

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 202.6 = 263.39 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 263.39 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 263.39 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.356 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 417.19 = 542.35 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 542.35 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 542.35 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.718 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 122.32 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 122.32 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(122.32 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.342 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.342 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement
(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.748 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 56.67 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 453.48 = 589.52 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 589.52 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 589.52 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.778 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 101.62 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 101.62 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(101.62 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.217 mm^2/m
 (Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4
= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.217 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.621 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 35.97 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 357.96 = 465.35 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 465.35 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 465.35 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.62 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
 545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 87.28 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 87.28 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(87.28 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.131 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.534 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 21.63 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 46.69 50.35 0
M.L (kN.m) 10.75 11.83 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 46.69 + 0.25 * 10.75 = 49.38 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 50.35 + 0.25 * 11.83 = 53.31 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
 = 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 50.35 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 50.35)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1196.24 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 53.31 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 53.31)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1170.64 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 62.18 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 62.18)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1118.19 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.47 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1196.24 * 10^6] = 4.43 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.56 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1170.64 * 10^6] = 4.8
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.82 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1118.19 * 10^6] =
5.86 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 5.86 - 4.43 = 1.43 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4800 / 360 = 13.33 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 1.43] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 4.8 = 8.37 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 8.37 + 1.43 = 9.79 mm

(Total deflection = 9.79 mm) < (l / 240 = 20 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 151
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B136
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark B2
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Both continuous
Beam Clear Span 3.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -32.1 -3.32 -69.05
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 28.51 28.51 19.02
Shear Forces kN 73.41 71.32 93.05

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 140.25 = 182.32 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 182.32 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 182.32 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.463 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 158.18 = 205.63 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 205.63 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 205.63 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.279 < 1 → Ok
5.1.4 Check for Shear
---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 73.41 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 73.41 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(73.41 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.047 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.493 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 7.76 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm
s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 140.25 = 182.32 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 182.32 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 182.32 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.463 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 16.14 = 20.98 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 20.98 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 20.98 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.054 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 71.32 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 71.32 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(71.32 - 0.75 * 90.78) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 545) = 0.019
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.462 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 3.24 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 132.16 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 93.14 = 121.09 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 121.09 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 121.09 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.309 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 346.52 = 450.47 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 450.47 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 450.47 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.601 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 93.05 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 93.05 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(93.05 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.166 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm
Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN
φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.625 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 27.4 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 10.51 5.04 32.37
M.L (kN.m) 10.87 15.96 14.83

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 10.51 + 0.25 * 10.87 = 13.23 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 5.04 + 0.25 * 15.96 = 9.03 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 32.37 + 0.25 * 14.83 = 36.08 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 5.04 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 9.03 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 21 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.06 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.06 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.25 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.25
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.25 - 0 = 0.25 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3600 / 360 = 10 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.25] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.06 = 0.11 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.11 + 0.25 = 0.36 mm

(Total deflection = 0.36 mm) < (l / 240 = 15 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 152
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B137
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 3.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 69.7 75.55 69.15
Shear Forces kN 76.61 54.64 80.04

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 349.9 = 454.86 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 454.86 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 454.86 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.606 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 76.61 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate
→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 76.61 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(76.61 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.066 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.468 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 10.96 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 380.4 = 494.51 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 494.51 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 494.51 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.657 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN
∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 54.64 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 54.64 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.334 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 54.64 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 347.04 = 451.15 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 451.15 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 451.15 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.602 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2
Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)
= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 80.04 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 80.04 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(80.04 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.087 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.489 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 14.39 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 28.12 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 22.62 0
The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 28.12 + 0.25 * 22.62 = 33.78 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 28.12 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 28.12)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 2164.07 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 33.78 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 33.78)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1590.33 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 50.74 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 50.74)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1192.54 * 10^6 mm^4
→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.51 * [3600 * 10^6] / [2164.07 * 10^6] = 0.85 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.62 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1590.33 * 10^6] = 1.39
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.93 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1192.54 * 10^6] =
2.81 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 2.81 - 0.85 = 1.96 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3600 / 360 = 10 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 1.96] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 1.39 = 2.43 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 2.43 + 1.96 = 4.39 mm

(Total deflection = 4.39 mm) < (l / 240 = 15 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 153
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B138
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 4.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -86.42 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 69.06 95.79 89.01
Shear Forces kN 126.05 91.84 116.94

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 346.57 = 450.54 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 450.54 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 450.54 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.601 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 437.58 = 568.85 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 568.85 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 568.85 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.752 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 126.05 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 126.05 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(126.05 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.365 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.365 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.771 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 60.4 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 525.5 , 1.4 * 200 * 525.5 / 420]
= larger of [306.48 mm^2 , 350.33 mm^2]
= 350.33 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 350.33 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.833 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 91.84 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 91.84 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(91.84 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.158 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

 = greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.562 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 26.19 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 451.3 = 586.69 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 586.69 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 586.69 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.774 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 116.94 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
 → The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 116.94 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(116.94 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.31 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.31 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.715 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 51.29 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 44.55 56.83 0
M.L (kN.m) 15.03 10.14 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 44.55 + 0.25 * 15.03 = 48.31 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 56.83 + 0.25 * 10.14 = 59.36 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 56.83 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 56.83)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1146.27 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 59.36 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 59.36)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1131.85 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 66.97 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 66.97)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1099.35 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.76 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1146.27 * 10^6] = 5.53 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.83 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1131.85 * 10^6] = 5.82
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2.04 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1099.35 * 10^6] =
6.67 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 6.67 - 5.53 = 1.14 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4800 / 360 = 13.33 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 1.14] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 5.82 = 10.15 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 10.15 + 1.14 = 11.29 mm

(Total deflection = 11.29 mm) < (l / 240 = 20 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 154
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B139
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 3.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 46.33 53.01 45.72
Shear Forces kN 55.54 37.97 55.99

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 229.88 = 298.85 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 298.85 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 298.85 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.403 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 55.54 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 55.54 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.34 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 55.54 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok
∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 263.89 = 343.06 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 343.06 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 343.06 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.461 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 37.97 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 37.97 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.232 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 37.97 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
 = 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 226.79 = 294.82 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 294.82 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 294.82 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.398 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 55.99 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 55.99 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN
Vu/φVn = 0.342 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 55.99 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 31.97 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 5.16 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 31.97 + 0.25 * 5.16 = 33.26 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

 = 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 31.97 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 31.97)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1709.19 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 33.26 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 33.26)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1620.62 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 37.13 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 37.13)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1441.36 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.65 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1709.19 * 10^6] = 1.37 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.67 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1620.62 * 10^6] = 1.5
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.75 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1441.36 * 10^6] =
1.86 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 1.86 - 1.37 = 0.49 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3800 / 360 = 10.56 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.49] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 1.5 = 2.61 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 2.61 + 0.49 = 3.11 mm

(Total deflection = 3.11 mm) < (l / 240 = 15.83 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 155
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B140
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark B2
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -72.59 -14.08 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 9.1 32.11 32.11
Shear Forces kN 78.16 61.8 32.73

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
 = 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 44.36 = 57.67 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 57.67 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 57.67 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.148 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 364.94 = 474.42 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 474.42 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 474.42 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.632 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN
∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 78.16 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 78.16 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(78.16 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.076 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.525 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 12.51 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 158.23 = 205.7 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 205.7 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 205.7 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.521 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 68.79 = 89.43 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 89.43 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 89.43 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.229 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
 = max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 61.8 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001) =
332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 61.8 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.4 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 61.8 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
 ● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 158.23 = 205.7 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 205.7 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 205.7 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.521 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
 = min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 32.73 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 32.73 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.212 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 32.73 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 43.49 19.15 0
M.L (kN.m) 7.31 3.32 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 43.49 + 0.25 * 7.31 = 45.32 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 19.15 + 0.25 * 3.32 = 19.98 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 19.15 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 19.98 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 22.47 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.29 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.29 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.31 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.31 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.35 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.35
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.35 - 0.29 = 0.05 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4000 / 360 = 11.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.05] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.31 = 0.54 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.54 + 0.05 = 0.59 mm

(Total deflection = 0.59 mm) < (l / 240 = 16.67 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 157
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B142
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark B1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 2.2 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 20.64 20.7 20.7
Shear Forces kN 36.34 27.56 36.5

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 101.16 = 131.5 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 131.5 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 131.5 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.335 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 36.34 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 36.34 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.235 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 36.34 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm
s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 101.45 = 131.89 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 131.89 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 131.89 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.336 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 27.56 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 27.56 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.179 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 27.56 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
 = min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 101.45 = 131.89 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 131.89 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 131.89 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.336 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 36.5 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001) =
332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 36.5 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN
Vu/φVn = 0.236 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 36.5 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 8.62 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 5.4 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 8.62 + 0.25 * 5.4 = 9.97 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 8.62 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 9.97 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 14.02 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.07 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.07 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.08 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.08 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.12 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.12
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.12 - 0.07 = 0.05 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2200 / 360 = 6.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.05] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.08 = 0.14 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.14 + 0.05 = 0.19 mm

(Total deflection = 0.19 mm) < (l / 240 = 9.17 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 158
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B143
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 59.75 69.93 61.5
Shear Forces kN 53.36 51.44 53.32

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 298.45 = 387.98 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 387.98 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 387.98 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.52 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 53.36 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 53.36 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0
 (Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4
= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.326 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 53.36 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 351.09 = 456.42 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 456.42 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 456.42 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.608 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 51.44 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.44 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.315 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.44 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 307.46 = 399.69 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 399.69 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 399.69 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.535 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 53.32 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 53.32 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.326 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 53.32 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 38.89 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 9.68 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 38.89 + 0.25 * 9.68 = 41.31 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel
λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 38.89 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 38.89)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1386.28 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 41.31 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 41.31)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1326.85 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 48.57 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 48.57)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1214.62 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.82 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1386.28 * 10^6] = 2.13 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.87 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1326.85 * 10^6] = 2.36
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.03 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1214.62 * 10^6] =
3.05 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 3.05 - 2.13 = 0.92 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4000 / 360 = 11.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.92] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 2.36 = 4.12 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 4.12 + 0.92 = 5.05 mm

(Total deflection = 5.05 mm) < (l / 240 = 16.67 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 159
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B144
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark HB2
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 600 mm
Beam Depth 350 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -45.72 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 23.97 39.62 37.18
Shear Forces kN 72.44 50.8 35.33
5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 31.07 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 31.07 = 26.41 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 26.41 * 600 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.025483 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 91.1 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 217.72 = 283.03 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 283.03 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 283.03 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0255

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0255) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 91.1 = 81.99 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.292 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 24.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 24.86 = 21.13 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 21.13 * 600 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.032603 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -73.56 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 420.28 = 546.37 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 546.37 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 546.37 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0326

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0326) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -73.56 = -66.2 kN.m
Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.691 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 600* 350 = 210000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 210000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 600 * 295 * 0.001 = 147.41 kN
= max of [147.41 , 0] → Vc = 147.41 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 600 * 295 * 0.001 = 364.19 kN

∵ (Vc = 147.41 kN) < (Vc.max = 364.19 kN) → Vc = 147.41 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 72.44 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (147.41 + 0.66 * √24 * 600 * 295 * 0.001)
= 539.78 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 72.44 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 147.41 = 110.56 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 600 / 420 , 0.35 * 600 / 420]
= greater of [0.434 , 0.5]
= 0.5 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.5 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 147.41) = 244.01 kN , 539.78 kN]
= 244.01 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.297 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 72.44 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 147.41 = 110.56 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
 = min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (600 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 170.67

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 170.67 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 31.07 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 31.07 = 26.41 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 26.41 * 600 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.025483 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 91.1 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 362.97 = 471.86 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 471.86 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 471.86 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0255

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0255) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 91.1 = 81.99 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.483 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 24.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 24.86 = 21.13 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 21.13 * 600 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.032603 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 73.56 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0326

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0326) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 73.56 = 66.2 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 600* 350 = 210000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 210000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 600 * 295 * 0.001 = 147.41 kN
= max of [147.41 , 0] → Vc = 147.41 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 600 * 295 * 0.001 = 364.19 kN

∵ (Vc = 147.41 kN) < (Vc.max = 364.19 kN) → Vc = 147.41 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 50.8 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (147.41 + 0.66 * √24 * 600 * 295 * 0.001)
= 539.78 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 50.8 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 147.41 = 110.56 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 600 / 420 , 0.35 * 600 / 420]
= greater of [0.434 , 0.5]
= 0.5 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.5 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 147.41) = 244.01 kN , 539.78 kN]
= 244.01 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.208 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 50.8 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 147.41 = 110.56 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (600 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 170.67

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 170.67 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 31.07 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 31.07 = 26.41 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 26.41 * 600 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.025483 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 91.1 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 340.15 = 442.2 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 442.2 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 442.2 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0255

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0255) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 91.1 = 81.99 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.453 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 24.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 24.86 = 21.13 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 21.13 * 600 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.032603 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 73.56 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0326

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0326) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 73.56 = 66.2 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 600* 350 = 210000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 210000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 600 * 295 * 0.001 = 147.41 kN
= max of [147.41 , 0] → Vc = 147.41 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 600 * 295 * 0.001 = 364.19 kN

∵ (Vc = 147.41 kN) < (Vc.max = 364.19 kN) → Vc = 147.41 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 35.33 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (147.41 + 0.66 * √24 * 600 * 295 * 0.001)
= 539.78 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 35.33 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 147.41 = 110.56 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 600 / 420 , 0.35 * 600 / 420]
= greater of [0.434 , 0.5]
= 0.5 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.5 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm
Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN
φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 147.41) = 244.01 kN , 539.78 kN]
= 244.01 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.145 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 35.33 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 147.41 = 110.56 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (600 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 170.67

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 170.67 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 27.77 24.21 0
M.L (kN.m) 4.28 3.58 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 27.77 + 0.25 * 4.28 = 28.84 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 24.21 + 0.25 * 3.58 = 25.1 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 350 / 2 = 175 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 600 * 350^3 / 12 = 2143.75 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 769.69 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 600 / (8.69 * 769.69) = 0.09 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 769.69) = 0.708
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
 = [√(2 * 0.09 * 295 * (1 + 0.708 * 55 / 295) + (1 + 0.708)^2) - (1 + 0.708)] / 0.09 = 69.31
mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 600 * (69.31)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 769.69 * (295 - 69.31)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (69.31 -
55)^2 = 408.1 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 2143.75 * 10^6 / 175] * 10^-6 = 37.21 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 24.21 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.81 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =2143750000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 25.1 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.81 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 408.1 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.81 / 25.1)^2 (1 - (408.1 * 10^6) /
(2143.75 * 10^6))]
= 1947.12 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 27.79 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.81 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 408.1 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.81 / 27.79)^2 (1 - (408.1 * 10^6) /
(2143.75 * 10^6))]
= 1149.75 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.77 * [2143.75 * 10^6] / [2143.75 * 10^6] = 0.77 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.8 * [2143.75 * 10^6] / [1947.12 * 10^6] =
0.88 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.88 * [2143.75 * 10^6] / [1149.75 * 10^6] =
1.64 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 1.64 - 0.77 = 0.87 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4000 / 360 = 11.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.87] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (600 * 295) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.7

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.7 * 0.88 = 1.5 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 1.5 + 0.87 = 2.37 mm

(Total deflection = 2.37 mm) < (l / 240 = 16.67 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 16
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B118
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 2.7 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -4.41 -69.99 -100.32
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 1.54 1.54 0
Shear Forces kN 22.54 78.2 87.26

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 7.48 = 9.72 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 9.72 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 9.72 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.025 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 21.45 = 27.89 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 27.89 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 27.89 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.038 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN
∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 22.54 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 22.54 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.151 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 22.54 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 7.48 = 9.72 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 9.72 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 9.72 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.025 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 351.4 = 456.82 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 456.82 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 456.82 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.609 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2
Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)
= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 78.2 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001)
= 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 78.2 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(78.2 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) = 0.076
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.525 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 12.55 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
 ● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok
5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 525.5 , 1.4 * 200 * 525.5 / 420]
= larger of [306.48 mm^2 , 350.33 mm^2]
= 350.33 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 350.33 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.873 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 87.26 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 87.26 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(87.26 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.131 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.586 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 21.61 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok
∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 1.15 65.19
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 5.66

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 1.15 + 0.25 * 0 = 1.15 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 65.19 + 0.25 * 5.66 = 66.6 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 1.77
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 1.77 * 74.5 / 545) + (1 + 1.77)^2) - (1 + 1.77)] / 0.075 = 102.51
mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (102.51)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 102.51)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (102.51 -
74.5)^2 = 599.15 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 1.15 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 1.15 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 1.15 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

 → (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0 - 0 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2700 / 360 = 7.5 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (200 * 545) = 0.006

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.006] = 1.56

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.56 * 0 = 0 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0 + 0 = 0 mm

(Total deflection = 0 mm) < (l / 240 = 11.25 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 165
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B146
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark B2
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 2.7 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
 END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -57.68 -34.74 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 0 5.64 5.64
Shear Forces kN 63.32 61.81 12.06

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 287.81 = 374.15 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 374.15 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 374.15 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.502 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 63.32 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 63.32 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.425 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 63.32 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 27.45 = 35.68 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 35.68 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 35.68 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.092 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 171.41 = 222.83 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 222.83 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 222.83 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.564 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 61.81 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 61.81 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm
Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN
φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.4 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 61.81 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 27.45 = 35.68 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 35.68 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 35.68 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.092 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 12.06 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 12.06 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m
 → (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.078 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 12.06 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 28.71 4.55 0
M.L (kN.m) 10.93 0.05 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 28.71 + 0.25 * 10.93 = 31.44 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 4.55 + 0.25 * 0.05 = 4.56 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2
The cracked section properties are the following:
a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 4.55 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 4.56 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 4.6 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.01 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.01 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.01 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.01 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.01 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.01
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.01 - 0.01 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2700 / 360 = 7.5 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.01 = 0.01 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.01 + 0 = 0.01 mm

(Total deflection = 0.01 mm) < (l / 240 = 11.25 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 166
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B147
Beam Story Ph
Beam Mark HB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 5 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 800 mm
Beam Depth 350 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 56.75 77.34 58.33
Shear Forces kN 56.25 51.7 55.61

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 7 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 32.63 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 32.63 = 27.73 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 27.73 * 800 * 0.001 = 452.58 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.024126 -420 -452.58

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 1077.57 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 1077.57 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 520.75 = 676.98 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 676.98 mm^2
∵ (As = 1077.57 mm^2) > (As.min = 676.98 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0241

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0241) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.24 = 114.51 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.496 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 18.64 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 18.64 = 15.85 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 15.85 * 800 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
295 -0.04447 -420 -258.62
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 74.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0445

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0445) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 74.24 = 66.82 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 800* 350 = 280000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 280000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 800 * 295 * 0.001 = 196.55 kN
= max of [196.55 , 0] → Vc = 196.55 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 800 * 295 * 0.001 = 485.59 kN

∵ (Vc = 196.55 kN) < (Vc.max = 485.59 kN) → Vc = 196.55 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 56.25 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (196.55 + 0.66 * √24 * 800 * 295 * 0.001)
= 719.71 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 56.25 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 196.55 = 147.41 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 800 / 420 , 0.35 * 800 / 420]
= greater of [0.579 , 0.667]
= 0.667 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.667 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 196.55) = 280.87 kN , 719.71 kN]
= 280.87 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.2 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 56.25 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 196.55 = 147.41 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (800 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 237.33

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 237.33 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 7 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 32.63 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 32.63 = 27.73 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 27.73 * 800 * 0.001 = 452.58 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.024126 -420 -452.58

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 1077.57 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 1077.57 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 715.93 = 930.71 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 930.71 mm^2
∵ (As = 1077.57 mm^2) > (As.min = 930.71 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0241

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0241) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.24 = 114.51 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.675 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 18.64 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 18.64 = 15.85 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 15.85 * 800 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
295 -0.04447 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 74.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0445

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0445) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 74.24 = 66.82 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 800* 350 = 280000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 280000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 800 * 295 * 0.001 = 196.55 kN
= max of [196.55 , 0] → Vc = 196.55 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
 = 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 800 * 295 * 0.001 = 485.59 kN

∵ (Vc = 196.55 kN) < (Vc.max = 485.59 kN) → Vc = 196.55 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 51.7 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (196.55 + 0.66 * √24 * 800 * 295 * 0.001)
= 719.71 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.7 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 196.55 = 147.41 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 800 / 420 , 0.35 * 800 / 420]
= greater of [0.579 , 0.667]
= 0.667 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.667 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 196.55) = 280.87 kN , 719.71 kN]
= 280.87 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.184 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.7 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 196.55 = 147.41 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (800 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 237.33

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 237.33 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 7 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 32.63 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 32.63 = 27.73 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 27.73 * 800 * 0.001 = 452.58 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.024126 -420 -452.58

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 1077.57 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 1077.57 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 535.61 = 696.29 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 696.29 mm^2
∵ (As = 1077.57 mm^2) > (As.min = 696.29 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0241

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0241) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.24 = 114.51 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.509 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 18.64 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 18.64 = 15.85 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 15.85 * 800 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
295 -0.04447 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 74.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0445

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0445) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 74.24 = 66.82 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 800* 350 = 280000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 280000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2
Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)
= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 800 * 295 * 0.001 = 196.55 kN
= max of [196.55 , 0] → Vc = 196.55 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 800 * 295 * 0.001 = 485.59 kN

∵ (Vc = 196.55 kN) < (Vc.max = 485.59 kN) → Vc = 196.55 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 55.61 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (196.55 + 0.66 * √24 * 800 * 295 * 0.001)
= 719.71 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 55.61 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 196.55 = 147.41 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 800 / 420 , 0.35 * 800 / 420]
= greater of [0.579 , 0.667]
= 0.667 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.667 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 196.55) = 280.87 kN , 719.71 kN]
= 280.87 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.198 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 55.61 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 196.55 = 147.41 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (800 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 237.33

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 237.33 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 46.05 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 8.04 0
The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 46.05 + 0.25 * 8.04 = 48.06 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 350 / 2 = 175 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 800 * 350^3 / 12 = 2858.33 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 1077.57 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 800 / (8.69 * 1077.57) = 0.085 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 1077.57) = 0.506
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.085 * 295 * (1 + 0.506 * 55 / 295) + (1 + 0.506)^2) - (1 + 0.506)] / 0.085 = 71.06
mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 800 * (71.06)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 1077.57 * (295 - 71.06)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (71.06 -
55)^2 = 566.3 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 2858.33 * 10^6 / 175] * 10^-6 = 49.61 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 46.05 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 566.3 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 46.05)^2 (1 - (566.3 * 10^6) /
(2858.33 * 10^6))]
= 965.77 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 48.06 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 566.3 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 48.06)^2 (1 - (566.3 * 10^6) /
(2858.33 * 10^6))]
= 913.02 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 54.09 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 566.3 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 54.09)^2 (1 - (566.3 * 10^6) /
(2858.33 * 10^6))]
= 808.77 * 10^6 mm^4
→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.94 * [2858.33 * 10^6] / [965.77 * 10^6] = 5.73 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 2.02 * [2858.33 * 10^6] / [913.02 * 10^6] =
6.31 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2.25 * [2858.33 * 10^6] / [808.77 * 10^6] =
7.97 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 7.97 - 5.73 = 2.24 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 5000 / 360 = 13.89 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 2.24] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (800 * 295) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.77

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.77 * 6.31 = 11.16 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 11.16 + 2.24 = 13.4 mm

(Total deflection = 13.4 mm) < (l / 240 = 20.83 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 17
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B121
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 2.3 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 28.27 28.27 26.27
Shear Forces kN 49.87 35.81 38.9

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 139.05 = 180.77 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 180.77 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 180.77 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.459 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 49.87 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 49.87 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.323 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 49.87 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 139.05 = 180.77 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 180.77 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 180.77 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.459 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 35.81 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 35.81 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.232 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 35.81 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 129.09 = 167.82 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 167.82 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 167.82 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.427 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 38.9 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001) =
332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 38.9 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement
(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.252 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 38.9 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 14.11 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 5.32 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 14.11 + 0.25 * 5.32 = 15.44 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 14.11 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 15.44 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 19.43 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.09 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.09 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.1 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.1 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.13 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.13
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.13 - 0.09 = 0.04 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2300 / 360 = 6.39 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.04] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.1 = 0.18 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.18 + 0.04 = 0.21 mm

(Total deflection = 0.21 mm) < (l / 240 = 9.58 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 18
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B122
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B13
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 3.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 300 mm
Beam Depth 800 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -59.35 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 40.97 66.94 62.37
Shear Forces kN 107.93 81.64 74.77

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 146.47 = 190.41 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 190.41 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 190.41 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 187.21 = 168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.243 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 212.84 = 276.69 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 276.69 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 276.69 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -187.21 = -168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.352 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 300* 800 = 240000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 240000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 186.14 kN
= max of [186.14 , 0] → Vc = 186.14 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 459.87 kN

∵ (Vc = 186.14 kN) < (Vc.max = 459.87 kN) → Vc = 186.14 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 107.93 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (186.14 + 0.66 * √24 * 300 * 745 *
0.001) = 681.59 kN) 22.5.1.2
 → The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 107.93 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 300 / 420 , 0.35 * 300 / 420]
= greater of [0.217 , 0.25]
= 0.25 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.25 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 745 * 0.001 = 157.28 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (157.28 + 186.14) = 257.56 kN , 681.59 kN]
= 257.56 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.419 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 107.93 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 745 / 2 = 372.5 mm]
= 372.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 745 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (300 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 212 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 212 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 372.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 240.37 = 312.48 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 312.48 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 312.48 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 187.21 = 168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.397 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 187.21 = 168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 300* 800 = 240000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 240000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 186.14 kN
= max of [186.14 , 0] → Vc = 186.14 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 459.87 kN
∵ (Vc = 186.14 kN) < (Vc.max = 459.87 kN) → Vc = 186.14 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 81.64 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (186.14 + 0.66 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001)
= 681.59 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 81.64 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 300 / 420 , 0.35 * 300 / 420]
= greater of [0.217 , 0.25]
= 0.25 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.25 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 745 * 0.001 = 157.28 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (157.28 + 186.14) = 257.56 kN , 681.59 kN]
= 257.56 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.317 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 81.64 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 745 / 2 = 372.5 mm]
= 372.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 745 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (300 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 212 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 212 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 372.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 223.78 = 290.92 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 290.92 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 290.92 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 187.21 = 168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.37 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
 = 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 187.21 = 168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 300* 800 = 240000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 240000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 186.14 kN
= max of [186.14 , 0] → Vc = 186.14 kN
Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 459.87 kN

∵ (Vc = 186.14 kN) < (Vc.max = 459.87 kN) → Vc = 186.14 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 74.77 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (186.14 + 0.66 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001)
= 681.59 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 74.77 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 300 / 420 , 0.35 * 300 / 420]
= greater of [0.217 , 0.25]
= 0.25 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.25 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 745 * 0.001 = 157.28 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (157.28 + 186.14) = 257.56 kN , 681.59 kN]
= 257.56 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.29 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 74.77 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 745 / 2 = 372.5 mm]
= 372.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 745 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (300 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 212 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 212 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 372.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 38.63 42.33 0
M.L (kN.m) 3.3 4.8 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 38.63 + 0.25 * 3.3 = 39.46 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 42.33 + 0.25 * 4.8 = 43.53 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 800 / 2 = 400 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 300 * 800^3 / 12 = 12800 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 300 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.056 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.056 * 745 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 745) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.056 =
137.95 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 300 * (137.95)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (745 - 137.95)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (137.95 -
55)^2 = 2266.09 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 12800 * 10^6 / 400] * 10^-6 = 97.2 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 42.33 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 64.8 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =12800000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 43.53 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 64.8 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =12800000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 47.13 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 64.8 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =12800000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.24 * [12800 * 10^6] / [12800 * 10^6] = 0.24 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.25 * [12800 * 10^6] / [12800 * 10^6] = 0.25
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.27 * [12800 * 10^6] / [12800 * 10^6] = 0.27
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.27 - 0.24 = 0.03 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3800 / 360 = 10.56 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.03] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (300 * 745) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.76

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.76 * 0.25 = 0.44 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.44 + 0.03 = 0.46 mm

(Total deflection = 0.46 mm) < (l / 240 = 15.83 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 19
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B123
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B7
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 5.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 105.98 121.72 105.98
Shear Forces kN 72.94 52.15 72.94

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 542.21 = 704.87 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 704.87 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 704.87 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.662 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok
5.1.4 Check for Shear
---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 72.94 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 72.94 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(72.94 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.061
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.509 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 9.73 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm
s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 628.1 = 816.53 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 816.53 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 816.53 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.76 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 52.15 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 52.15 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.364 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 52.15 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 542.21 = 704.87 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 704.87 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 704.87 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.662 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 72.94 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 72.94 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(72.94 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.061
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m
 → (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.509 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 9.73 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 73.31 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 11.93 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 73.31 + 0.25 * 11.93 = 76.29 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2
The cracked section properties are the following:
a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 506 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 506) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
159.23 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (159.23)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (506 - 159.23)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (159.23 -
55)^2 = 1259.6 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 73.31 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 73.31)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1356.48 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 76.29 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 76.29)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1348.53 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 85.24 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 85.24)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1329.85 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 3.2 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1356.48 * 10^6] = 8.48 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 3.32 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1348.53 * 10^6] = 8.87
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 3.71 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1329.85 * 10^6] =
10.04 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 10.04 - 8.48 = 1.56 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 5600 / 360 = 15.56 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 1.56] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 506) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 8.87 = 15.4 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 15.4 + 1.56 = 16.97 mm
(Total deflection = 16.97 mm) < (l / 240 = 23.33 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 2
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B88
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.5 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 60.66 75.04 60.66
Shear Forces kN 56.81 46.94 56.81

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 303.13 = 394.07 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 394.07 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 394.07 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.528 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2
Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)
= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 56.81 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 56.81 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.347 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 56.81 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 377.73 = 491.05 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 491.05 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 491.05 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.653 < 1 → Ok
5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 46.94 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 46.94 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.287 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 46.94 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 303.13 = 394.07 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 394.07 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 394.07 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.528 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok
5.3.4 Check for Shear
---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 56.81 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 56.81 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.347 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 56.81 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm
s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 42.33 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 9.87 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 42.33 + 0.25 * 9.87 = 44.8 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 42.33 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 42.33)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
 = 1306.08 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 44.8 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 44.8)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1263.69 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 52.2 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 52.2)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1179.59 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.22 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1306.08 * 10^6] = 3.38 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.3 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1263.69 * 10^6] = 3.69
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.51 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1179.59 * 10^6] = 4.6
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 4.6 - 3.38 = 1.23 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4500 / 360 = 12.5 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 1.23] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 3.69 = 6.44 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 6.44 + 1.23 = 7.67 mm

(Total deflection = 7.67 mm) < (l / 240 = 18.75 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 20
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B124
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B7
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa
3. Beam Geometry and Properties
===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 5.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 105.98 121.72 105.98
Shear Forces kN 72.94 52.15 72.94

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 542.21 = 704.87 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 704.87 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 704.87 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.662 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 72.94 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 72.94 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(72.94 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.061
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.509 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 9.73 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 628.1 = 816.53 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 816.53 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 816.53 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.76 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN
∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 52.15 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 52.15 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.364 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 52.15 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 542.21 = 704.87 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 704.87 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 704.87 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.662 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2
Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)
= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 72.94 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 72.94 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(72.94 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.061
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.509 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 9.73 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 73.31 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 11.93 0
The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 73.31 + 0.25 * 11.93 = 76.29 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 506 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 506) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
159.23 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (159.23)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (506 - 159.23)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (159.23 -
55)^2 = 1259.6 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 73.31 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 73.31)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1356.48 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 76.29 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 76.29)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1348.53 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 85.24 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 85.24)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
 = 1329.85 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 3.2 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1356.48 * 10^6] = 8.48 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 3.32 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1348.53 * 10^6] = 8.87
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 3.71 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1329.85 * 10^6] =
10.04 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 10.04 - 8.48 = 1.56 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 5600 / 360 = 15.56 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 1.56] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 506) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 8.87 = 15.4 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 15.4 + 1.56 = 16.97 mm

(Total deflection = 16.97 mm) < (l / 240 = 23.33 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 21
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B125
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B7
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 5.4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm
4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 98.68 114.32 98.68
Shear Forces kN 89.5 50.73 89.5

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 502.89 = 653.76 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 653.76 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 653.76 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.616 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 89.5 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001) =
308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 89.5 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(89.5 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.165
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm
Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN
φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.624 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 26.29 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 587.52 = 763.78 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 763.78 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 763.78 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.714 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 50.73 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 50.73 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

 = greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.354 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 50.73 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 502.89 = 653.76 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 653.76 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 653.76 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.616 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
 545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 89.5 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001) =
308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 89.5 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(89.5 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.165
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.624 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 26.29 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 68.82 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 11.24 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 68.82 + 0.25 * 11.24 = 71.63 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
 = 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 506 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 506) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
159.23 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (159.23)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (506 - 159.23)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (159.23 -
55)^2 = 1259.6 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 68.82 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 68.82)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1370.69 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 71.63 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 71.63)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1361.45 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 80.06 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 80.06)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1339.84 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 2.8 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1370.69 * 10^6] = 7.36 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 2.92 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1361.45 * 10^6] = 7.71
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 3.26 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1339.84 * 10^6] =
8.76 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 8.76 - 7.36 = 1.39 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 5400 / 360 = 15 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 1.39] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 506) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 7.71 = 13.39 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 13.39 + 1.39 = 14.78 mm

(Total deflection = 14.78 mm) < (l / 240 = 22.5 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 22
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B126
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B7
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 5.4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 98.68 114.32 98.68
Shear Forces kN 89.5 50.73 89.5

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 502.89 = 653.76 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 653.76 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 653.76 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.616 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m
Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 89.5 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001) =
308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 89.5 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(89.5 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.165
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.624 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 26.29 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
 = min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 587.52 = 763.78 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 763.78 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 763.78 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.714 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 50.73 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 50.73 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN
Vu/φVn = 0.354 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 50.73 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 502.89 = 653.76 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 653.76 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 653.76 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.616 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 89.5 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001) =
308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 89.5 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(89.5 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.165
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
 = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.624 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 26.29 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 68.82 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 11.24 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 68.82 + 0.25 * 11.24 = 71.63 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 506 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 506) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
159.23 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (159.23)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (506 - 159.23)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (159.23 -
55)^2 = 1259.6 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 68.82 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 68.82)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1370.69 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 71.63 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 71.63)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1361.45 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 80.06 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 80.06)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1339.84 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 2.8 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1370.69 * 10^6] = 7.36 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 2.92 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1361.45 * 10^6] = 7.71
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 3.26 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1339.84 * 10^6] =
8.76 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 8.76 - 7.36 = 1.39 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 5400 / 360 = 15 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 1.39] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 506) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 7.71 = 13.39 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 13.39 + 1.39 = 14.78 mm

(Total deflection = 14.78 mm) < (l / 240 = 22.5 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 23
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B127
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B7
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.9 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 87.89 113.68 103.39
Shear Forces kN 76.36 64.68 98.14

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200
5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 445.36 = 578.97 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 578.97 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 578.97 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.549 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

 = min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 76.36 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 76.36 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(76.36 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.082
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.533 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 13.15 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 584.03 = 759.24 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 759.24 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 759.24 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.71 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok
5.2.4 Check for Shear
---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 64.68 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 64.68 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(64.68 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.009
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.451 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 1.47 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm
s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 528.22 = 686.69 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 686.69 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 686.69 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.646 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 98.14 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 98.14 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(98.14 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.219
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.219 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN
Vu/φVn = 0.685 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 34.93 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 71.13 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 8.81 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 71.13 + 0.25 * 8.81 = 73.33 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 506 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 506) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
159.23 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (159.23)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (506 - 159.23)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (159.23 -
55)^2 = 1259.6 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 71.13 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 71.13)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1363.01 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 73.33 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 73.33)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1356.42 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 79.94 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 79.94)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1340.09 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 2.34 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1363.01 * 10^6] = 6.18 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 2.41 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1356.42 * 10^6] = 6.4
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2.63 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1340.09 * 10^6] =
7.06 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 7.06 - 6.18 = 0.88 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4900 / 360 = 13.61 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.88] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 506) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 6.4 = 11.12 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 11.12 + 0.88 = 12 mm

(Total deflection = 12 mm) < (l / 240 = 20.42 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 24
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B128
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 4.9 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 -101.52
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 69.16 79.02 50.71
Shear Forces kN 63.7 75.5 127.57

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 347.09 = 451.22 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 451.22 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 451.22 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.602 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam
∵ (Vu = 63.7 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001)
= 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 63.7 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.39 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 63.7 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 398.58 = 518.15 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 518.15 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 518.15 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.687 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
 = max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 75.5 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001)
= 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 75.5 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(75.5 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) = 0.06
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.462 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 9.85 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 252.16 = 327.81 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 327.81 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 327.81 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.441 < 1 → Ok
5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 525.5 , 1.4 * 200 * 525.5 / 420]
= larger of [306.48 mm^2 , 350.33 mm^2]
= 350.33 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 350.33 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.883 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 127.57 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 127.57 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(127.57 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.374 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.374 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.78 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 61.92 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok
∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 49.32 63.88
M.L (kN.m) 0 6.24 7.55

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 49.32 + 0.25 * 6.24 = 50.88 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 63.88 + 0.25 * 7.55 = 65.77 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 49.32 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 49.32)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1206.57 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 50.88 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

 → (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 50.88)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1191.24 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 55.56 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 55.56)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1154.41 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.42 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1206.57 * 10^6] = 4.24 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.47 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1191.24 * 10^6] = 4.43
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.6 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1154.41 * 10^6] = 4.99
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 4.99 - 4.24 = 0.75 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4900 / 360 = 13.61 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.75] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 4.43 = 7.73 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 7.73 + 0.75 = 8.47 mm

(Total deflection = 8.47 mm) < (l / 240 = 20.42 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 25
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B129
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.3 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 54.96 60.92 51.44
Shear Forces kN 55.17 35.52 60.65

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 273.87 = 356.03 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 356.03 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 356.03 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.478 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 55.17 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 55.17 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m
 → (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.337 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 55.17 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
 545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 304.47 = 395.81 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 395.81 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 395.81 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.53 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 35.52 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 35.52 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.217 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 35.52 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 255.88 = 332.64 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 332.64 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 332.64 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.448 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam
∵ (Vu = 60.65 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 60.65 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.371 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 60.65 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 43.22 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0.78 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 43.22 + 0.25 * 0.78 = 43.42 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 43.22 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 43.22)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1289.62 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 43.42 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 43.42)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1286.2 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 44 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 44)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) / (3600
* 10^6))]
= 1276.32 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.08 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1289.62 * 10^6] = 3.03 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.09 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1286.2 * 10^6] = 3.04
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.1 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1276.32 * 10^6] = 3.09
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 3.09 - 3.03 = 0.06 mm
(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4300 / 360 = 11.94 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.06] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 3.04 = 5.31 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 5.31 + 0.06 = 5.37 mm

(Total deflection = 5.37 mm) < (l / 240 = 17.92 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 26
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B130
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 2.3 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 -21.65 -37.08
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 15.04 15.04 0.69
Shear Forces kN 38.51 58.63 64.8

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 73.52 = 95.57 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 95.57 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 95.57 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.244 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok
5.1.4 Check for Shear
---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 38.51 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 38.51 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.249 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 38.51 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 73.52 = 95.57 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 95.57 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 95.57 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.244 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 106.16 = 138 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 138 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 138 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.352 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 58.63 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 58.63 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.38 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 58.63 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 3.35 = 4.36 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 4.36 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 4.36 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.011 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 183.16 = 238.11 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 238.11 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 238.11 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.602 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 64.8 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001) =
332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 64.8 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.42 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 64.8 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 9.43 22.99
M.L (kN.m) 0 1.15 3.05

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 9.43 + 0.25 * 1.15 = 9.72 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 22.99 + 0.25 * 3.05 = 23.75 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4
→ Determine the effective moment of inertia
Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 9.43 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 9.72 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 10.58 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.04 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.04 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.04 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.04 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.04 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.04
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.04 - 0.04 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2300 / 360 = 6.39 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.04 = 0.07 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.07 + 0 = 0.07 mm

(Total deflection = 0.07 mm) < (l / 240 = 9.58 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 27
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B131
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B9
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa
3. Beam Geometry and Properties
===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 5.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 700 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 143.82 173.3 143.35
Shear Forces kN 123.97 73.39 128.66

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 620.62 = 806.81 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 806.81 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 806.81 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.738 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 123.97 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 *
0.001) = 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 123.97 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(123.97 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) =
0.253 mm^2/m
(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4
= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.253 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.722 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 48.27 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 606 , 1.4 * 200 * 606 / 420]
= larger of [353.43 mm^2 , 404 mm^2]
= 404 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 404 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.889 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN
∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 73.39 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001)
= 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 73.39 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.428 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 73.39 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 618.48 = 804.03 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 804.03 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 804.03 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.735 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
 = 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 128.66 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 *
0.001) = 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 128.66 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(128.66 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) =
0.277 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.277 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.75 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 52.96 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 108.12 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 13.71 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 108.12 + 0.25 * 13.71 = 111.55 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 700 / 2 = 350 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 700^3 / 12 = 5716.67 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 606 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 606) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
177.44 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (177.44)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (606 - 177.44)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (177.44 -
55)^2 = 1881.43 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 5716.67 * 10^6 / 350] * 10^-6 = 49.61 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 108.12 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 108.12)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 2007.46 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 111.55 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 111.55)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 1999.35 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 121.83 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 121.83)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 1979.3 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 3.15 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [2007.46 * 10^6] = 8.96 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 3.25 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [1999.35 * 10^6] =
9.28 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 3.54 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [1979.3 * 10^6] =
10.23 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 10.23 - 8.96 = 1.27 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 5800 / 360 = 16.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 1.27] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 606) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.77

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.77 * 9.28 = 16.47 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 16.47 + 1.27 = 17.74 mm

(Total deflection = 17.74 mm) < (l / 240 = 24.17 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 28
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B132
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 3.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm
4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 79 87.37 79.22
Shear Forces kN 93.97 57.28 92.62

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 398.47 = 518.01 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 518.01 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 518.01 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.687 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 93.97 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 93.97 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(93.97 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.171 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.171 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.575 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 28.32 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 442.61 = 575.39 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 575.39 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 575.39 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.76 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 57.28 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 57.28 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m
 → (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.35 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 57.28 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
 545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 399.63 = 519.51 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 519.51 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 519.51 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.689 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 92.62 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 92.62 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(92.62 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.163 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.566 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 26.97 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 58.02 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 3.84 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 58.02 + 0.25 * 3.84 = 58.98 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 58.02 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 58.02)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1139.22 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 58.98 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 58.98)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1133.89 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 61.86 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 61.86)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1119.63 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.01 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1139.22 * 10^6] = 3.21 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.03 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1133.89 * 10^6] = 3.28
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.08 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1119.63 * 10^6] =
3.48 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 3.48 - 3.21 = 0.27 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3600 / 360 = 10 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.27] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3
ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 3.28 = 5.71 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 5.71 + 0.27 = 5.98 mm

(Total deflection = 5.98 mm) < (l / 240 = 15 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 29
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B133
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Both continuous
Beam Clear Span 3.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -79.99 -0.04 -93.92
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 36.83 47.33 33.11
Shear Forces kN 132.93 94.8 138.28

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
 2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 181.9 = 236.47 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 236.47 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 236.47 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m
Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.32 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 403.67 = 524.77 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 524.77 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 524.77 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.696 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 132.93 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 132.93 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(132.93 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.406 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.406 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.813 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 67.28 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok
∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 234.96 = 305.45 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 305.45 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 305.45 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.412 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0.19 = 0.25 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0.25 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0.25 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.001 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 94.8 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001)
= 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 94.8 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(94.8 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) = 0.176
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.176 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.58 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 29.15 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
 = min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 163.24 = 212.21 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 212.21 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 212.21 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.288 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 525.5 , 1.4 * 200 * 525.5 / 420]
 = larger of [306.48 mm^2 , 350.33 mm^2]
= 350.33 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 350.33 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.817 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 138.28 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 138.28 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(138.28 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.439 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.439 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement
(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.846 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 72.63 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 51.89 31.76 58.84
M.L (kN.m) 4.59 1.79 7.22

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 51.89 + 0.25 * 4.59 = 53.04 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 31.76 + 0.25 * 1.79 = 32.21 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 58.84 + 0.25 * 7.22 = 60.64 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 31.76 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 31.76)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1725.63 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 32.21 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 32.21)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1691.33 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 33.55 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 33.55)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1603.25 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.36 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1725.63 * 10^6] = 0.75 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.36 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1691.33 * 10^6] = 0.77
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.37 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1603.25 * 10^6] =
0.83 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.83 - 0.75 = 0.07 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3600 / 360 = 10 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.07] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 0.77 = 1.35 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 1.35 + 0.07 = 1.42 mm

(Total deflection = 1.42 mm) < (l / 240 = 15 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 3
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B90
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.5 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 69.42 86.17 69.42
Shear Forces kN 63.52 54.34 63.52

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 348.44 = 452.97 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 452.97 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 452.97 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.604 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
 = max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 63.52 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 63.52 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.388 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 63.52 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
 2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 436.25 = 567.13 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 567.13 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 567.13 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.75 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2
Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2
= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 54.34 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 54.34 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.332 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 54.34 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 348.44 = 452.97 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 452.97 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 452.97 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.604 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 63.52 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 63.52 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.388 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 63.52 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok
∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 48.28 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 11.61 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 48.28 + 0.25 * 11.61 = 51.18 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 48.28 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 48.28)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1217.87 * 10^6 mm^4
M.[sus](+) = 51.18 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m
→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 51.18)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1188.47 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 59.89 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 59.89)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1129.13 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.39 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1217.87 * 10^6] = 4.12 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.48 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1188.47 * 10^6] = 4.47
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.73 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1129.13 * 10^6] = 5.5
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 5.5 - 4.12 = 1.38 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4500 / 360 = 12.5 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 1.38] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 4.47 = 7.8 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 7.8 + 1.38 = 9.18 mm

(Total deflection = 9.18 mm) < (l / 240 = 18.75 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 30
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B134
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B7
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 79.5 105.63 79.61
Shear Forces kN 97.17 60.27 96.73

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 401.1 = 521.43 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 521.43 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 521.43 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.497 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 97.17 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 97.17 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(97.17 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.213
mm^2/m
(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4
= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.213 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.678 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 33.96 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 540.31 = 702.41 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 702.41 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 702.41 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.66 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam
∵ (Vu = 60.27 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 60.27 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.42 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 60.27 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 401.67 = 522.18 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 522.18 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 522.18 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.497 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

 = [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 96.73 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 96.73 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(96.73 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.21
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.21 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.675 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 33.52 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 66.29 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 8.02 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 66.29 + 0.25 * 8.02 = 68.3 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 506 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 506) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
159.23 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (159.23)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (506 - 159.23)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (159.23 -
55)^2 = 1259.6 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 66.29 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 66.29)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1380.16 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 68.3 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 68.3)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1372.56 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 74.31 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 74.31)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1353.7 * 10^6 mm^4
→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 2.1 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1380.16 * 10^6] = 5.48 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 2.16 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1372.56 * 10^6] = 5.67
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2.35 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1353.7 * 10^6] = 6.25
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 6.25 - 5.48 = 0.78 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4800 / 360 = 13.33 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.78] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 506) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 5.67 = 9.85 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 9.85 + 0.78 = 10.63 mm

(Total deflection = 10.63 mm) < (l / 240 = 20 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 31
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B135
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B6
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 4.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
 END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -127.51 -12.94 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 38.99 103.09 84.29
Shear Forces kN 174.11 130.59 111.79

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@120

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 192.77 = 250.6 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 250.6 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 250.6 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.339 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 660.1 = 858.13 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 858.13 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 858.13 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -177.85 = -160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.797 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 174.11 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 174.11 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(174.11 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.696
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.696 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 120 = 0.838 mm^2/mm
Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.838 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 178.04 kN
φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (178.04 + 84.28) = 196.74 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 196.74 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.885 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 110.9 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 120 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@120

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 525.5 , 1.4 * 200 * 525.5 / 420]
= larger of [306.48 mm^2 , 350.33 mm^2]
= 350.33 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 350.33 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.897 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 63.19 = 82.15 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 82.15 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 82.15 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.113 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 130.59 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 130.59 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(130.59 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.392 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.392 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 120 = 0.838 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.838 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 184.9 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (184.9 + 87.53) = 204.32 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 204.32 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.639 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 64.94 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 120 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@120

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 426.32 = 554.22 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 554.22 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 554.22 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.733 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN
∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 111.79 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 111.79 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(111.79 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.279 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.279 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 120 = 0.838 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.838 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 184.9 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (184.9 + 87.53) = 204.32 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 204.32 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.547 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 46.14 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 120 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 77.79 61.25 0
M.L (kN.m) 11.63 10.83 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 77.79 + 0.25 * 11.63 = 80.7 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 61.25 + 0.25 * 10.83 = 63.96 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.885 * 74.5 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.037 =
134.45 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (134.45)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 134.45)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (134.45 -
74.5)^2 = 996.94 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 61.25 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 996.94 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 61.25)^2 (1 - (996.94 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1124.97 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 63.96 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 996.94 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 63.96)^2 (1 - (996.94 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1113.12 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 72.08 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 996.94 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 72.08)^2 (1 - (996.94 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1086.2 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.73 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1124.97 * 10^6] = 5.53 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.81 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1113.12 * 10^6] = 5.84
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2.04 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1086.2 * 10^6] = 6.75
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 6.75 - 5.53 = 1.22 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4800 / 360 = 13.33 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 1.22] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.006

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.006] = 1.55

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.55 * 5.84 = 9.04 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 9.04 + 1.22 = 10.25 mm

(Total deflection = 10.25 mm) < (l / 240 = 20 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 32
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B136
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Both continuous
Beam Clear Span 3.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -50.77 -4.03 -102.34
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 44.86 55.04 33.09
Shear Forces kN 105.07 100.32 144.13

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 222.43 = 289.16 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 289.16 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 289.16 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.39 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 252.46 = 328.2 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 328.2 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 328.2 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.442 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 105.07 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 105.07 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(105.07 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.238 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.238 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.642 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 39.42 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
 = min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 274.28 = 356.56 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 356.56 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 356.56 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.479 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 19.6 = 25.48 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 25.48 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 25.48 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.065 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 100.32 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 100.32 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(100.32 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.209 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.209 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.613 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 34.67 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 163.14 = 212.08 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 212.08 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 212.08 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.288 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 525.5 , 1.4 * 200 * 525.5 / 420]
= larger of [306.48 mm^2 , 350.33 mm^2]
= 350.33 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 350.33 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.89 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 144.13 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 144.13 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(144.13 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.474 mm^2/m
 (Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4
= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.474 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.881 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 78.48 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 31.46 32.84 62.63
M.L (kN.m) 4.2 5.66 9.16

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 31.46 + 0.25 * 4.2 = 32.51 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 32.84 + 0.25 * 5.66 = 34.26 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 62.63 + 0.25 * 9.16 = 64.92 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 32.84 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 32.84)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1647.31 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 34.26 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 34.26)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1564.25 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 38.5 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 38.5)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1397.48 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.4 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1647.31 * 10^6] = 0.86 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.41 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1564.25 * 10^6] = 0.94
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.45 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1397.48 * 10^6] =
1.17 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 1.17 - 0.86 = 0.31 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3600 / 360 = 10 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.31] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
 = 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 0.94 = 1.65 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 1.65 + 0.31 = 1.96 mm

(Total deflection = 1.96 mm) < (l / 240 = 15 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 33
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B137
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 3.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 66.02 71.62 65.72
Shear Forces kN 80.33 47.32 81.1

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
 1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 330.8 = 430.05 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 430.05 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 430.05 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.574 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2
Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2
= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 80.33 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 80.33 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(80.33 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.089 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.491 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 14.68 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 359.88 = 467.85 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 467.85 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 467.85 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.623 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok
5.2.4 Check for Shear
---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 47.32 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 47.32 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.289 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 47.32 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm
s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 329.25 = 428.03 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 428.03 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 428.03 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.572 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 81.1 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001)
= 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 81.1 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(81.1 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) = 0.093
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.496 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 15.45 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 46.39 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 4.17 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 46.39 + 0.25 * 4.17 = 47.43 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4
→ Determine the effective moment of inertia
Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 46.39 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 46.39)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1241.03 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 47.43 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 47.43)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1227.81 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 50.56 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 50.56)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1194.24 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.82 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1241.03 * 10^6] = 2.39 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.84 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1227.81 * 10^6] = 2.47
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.9 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1194.24 * 10^6] = 2.7
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 2.7 - 2.39 = 0.32 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3600 / 360 = 10 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.32] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 2.47 = 4.3 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 4.3 + 0.32 = 4.62 mm

(Total deflection = 4.62 mm) < (l / 240 = 15 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 34
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B138
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B8
Design Code ACI 318-19
2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 4.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -137.55 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 78.47 123.42 117.33
Shear Forces kN 182.88 118.89 155.3

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@110

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 395.69 = 514.4 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 514.4 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 514.4 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.49 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 506 , 1.4 * 200 * 506 / 420]
= larger of [295.11 mm^2 , 337.33 mm^2]
= 337.33 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 337.33 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -177.85 = -160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.859 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN
Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 182.88 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 182.88 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(182.88 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.751
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.751 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 110 = 0.914 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.914 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 194.23 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (194.23 + 84.28) = 208.88 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 208.88 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.876 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 119.67 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 110 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
 2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@110

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 637.48 = 828.72 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 828.72 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 828.72 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.771 < 1 → Ok
5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3
nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc
Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 118.89 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 118.89 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(118.89 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.349
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.349 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 110 = 0.914 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.914 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 194.23 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (194.23 + 84.28) = 208.88 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 208.88 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.569 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 55.68 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 110 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)
********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@110

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 603.99 = 785.18 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 785.18 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 785.18 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.733 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 155.3 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 155.3 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(155.3 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.578
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.578 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 110 = 0.914 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.914 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 194.23 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (194.23 + 84.28) = 208.88 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 208.88 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.743 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 92.09 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 110 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 84.03 75.33 0
M.L (kN.m) 12.44 11.41 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 84.03 + 0.25 * 12.44 = 87.14 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 75.33 + 0.25 * 11.41 = 78.18 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.59
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 506 * (1 + 0.59 * 74.5 / 506) + (1 + 0.59)^2) - (1 + 0.59)] / 0.025 = 155.74
mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (155.74)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (506 - 155.74)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (155.74 -
74.5)^2 = 1267.33 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 75.33 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1267.33 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 75.33)^2 (1 - (1267.33 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1358.95 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 78.18 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1267.33 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 78.18)^2 (1 - (1267.33 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1351.95 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 86.74 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1267.33 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 86.74)^2 (1 - (1267.33 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1335.23 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 2.15 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1358.95 * 10^6] = 5.68 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 2.23 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1351.95 * 10^6] = 5.93
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2.47 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1335.23 * 10^6] =
6.67 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 6.67 - 5.68 = 0.99 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4800 / 360 = 13.33 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.99] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (200 * 506) = 0.006

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.006] = 1.53

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.53 * 5.93 = 9.1 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 9.1 + 0.99 = 10.08 mm

(Total deflection = 10.08 mm) < (l / 240 = 20 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 35
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B139
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19
2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 3.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 62.11 71.06 61.72
Shear Forces kN 75.39 49.5 74.02

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 310.6 = 403.78 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 403.78 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 403.78 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.54 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 75.39 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
 → The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 75.39 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(75.39 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.059 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.461 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 9.74 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 356.97 = 464.06 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 464.06 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 464.06 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.618 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 49.5 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001)
= 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 49.5 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.303 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 49.5 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170
5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 308.59 = 401.17 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 401.17 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 401.17 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.537 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
 = 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 74.02 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 74.02 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(74.02 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.051 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.453 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 8.37 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 44.55 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 5.44 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 44.55 + 0.25 * 5.44 = 45.91 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 44.55 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 44.55)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1267.51 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 45.91 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 45.91)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1247.53 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 49.99 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 49.99)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1199.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.89 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1267.51 * 10^6] = 2.52 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.92 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1247.53 * 10^6] = 2.64
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1199.76 * 10^6] = 2.99
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 2.99 - 2.52 = 0.47 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3800 / 360 = 10.56 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.47] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 2.64 = 4.61 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 4.61 + 0.47 = 5.08 mm

(Total deflection = 5.08 mm) < (l / 240 = 15.83 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 36
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B140
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B2
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm
4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -97.27 -17.01 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 13.74 43.04 43.04
Shear Forces kN 110.23 80.64 44.31

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 67.12 = 87.26 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 87.26 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 87.26 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.223 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 525.5 , 1.4 * 200 * 525.5 / 420]
= larger of [306.48 mm^2 , 350.33 mm^2]
= 350.33 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 350.33 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.846 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 110.23 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 110.23 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(110.23 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.269 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.269 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm
Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN
φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.741 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 44.58 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 213.22 = 277.18 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 277.18 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 277.18 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.699 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 83.22 = 108.19 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 108.19 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 108.19 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.276 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 80.64 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 80.64 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(80.64 - 0.75 * 90.78) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 545) = 0.073
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
 = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.522 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 12.56 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 132.16 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
 545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 213.22 = 277.18 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 277.18 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 277.18 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.699 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 44.31 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 44.31 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
 → Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.287 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 44.31 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 61.14 27.19 0
M.L (kN.m) 7.29 3.13 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 61.14 + 0.25 * 7.29 = 62.96 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 27.19 + 0.25 * 3.13 = 27.97 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 27.19 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 600.76 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 27.19)^2 (1 - (600.76 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1795.31 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 27.97 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 600.76 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 27.97)^2 (1 - (600.76 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1617.85 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 30.32 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 600.76 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 30.32)^2 (1 - (600.76 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1292.2 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.44 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1795.31 * 10^6] = 0.88 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.45 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1617.85 * 10^6] = 1 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.48 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1292.2 * 10^6] = 1.35
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 1.35 - 0.88 = 0.47 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4000 / 360 = 11.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.47] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
 = 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 1 = 1.75 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 1.75 + 0.47 = 2.22 mm

(Total deflection = 2.22 mm) < (l / 240 = 16.67 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 37
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B141
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B13
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 5 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 300 mm
Beam Depth 800 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 -19.7 -52.08
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 13.21 13.21 0
Shear Forces kN 17.04 26.89 37.88

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
 1 4 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 47.01 = 61.11 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 61.11 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 61.11 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 187.21 = 168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.078 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 187.21 = 168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 300* 800 = 240000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

 = min of [0 / (6 * 240000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 186.14 kN
= max of [186.14 , 0] → Vc = 186.14 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 459.87 kN

∵ (Vc = 186.14 kN) < (Vc.max = 459.87 kN) → Vc = 186.14 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 17.04 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (186.14 + 0.66 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001)
= 681.59 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 17.04 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 300 / 420 , 0.35 * 300 / 420]
= greater of [0.217 , 0.25]
= 0.25 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.25 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 745 * 0.001 = 157.28 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (157.28 + 186.14) = 257.56 kN , 681.59 kN]
= 257.56 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.066 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 17.04 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 745 / 2 = 372.5 mm]
= 372.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 745 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (300 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 212 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 212 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 372.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 47.01 = 61.11 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 61.11 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 61.11 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 187.21 = 168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.078 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 70.18 = 91.24 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 91.24 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 91.24 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -187.21 = -168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.117 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3
nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc
Ag = bw * h = 300* 800 = 240000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 240000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 186.14 kN
= max of [186.14 , 0] → Vc = 186.14 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 459.87 kN

∵ (Vc = 186.14 kN) < (Vc.max = 459.87 kN) → Vc = 186.14 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 26.89 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (186.14 + 0.66 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001)
= 681.59 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 26.89 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 300 / 420 , 0.35 * 300 / 420]
= greater of [0.217 , 0.25]
= 0.25 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.25 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 745 * 0.001 = 157.28 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (157.28 + 186.14) = 257.56 kN , 681.59 kN]
= 257.56 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.104 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 26.89 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 745 / 2 = 372.5 mm]
= 372.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 745 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (300 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 212 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 212 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 372.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)
********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 187.21 = 168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 186.54 = 242.5 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 242.5 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 242.5 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -187.21 = -168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.309 < 1 → Ok
5.3.4 Check for Shear
---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 300* 800 = 240000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 240000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 186.14 kN
= max of [186.14 , 0] → Vc = 186.14 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 459.87 kN

∵ (Vc = 186.14 kN) < (Vc.max = 459.87 kN) → Vc = 186.14 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 37.88 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (186.14 + 0.66 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001)
= 681.59 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 37.88 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 300 / 420 , 0.35 * 300 / 420]
= greater of [0.217 , 0.25]
= 0.25 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.25 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 745 * 0.001 = 157.28 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (157.28 + 186.14) = 257.56 kN , 681.59 kN]
= 257.56 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.147 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 37.88 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 745 / 2 = 372.5 mm]
= 372.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 745 mm]
= 600 mm
s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (300 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 212 mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 212 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 372.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 10.22 34.59
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 2.28

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 10.22 + 0.25 * 0 = 10.22 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 34.59 + 0.25 * 2.28 = 35.16 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 800 / 2 = 400 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 300 * 800^3 / 12 = 12800 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 300 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.056 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.056 * 745 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 745) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.056 =
137.95 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 300 * (137.95)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (745 - 137.95)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (137.95 -
55)^2 = 2266.09 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 12800 * 10^6 / 400] * 10^-6 = 97.2 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 10.22 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 64.8 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =12800000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 10.22 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 64.8 kN.m

 → (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =12800000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 10.22 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 64.8 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =12800000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0 * [12800 * 10^6] / [12800 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0 * [12800 * 10^6] / [12800 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0 * [12800 * 10^6] / [12800 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0 - 0 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 5000 / 360 = 13.89 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (300 * 745) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.76

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.76 * 0 = 0 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0 + 0 = 0 mm

(Total deflection = 0 mm) < (l / 240 = 20.83 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 38
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B142
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 2.2 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm
4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 36 36 36
Shear Forces kN 68.18 40.91 68.18

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 177.73 = 231.05 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 231.05 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 231.05 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.585 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 68.18 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 68.18 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(68.18 - 0.75 * 90.78) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 545) = 0.001
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN
Vu/φVn = 0.442 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 0.1 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 132.16 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 177.73 = 231.05 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 231.05 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 231.05 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.585 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 40.91 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 40.91 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.265 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 40.91 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 177.73 = 231.05 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 231.05 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 231.05 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.585 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 68.18 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 68.18 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(68.18 - 0.75 * 90.78) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 545) = 0.001
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
 = greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.442 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 0.1 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 132.16 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 20.5 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 4.56 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 20.5 + 0.25 * 4.56 = 21.64 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 20.5 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 21.64 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 25.06 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 600.76 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 25.06)^2 (1 - (600.76 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 2772.15 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [2772.15 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0 - 0 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2200 / 360 = 6.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0 = 0 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0 + 0 = 0 mm

(Total deflection = 0 mm) < (l / 240 = 9.17 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 39
**************************************************************************************
1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B143
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B7
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 93.53 110.84 97.7
Shear Forces kN 92.19 81.49 86.69

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 475.35 = 617.95 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 617.95 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 617.95 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.584 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
 = 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN
Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 92.19 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 92.19 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(92.19 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.182
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.182 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.643 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 28.98 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
 2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 568.56 = 739.13 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 739.13 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 739.13 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.692 < 1 → Ok
5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 81.49 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 81.49 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(81.49 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.115
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.569 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 18.28 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 497.64 = 646.93 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 646.93 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 646.93 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.61 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m
Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 86.69 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 86.69 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(86.69 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.147
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.605 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 23.48 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 70.24 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 7.81 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 70.24 + 0.25 * 7.81 = 72.19 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 506 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 506) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
159.23 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (159.23)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (506 - 159.23)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (159.23 -
55)^2 = 1259.6 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m
M.[D](+) = 70.24 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m
→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 70.24)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1365.87 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 72.19 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 72.19)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1359.75 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 78.05 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 78.05)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1344.3 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.54 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1365.87 * 10^6] = 4.07 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.58 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1359.75 * 10^6] = 4.2
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.71 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1344.3 * 10^6] = 4.57
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 4.57 - 4.07 = 0.51 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4000 / 360 = 11.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.51] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 506) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 4.2 = 7.28 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 7.28 + 0.51 = 7.79 mm

(Total deflection = 7.79 mm) < (l / 240 = 16.67 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 4
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B95
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.5 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 62.57 77.46 62.57
Shear Forces kN 60.88 47.63 60.88

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
 545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 312.97 = 406.87 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 406.87 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 406.87 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.544 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 60.88 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 60.88 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.372 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 60.88 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 390.39 = 507.51 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 507.51 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 507.51 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.674 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam
∵ (Vu = 47.63 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 47.63 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.291 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 47.63 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 312.97 = 406.87 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 406.87 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 406.87 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.544 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
 = max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 60.88 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 60.88 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.372 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 60.88 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 46.14 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 8.03 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 46.14 + 0.25 * 8.03 = 48.15 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 46.14 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 46.14)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1244.38 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 48.15 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 48.15)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1219.38 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 54.17 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 54.17)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1164.13 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.33 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1244.38 * 10^6] = 3.85 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.39 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1219.38 * 10^6] = 4.09
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.56 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1164.13 * 10^6] =
4.82 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 4.82 - 3.85 = 0.97 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4500 / 360 = 12.5 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.97] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 4.09 = 7.14 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 7.14 + 0.97 = 8.11 mm

(Total deflection = 8.11 mm) < (l / 240 = 18.75 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 40
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B144
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B6
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -101.27 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 57.41 92.75 86.22
Shear Forces kN 166.17 121.05 77.73

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@120

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 286.42 = 372.35 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 372.35 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 372.35 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.499 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 516.8 = 671.84 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 671.84 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 671.84 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -177.85 = -160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.633 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 166.17 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 166.17 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(166.17 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.646
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.646 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 120 = 0.838 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.838 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 178.04 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (178.04 + 84.28) = 196.74 kN , 308.62 kN]
 = 196.74 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.845 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 102.96 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 120 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@120

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 471.19 = 612.55 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 612.55 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 612.55 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.807 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 121.05 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 121.05 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(121.05 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.335 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
 = greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.335 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 120 = 0.838 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.838 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 184.9 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (184.9 + 87.53) = 204.32 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 204.32 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.592 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 55.4 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 120 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@120

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 436.52 = 567.47 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 567.47 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 567.47 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.75 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 77.73 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 77.73 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(77.73 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.073 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 120 = 0.838 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.838 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 184.9 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (184.9 + 87.53) = 204.32 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 204.32 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.38 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 12.08 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 120 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 65.43 58.15 0
M.L (kN.m) 6.04 7.08 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 65.43 + 0.25 * 6.04 = 66.94 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 58.15 + 0.25 * 7.08 = 59.92 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.885 * 74.5 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.037 =
134.45 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (134.45)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 134.45)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (134.45 -
74.5)^2 = 996.94 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 58.15 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 996.94 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 58.15)^2 (1 - (996.94 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1141 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 59.92 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 996.94 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 59.92)^2 (1 - (996.94 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1131.49 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 65.23 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 996.94 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 65.23)^2 (1 - (996.94 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1108.13 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.17 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1141 * 10^6] = 3.69 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.2 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1131.49 * 10^6] = 3.83
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.31 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1108.13 * 10^6] =
4.26 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 4.26 - 3.69 = 0.58 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4000 / 360 = 11.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.58] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.006

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.006] = 1.55

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.55 * 3.83 = 5.93 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 5.93 + 0.58 = 6.51 mm

(Total deflection = 6.51 mm) < (l / 240 = 16.67 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 41
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B145
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B11
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 3.2 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 800 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 59.01 68.61 51.27
Shear Forces kN 76.75 74.54 82.37

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
 ● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.026971 -420 -129.31
706 -0.025402 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 179.43 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 725.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 212.67 = 276.47 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 276.47 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 276.47 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.027

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.027) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 179.43 = 161.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.365 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.026971 -420 -129.31
706 -0.025402 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 179.43 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 725.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.027

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.027) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 179.43 = 161.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 800 = 160000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 160000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 725.5 * 0.001 = 120.84 kN
= max of [120.84 , 0] → Vc = 120.84 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 725.5 * 0.001 = 298.55 kN

∵ (Vc = 120.84 kN) < (Vc.max = 298.55 kN) → Vc = 120.84 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 76.75 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (120.84 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 725.5 *
0.001) = 442.5 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 76.75 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 120.84 = 90.63 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 725.5 * 0.001 = 153.16 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (153.16 + 120.84) = 205.51 kN , 442.5 kN]
= 205.51 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.373 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 76.75 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 120.84 = 90.63 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 725.5 / 2 = 362.75 mm]
= 362.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 725.5 mm]
= 600 mm
s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 362.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.026971 -420 -129.31
706 -0.025402 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 179.43 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 725.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 247.88 = 322.24 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 322.24 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 322.24 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.027

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.027) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 179.43 = 161.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.425 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.026971 -420 -129.31
706 -0.025402 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 179.43 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 725.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.027
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.027) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 179.43 = 161.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 800 = 160000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 160000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 725.5 * 0.001 = 120.84 kN
= max of [120.84 , 0] → Vc = 120.84 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 725.5 * 0.001 = 298.55 kN

∵ (Vc = 120.84 kN) < (Vc.max = 298.55 kN) → Vc = 120.84 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 74.54 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (120.84 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 725.5 *
0.001) = 442.5 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 74.54 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 120.84 = 90.63 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 725.5 * 0.001 = 153.16 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (153.16 + 120.84) = 205.51 kN , 442.5 kN]
= 205.51 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.363 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 74.54 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 120.84 = 90.63 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 725.5 / 2 = 362.75 mm]
= 362.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 725.5 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 362.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.026971 -420 -129.31
706 -0.025402 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 179.43 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 725.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 184.41 = 239.73 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 239.73 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 239.73 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.027

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.027) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 179.43 = 161.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.317 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.026971 -420 -129.31
706 -0.025402 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 179.43 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 725.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.027

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.027) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 179.43 = 161.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 800 = 160000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 160000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 725.5 * 0.001 = 120.84 kN
= max of [120.84 , 0] → Vc = 120.84 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 725.5 * 0.001 = 298.55 kN

∵ (Vc = 120.84 kN) < (Vc.max = 298.55 kN) → Vc = 120.84 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 82.37 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (120.84 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 725.5 *
0.001) = 442.5 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 82.37 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 120.84 = 90.63 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement
(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 725.5 * 0.001 = 153.16 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (153.16 + 120.84) = 205.51 kN , 442.5 kN]
= 205.51 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.401 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 82.37 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 120.84 = 90.63 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 725.5 / 2 = 362.75 mm]
= 362.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 725.5 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 362.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 44.04 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 4.51 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 44.04 + 0.25 * 4.51 = 45.17 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 800 / 2 = 400 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 800^3 / 12 = 8533.33 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 725.5 * (1 + 0.885 * 74.5 / 725.5) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.037 =
161.42 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (161.42)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (725.5 - 161.42)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (161.42 -
74.5)^2 = 2018.01 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 8533.33 * 10^6 / 400] * 10^-6 = 64.8 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 44.04 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 43.2 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 2018.01 * 10^6 / [1 - (43.2 / 44.04)^2 (1 - (2018.01 * 10^6) /
(8533.33 * 10^6))]
= 7603.71 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 45.17 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 43.2 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 2018.01 * 10^6 / [1 - (43.2 / 45.17)^2 (1 - (2018.01 * 10^6) /
(8533.33 * 10^6))]
= 6690.67 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 48.55 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 43.2 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 2018.01 * 10^6 / [1 - (43.2 / 48.55)^2 (1 - (2018.01 * 10^6) /
(8533.33 * 10^6))]
= 5101.92 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.28 * [8533.33 * 10^6] / [7603.71 * 10^6] = 0.32 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.29 * [8533.33 * 10^6] / [6690.67 * 10^6] =
0.37 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.31 * [8533.33 * 10^6] / [5101.92 * 10^6] =
0.52 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.52 - 0.32 = 0.2 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3200 / 360 = 8.89 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.2] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (200 * 725.5) = 0.004

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.004] = 1.65

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.65 * 0.37 = 0.61 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.61 + 0.2 = 0.81 mm

(Total deflection = 0.81 mm) < (l / 240 = 13.33 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 46
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B146
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark HB1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 2.7 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 500 mm
Beam Depth 350 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 11.67 15.18 14.21
Shear Forces kN 18.36 18.36 20.36

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 500 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.020735 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 90.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 105.43 = 137.06 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 137.06 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 137.06 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0207

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0207) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 90.24 = 81.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.144 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
 = 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 500 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.020735 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 90.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0207

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0207) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 90.24 = 81.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 500* 350 = 175000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 175000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 500 * 295 * 0.001 = 122.84 kN
= max of [122.84 , 0] → Vc = 122.84 kN
Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 500 * 295 * 0.001 = 303.49 kN

∵ (Vc = 122.84 kN) < (Vc.max = 303.49 kN) → Vc = 122.84 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 18.36 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (122.84 + 0.66 * √24 * 500 * 295 * 0.001)
= 449.82 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 18.36 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 122.84 = 92.13 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 500 / 420 , 0.35 * 500 / 420]
= greater of [0.362 , 0.417]
= 0.417 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.417 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 122.84) = 225.59 kN , 449.82 kN]
= 225.59 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.081 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 18.36 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 122.84 = 92.13 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (500 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 137.33

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 137.33 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 5 14 55
 ● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 500 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.020735 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 90.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 137.45 = 178.68 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 178.68 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 178.68 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0207

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0207) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 90.24 = 81.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.187 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 500 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.020735 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 90.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0207

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0207) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 90.24 = 81.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 500* 350 = 175000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 175000) , 0.05 * 24]
 = min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 500 * 295 * 0.001 = 122.84 kN
= max of [122.84 , 0] → Vc = 122.84 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 500 * 295 * 0.001 = 303.49 kN

∵ (Vc = 122.84 kN) < (Vc.max = 303.49 kN) → Vc = 122.84 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 18.36 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (122.84 + 0.66 * √24 * 500 * 295 * 0.001)
= 449.82 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 18.36 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 122.84 = 92.13 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 500 / 420 , 0.35 * 500 / 420]
= greater of [0.362 , 0.417]
= 0.417 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.417 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 122.84) = 225.59 kN , 449.82 kN]
= 225.59 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.081 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 18.36 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 122.84 = 92.13 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (500 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 137.33

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 137.33 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 5 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 500 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.020735 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 90.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 128.59 = 167.16 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 167.16 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 167.16 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0207

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0207) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 90.24 = 81.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.175 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 500 * 0.001 = 323.27 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.020735 -420 -323.27

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 90.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 769.69 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 769.69 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0207

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0207) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 90.24 = 81.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3
nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc
Ag = bw * h = 500* 350 = 175000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 175000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 500 * 295 * 0.001 = 122.84 kN
= max of [122.84 , 0] → Vc = 122.84 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 500 * 295 * 0.001 = 303.49 kN

∵ (Vc = 122.84 kN) < (Vc.max = 303.49 kN) → Vc = 122.84 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 20.36 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (122.84 + 0.66 * √24 * 500 * 295 * 0.001)
= 449.82 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 20.36 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 122.84 = 92.13 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 500 / 420 , 0.35 * 500 / 420]
= greater of [0.362 , 0.417]
= 0.417 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.417 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 122.84) = 225.59 kN , 449.82 kN]
= 225.59 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.09 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 20.36 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 122.84 = 92.13 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (500 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 137.33

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 137.33 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection
=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 8.44 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 2.1 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 8.44 + 0.25 * 2.1 = 8.96 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 350 / 2 = 175 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 500 * 350^3 / 12 = 1786.46 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 769.69 mm^2
A's = 769.69 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 500 / (8.69 * 769.69) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 769.69] / (8.69 * 769.69) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 295 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 295) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 = 73.92
mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 500 * (73.92)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 769.69 * (295 - 73.92)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 769.69 * (73.92 -
55)^2 = 396.21 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 1786.46 * 10^6 / 175] * 10^-6 = 31.01 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 8.44 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 20.67 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =1786458333.33 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 8.96 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 20.67 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =1786458333.33 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 10.54 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 20.67 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =1786458333.33 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)
→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.15 * [1786.46 * 10^6] / [1786.46 * 10^6] = 0.15 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.16 * [1786.46 * 10^6] / [1786.46 * 10^6] =
0.16 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.19 * [1786.46 * 10^6] / [1786.46 * 10^6] =
0.19 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.19 - 0.15 = 0.04 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2700 / 360 = 7.5 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.04] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 769.69 / (500 * 295) = 0.005

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.005] = 1.59

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.59 * 0.16 = 0.25 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.25 + 0.04 = 0.29 mm

(Total deflection = 0.29 mm) < (l / 240 = 11.25 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 47
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B147
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark HB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 5 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 800 mm
Beam Depth 350 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 50.46 68.92 50.72
Shear Forces kN 52.91 48.86 53.4

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 7 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 32.63 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 32.63 = 27.73 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 27.73 * 800 * 0.001 = 452.58 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.024126 -420 -452.58

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 1077.57 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 1077.57 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 461.82 = 600.36 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 600.36 mm^2
∵ (As = 1077.57 mm^2) > (As.min = 600.36 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0241

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0241) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.24 = 114.51 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.441 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 18.64 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 18.64 = 15.85 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 15.85 * 800 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
295 -0.04447 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 74.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0445

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0445) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 74.24 = 66.82 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 800* 350 = 280000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 280000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 800 * 295 * 0.001 = 196.55 kN
= max of [196.55 , 0] → Vc = 196.55 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 800 * 295 * 0.001 = 485.59 kN

∵ (Vc = 196.55 kN) < (Vc.max = 485.59 kN) → Vc = 196.55 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 52.91 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (196.55 + 0.66 * √24 * 800 * 295 * 0.001)
= 719.71 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 52.91 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 196.55 = 147.41 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 800 / 420 , 0.35 * 800 / 420]
= greater of [0.579 , 0.667]
= 0.667 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.667 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 196.55) = 280.87 kN , 719.71 kN]
= 280.87 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.188 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 52.91 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 196.55 = 147.41 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (800 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 237.33

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 237.33 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 7 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 32.63 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 32.63 = 27.73 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 27.73 * 800 * 0.001 = 452.58 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.024126 -420 -452.58

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 1077.57 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 1077.57 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 635.69 = 826.39 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 826.39 mm^2
∵ (As = 1077.57 mm^2) > (As.min = 826.39 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0241

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0241) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.24 = 114.51 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.602 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 18.64 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 18.64 = 15.85 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 15.85 * 800 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
295 -0.04447 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 74.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0445

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0445) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 74.24 = 66.82 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 800* 350 = 280000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 280000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 800 * 295 * 0.001 = 196.55 kN
= max of [196.55 , 0] → Vc = 196.55 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 800 * 295 * 0.001 = 485.59 kN

∵ (Vc = 196.55 kN) < (Vc.max = 485.59 kN) → Vc = 196.55 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 48.86 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (196.55 + 0.66 * √24 * 800 * 295 * 0.001)
= 719.71 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 48.86 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 196.55 = 147.41 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 800 / 420 , 0.35 * 800 / 420]
= greater of [0.579 , 0.667]
= 0.667 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.667 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm
Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN
φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 196.55) = 280.87 kN , 719.71 kN]
= 280.87 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.174 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 48.86 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 196.55 = 147.41 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (800 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 237.33

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 237.33 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 7 14 55
● Stirrups: 4-P8@140

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 32.63 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 32.63 = 27.73 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 27.73 * 800 * 0.001 = 452.58 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
295 -0.024126 -420 -452.58

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 1077.57 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 1077.57 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 464.25 = 603.52 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 603.52 mm^2
∵ (As = 1077.57 mm^2) > (As.min = 603.52 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0241

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0241) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.24 = 114.51 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.443 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 18.64 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 18.64 = 15.85 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 15.85 * 800 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
295 -0.04447 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 74.24 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 295 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0445

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0445) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 74.24 = 66.82 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 800* 350 = 280000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 280000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 800 * 295 * 0.001 = 196.55 kN
= max of [196.55 , 0] → Vc = 196.55 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 800 * 295 * 0.001 = 485.59 kN

∵ (Vc = 196.55 kN) < (Vc.max = 485.59 kN) → Vc = 196.55 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 53.4 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (196.55 + 0.66 * √24 * 800 * 295 * 0.001)
= 719.71 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 53.4 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 196.55 = 147.41 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 800 / 420 , 0.35 * 800 / 420]
= greater of [0.579 , 0.667]
= 0.667 mm^2/m
 → (Av/s).required = 0.667 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 140 = 1.436 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 1.436 * 420 * 295 * 0.001 = 177.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (177.94 + 196.55) = 280.87 kN , 719.71 kN]
= 280.87 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.19 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 53.4 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 196.55 = 147.41 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm]
= 147.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 295 mm]
= 295 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (800 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (4 - 1) = 237.33

mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 237.33 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 295 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 140 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 147.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 39.14 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 8.82 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 39.14 + 0.25 * 8.82 = 41.34 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 350 / 2 = 175 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 800 * 350^3 / 12 = 2858.33 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 1077.57 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 800 / (8.69 * 1077.57) = 0.085 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 1077.57) = 0.506
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.085 * 295 * (1 + 0.506 * 55 / 295) + (1 + 0.506)^2) - (1 + 0.506)] / 0.085 = 71.06
mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 800 * (71.06)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 1077.57 * (295 - 71.06)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (71.06 -
55)^2 = 566.3 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 2858.33 * 10^6 / 175] * 10^-6 = 49.61 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 39.14 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 566.3 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 39.14)^2 (1 - (566.3 * 10^6) /
(2858.33 * 10^6))]
= 1324.89 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 41.34 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 566.3 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 41.34)^2 (1 - (566.3 * 10^6) /
(2858.33 * 10^6))]
= 1163.13 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 47.96 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 566.3 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 47.96)^2 (1 - (566.3 * 10^6) /
(2858.33 * 10^6))]
= 915.36 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.58 * [2858.33 * 10^6] / [1324.89 * 10^6] = 3.4 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.67 * [2858.33 * 10^6] / [1163.13 * 10^6] =
4.09 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.94 * [2858.33 * 10^6] / [915.36 * 10^6] =
6.04 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 6.04 - 3.4 = 2.65 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 5000 / 360 = 13.89 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 2.65] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (800 * 295) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.77

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.77 * 4.09 = 7.24 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 7.24 + 2.65 = 9.89 mm

(Total deflection = 9.89 mm) < (l / 240 = 20.83 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 5
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B97
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 2.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 -7.46
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 17.04 18.72 14.42
Shear Forces kN 27.22 28.51 32.53

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 83.37 = 108.38 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 108.38 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 108.38 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.277 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2
Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)
= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 27.22 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 27.22 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.176 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 27.22 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 91.66 = 119.16 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 119.16 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 119.16 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.304 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2
Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2
= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 28.51 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 28.51 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.185 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 28.51 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 70.47 = 91.61 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 91.61 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 91.61 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m
Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.234 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 36.34 = 47.24 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 47.24 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 47.24 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.121 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 32.53 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 32.53 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.211 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 32.53 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection
=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 11.33 4.75
M.L (kN.m) 0 1.78 0.5

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 11.33 + 0.25 * 1.78 = 11.78 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 4.75 + 0.25 * 0.5 = 4.88 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 11.33 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 11.78 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 13.11 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)
→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.12 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.12 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.12 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.12 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.13 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.13
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.13 - 0.12 = 0.02 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2600 / 360 = 7.22 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.02] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.12 = 0.21 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.21 + 0.02 = 0.23 mm

(Total deflection = 0.23 mm) < (l / 240 = 10.83 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 6
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B98
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B2
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Both continuous
Beam Clear Span 2.2 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
 END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -9.13 -32.16 -48.24
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 0 0 0
Shear Forces kN 14.2 40.24 44.41

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 44.51 = 57.86 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 57.86 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 57.86 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.079 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 14.2 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001)
= 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 14.2 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.095 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 14.2 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 158.48 = 206.03 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 206.03 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 206.03 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.522 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 40.24 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 40.24 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm
Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN
φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.261 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 40.24 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 239.58 = 311.46 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 311.46 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 311.46 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.42 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 44.41 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 44.41 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
 = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.298 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 44.41 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 5.75 0 28.92
M.L (kN.m) 0.68 0 4.84

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 5.75 + 0.25 * 0.68 = 5.92 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 28.92 + 0.25 * 4.84 = 30.13 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 0 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 0 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 0 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0 - 0 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2200 / 360 = 6.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0 = 0 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0 + 0 = 0 mm

(Total deflection = 0 mm) < (l / 240 = 9.17 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 7
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B99
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 4.4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -49.19 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 29.97 54.55 48.69
Shear Forces kN 76.4 60.34 48.6

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
 = 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 147.53 = 191.79 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 191.79 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 191.79 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.261 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 244.42 = 317.74 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 317.74 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 317.74 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.428 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN
∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 76.4 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001)
= 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 76.4 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(76.4 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) = 0.065
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.467 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 10.75 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 271.77 = 353.3 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 353.3 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 353.3 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.475 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2
Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)
= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 60.34 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 60.34 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.369 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 60.34 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 241.87 = 314.43 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 314.43 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 314.43 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.424 < 1 → Ok
5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3
nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc
Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 48.6 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001)
= 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 48.6 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.297 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 48.6 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 29.5 32.51 0
M.L (kN.m) 4.93 5.64 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 29.5 + 0.25 * 4.93 = 30.73 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 32.51 + 0.25 * 5.64 = 33.92 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 32.51 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 32.51)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1669.67 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 33.92 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 33.92)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
 = 1582.24 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 38.15 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 38.15)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1408 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.8 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1669.67 * 10^6] = 1.74 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.84 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1582.24 * 10^6] = 1.91
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.94 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1408 * 10^6] = 2.42
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 2.42 - 1.74 = 0.68 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4400 / 360 = 12.22 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.68] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 1.91 = 3.33 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 3.33 + 0.68 = 4.01 mm

(Total deflection = 4.01 mm) < (l / 240 = 18.33 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 79
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B106
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.7 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 78.22 99.85 86.12
Shear Forces kN 70.63 59.42 81.22

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 394.38 = 512.69 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 512.69 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 512.69 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.681 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 70.63 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 70.63 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(70.63 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) = 0.03
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement
(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.432 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 4.98 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 525.5 , 1.4 * 200 * 525.5 / 420]
= larger of [306.48 mm^2 , 350.33 mm^2]
= 350.33 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 350.33 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.869 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 59.42 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 59.42 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.363 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 59.42 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 435.99 = 566.79 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 566.79 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 566.79 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.749 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam
∵ (Vu = 81.22 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 81.22 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(81.22 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.094 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.497 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 15.57 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 62.79 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 7.47 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 62.79 + 0.25 * 7.47 = 64.66 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
 = 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 62.79 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 62.79)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1115.51 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 64.66 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 64.66)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1107.84 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 70.26 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 70.26)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1088.86 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.89 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1115.51 * 10^6] = 6.11 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.95 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1107.84 * 10^6] = 6.33
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2.11 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1088.86 * 10^6] =
6.99 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 6.99 - 6.11 = 0.88 mm
(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4700 / 360 = 13.06 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.88] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 6.33 = 11.05 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 11.05 + 0.88 = 11.92 mm

(Total deflection = 11.92 mm) < (l / 240 = 19.58 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 8
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B100
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 2.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 -7.46
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 17.04 18.72 14.42
Shear Forces kN 27.22 28.51 32.53

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 83.37 = 108.38 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 108.38 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 108.38 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.277 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok
5.1.4 Check for Shear
---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 27.22 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 27.22 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.176 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 27.22 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm
s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 91.66 = 119.16 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 119.16 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 119.16 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.304 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 28.51 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 28.51 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.185 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 28.51 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
 = 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 70.47 = 91.61 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 91.61 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 91.61 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.234 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 36.34 = 47.24 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 47.24 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 47.24 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.121 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 32.53 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 32.53 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.211 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 32.53 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 11.33 4.75
M.L (kN.m) 0 1.78 0.5

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 11.33 + 0.25 * 1.78 = 11.78 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 4.75 + 0.25 * 0.5 = 4.88 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4
→ Determine the effective moment of inertia
Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 11.33 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 11.78 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 13.11 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.12 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.12 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.12 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.12 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.13 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.13
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.13 - 0.12 = 0.02 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2600 / 360 = 7.22 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.02] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.12 = 0.21 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.21 + 0.02 = 0.23 mm

(Total deflection = 0.23 mm) < (l / 240 = 10.83 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 80
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B107
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B6
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa
3. Beam Geometry and Properties
===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 5 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 -11.02 -106.79
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 69.5 81.75 28.27
Shear Forces kN 65.83 97.5 126.91

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@120

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 348.86 = 453.51 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 453.51 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 453.51 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.605 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 65.83 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 65.83 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(65.83 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.001 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 120 = 0.838 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.838 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 184.9 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (184.9 + 87.53) = 204.32 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 204.32 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.322 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 0.18 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 120 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@120

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 412.93 = 536.81 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 536.81 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 536.81 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.711 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 53.77 = 69.9 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 69.9 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 69.9 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.096 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN
∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 97.5 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001)
= 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 97.5 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(97.5 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) = 0.192
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.192 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 120 = 0.838 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.838 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 184.9 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (184.9 + 87.53) = 204.32 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 204.32 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.477 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 31.85 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 120 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@120
5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 139.05 = 180.77 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 180.77 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 180.77 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.246 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 546.59 = 710.56 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 710.56 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 710.56 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -177.85 = -160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.667 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

 = min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 126.91 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 126.91 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(126.91 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.4
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.4 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 120 = 0.838 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.838 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 178.04 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (178.04 + 84.28) = 196.74 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 196.74 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.645 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 63.7 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 120 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 50.55 66.79
M.L (kN.m) 0 6.86 8.3

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 50.55 + 0.25 * 6.86 = 52.26 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 66.79 + 0.25 * 8.3 = 68.87 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.885 * 74.5 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.037 =
134.45 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (134.45)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 134.45)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (134.45 -
74.5)^2 = 996.94 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 50.55 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 996.94 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 50.55)^2 (1 - (996.94 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1196.92 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 52.26 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 996.94 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 52.26)^2 (1 - (996.94 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1181.62 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 57.41 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

 → (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 996.94 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 57.41)^2 (1 - (996.94 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1145.3 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.49 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1196.92 * 10^6] = 4.5 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.54 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1181.62 * 10^6] = 4.71
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.69 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1145.3 * 10^6] = 5.32
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 5.32 - 4.5 = 0.83 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 5000 / 360 = 13.89 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.83] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.006

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.006] = 1.55

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.55 * 4.71 = 7.28 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 7.28 + 0.83 = 8.11 mm

(Total deflection = 8.11 mm) < (l / 240 = 20.83 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 81
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B110
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B9
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 700 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 130.76 170.66 151.31
Shear Forces kN 116.02 105.03 121.59

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 561.48 = 729.92 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 729.92 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 729.92 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.671 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 116.02 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 *
0.001) = 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 116.02 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(116.02 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) =
0.211 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.211 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement
(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.676 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 40.32 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
 567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 606 , 1.4 * 200 * 606 / 420]
= larger of [353.43 mm^2 , 404 mm^2]
= 404 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 404 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.875 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 105.03 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 *
0.001) = 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate
→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 105.03 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(105.03 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) =
0.154 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.612 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 29.33 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 654.82 = 851.27 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 851.27 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 851.27 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.776 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 121.59 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 *
0.001) = 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 121.59 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(121.59 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) = 0.24
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.24 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.708 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 45.89 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 108.34 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 11.86 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 108.34 + 0.25 * 11.86 = 111.3 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel
λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 700 / 2 = 350 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 700^3 / 12 = 5716.67 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 606 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 606) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
177.44 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (177.44)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (606 - 177.44)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (177.44 -
55)^2 = 1881.43 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 5716.67 * 10^6 / 350] * 10^-6 = 49.61 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 108.34 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 108.34)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 2006.91 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 111.3 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 111.3)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 1999.9 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 120.2 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 120.2)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 1982.11 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.99 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [2006.91 * 10^6] = 5.66 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 2.04 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [1999.9 * 10^6] =
5.83 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2.19 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [1982.11 * 10^6] =
6.33 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 6.33 - 5.66 = 0.67 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4600 / 360 = 12.78 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.67] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 606) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.77

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.77 * 5.83 = 10.35 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 10.35 + 0.67 = 11.01 mm

(Total deflection = 11.01 mm) < (l / 240 = 19.17 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 82
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B111
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B9
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 700 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 141.52 184.82 164.96
 Shear Forces kN 125.48 113.87 127.68

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 610.16 = 793.21 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 793.21 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 793.21 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.726 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 125.48 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 *
0.001) = 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 125.48 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(125.48 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) =
0.261 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.261 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.731 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 49.78 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 606 , 1.4 * 200 * 606 / 420]
= larger of [353.43 mm^2 , 404 mm^2]
= 404 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 404 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.948 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 113.87 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 *
0.001) = 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 113.87 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(113.87 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) = 0.2
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m
 → (Av/s).required = 0.2 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.663 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 38.17 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 606 , 1.4 * 200 * 606 / 420]
= larger of [353.43 mm^2 , 404 mm^2]
= 404 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 404 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.846 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 127.68 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 *
0.001) = 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 127.68 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(127.68 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) =
0.272 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.272 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.744 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 51.98 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 117.18 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 12.98 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 117.18 + 0.25 * 12.98 = 120.43 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 700 / 2 = 350 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 700^3 / 12 = 5716.67 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 606 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 606) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
177.44 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (177.44)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (606 - 177.44)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (177.44 -
55)^2 = 1881.43 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 5716.67 * 10^6 / 350] * 10^-6 = 49.61 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 117.18 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 117.18)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 1987.66 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 120.43 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 120.43)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 1981.72 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 130.16 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 130.16)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 1966.62 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 2.18 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [1987.66 * 10^6] = 6.27 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 2.24 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [1981.72 * 10^6] =
6.46 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2.41 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [1966.62 * 10^6] =
7.01 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 7.01 - 6.27 = 0.74 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4600 / 360 = 12.78 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.74] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 606) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.77

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.77 * 6.46 = 11.46 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 11.46 + 0.74 = 12.2 mm

(Total deflection = 12.2 mm) < (l / 240 = 19.17 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 83
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B117
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.5 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 65.06 79.82 63.06
Shear Forces kN 56.06 50.79 71.32

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
 ● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 325.84 = 423.59 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 423.59 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 423.59 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.566 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok
5.1.4 Check for Shear
---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 56.06 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 56.06 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.343 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 56.06 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 402.78 = 523.61 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 523.61 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 523.61 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.694 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 50.79 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 50.79 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.311 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 50.79 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
 = min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 315.5 = 410.15 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 410.15 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 410.15 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.549 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 71.32 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 71.32 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(71.32 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.034 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.436 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 5.67 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 47.84 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 8.03 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 47.84 + 0.25 * 8.03 = 49.85 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm
Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2
= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 47.84 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 47.84)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1222.94 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 49.85 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 49.85)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1201.18 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 55.87 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 55.87)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1152.36 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.36 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1222.94 * 10^6] = 4 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.41 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1201.18 * 10^6] = 4.24
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.59 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1152.36 * 10^6] =
4.95 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 4.95 - 4 = 0.96 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4500 / 360 = 12.5 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.96] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 4.24 = 7.4 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 7.4 + 0.96 = 8.35 mm

(Total deflection = 8.35 mm) < (l / 240 = 18.75 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 84
**************************************************************************************
1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B118
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 2.7 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 -65.72 -102.32
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 7.49 7.49 0
Shear Forces kN 21.14 95.55 104.11

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 36.48 = 47.43 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 47.43 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 47.43 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.122 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
 = 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 21.14 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 21.14 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.142 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 21.14 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 36.48 = 47.43 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 47.43 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 47.43 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.122 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 329.25 = 428.03 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 428.03 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 428.03 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.572 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2
Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)
= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 95.55 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 95.55 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(95.55 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.181 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.181 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.642 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 29.9 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
 2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok
5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 525.5 , 1.4 * 200 * 525.5 / 420]
= larger of [306.48 mm^2 , 350.33 mm^2]
= 350.33 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 350.33 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.89 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 104.11 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 104.11 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(104.11 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.232 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.232 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.699 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 38.46 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok
∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 4.54 65.14
M.L (kN.m) 0 0.77 6.95

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 4.54 + 0.25 * 0.77 = 4.73 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 65.14 + 0.25 * 6.95 = 66.88 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 1.77
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 1.77 * 74.5 / 545) + (1 + 1.77)^2) - (1 + 1.77)] / 0.075 = 102.51
mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (102.51)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 102.51)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (102.51 -
74.5)^2 = 599.15 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 4.54 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 4.73 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)
M.[D+L](+) = 5.31 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m
→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0 - 0 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2700 / 360 = 7.5 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (200 * 545) = 0.006

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.006] = 1.56

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.56 * 0 = 0 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0 + 0 = 0 mm

(Total deflection = 0 mm) < (l / 240 = 11.25 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 85
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B121
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 2.3 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 26.7 26.7 23.97
Shear Forces kN 48.45 36.26 36.26

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 131.23 = 170.6 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 170.6 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 170.6 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.434 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 48.45 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 48.45 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.314 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 48.45 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 131.23 = 170.6 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 170.6 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 170.6 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.434 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 36.26 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 36.26 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.235 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 36.26 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 117.66 = 152.96 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 152.96 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 152.96 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.389 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 36.26 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 36.26 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement
(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.235 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 36.26 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 13.06 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 5.26 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 13.06 + 0.25 * 5.26 = 14.38 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 13.06 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 14.38 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 18.32 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.07 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.07 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.08 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.08 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.11 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.11
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.11 - 0.07 = 0.03 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2300 / 360 = 6.39 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.03] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.08 = 0.14 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.14 + 0.03 = 0.18 mm

(Total deflection = 0.18 mm) < (l / 240 = 9.58 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 86
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B122
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B13
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 3.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 300 mm
Beam Depth 800 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -62.42 -7.37 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 17.89 41.79 40.5
Shear Forces kN 83.28 67.23 48.39

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 63.71 = 82.83 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 82.83 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 82.83 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 187.21 = 168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.106 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 223.96 = 291.15 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 291.15 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 291.15 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -187.21 = -168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.37 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 300* 800 = 240000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 240000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 186.14 kN
= max of [186.14 , 0] → Vc = 186.14 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 459.87 kN

∵ (Vc = 186.14 kN) < (Vc.max = 459.87 kN) → Vc = 186.14 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 83.28 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (186.14 + 0.66 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001)
= 681.59 kN) 22.5.1.2
 → The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 83.28 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 300 / 420 , 0.35 * 300 / 420]
= greater of [0.217 , 0.25]
= 0.25 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.25 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 745 * 0.001 = 157.28 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (157.28 + 186.14) = 257.56 kN , 681.59 kN]
= 257.56 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.323 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 83.28 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 745 / 2 = 372.5 mm]
= 372.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 745 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (300 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 212 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 212 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 372.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 149.43 = 194.25 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 194.25 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 194.25 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 187.21 = 168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.248 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 26.2 = 34.06 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 34.06 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 34.06 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -187.21 = -168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.044 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 300* 800 = 240000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 240000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 186.14 kN
= max of [186.14 , 0] → Vc = 186.14 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 459.87 kN
∵ (Vc = 186.14 kN) < (Vc.max = 459.87 kN) → Vc = 186.14 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 67.23 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (186.14 + 0.66 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001)
= 681.59 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 67.23 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 300 / 420 , 0.35 * 300 / 420]
= greater of [0.217 , 0.25]
= 0.25 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.25 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 745 * 0.001 = 157.28 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (157.28 + 186.14) = 257.56 kN , 681.59 kN]
= 257.56 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.261 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 67.23 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 745 / 2 = 372.5 mm]
= 372.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 745 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (300 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 212 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 212 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 372.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 4 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 144.78 = 188.22 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 188.22 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 188.22 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 187.21 = 168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.24 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 49.72 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
 = 0.85 * 49.72 = 42.26 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 42.26 * 300 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
745 -0.041956 -420 -258.62

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 187.21 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 745 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.042

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.042) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 187.21 = 168.49 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 300* 800 = 240000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 240000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 186.14 kN
= max of [186.14 , 0] → Vc = 186.14 kN
Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001 = 459.87 kN

∵ (Vc = 186.14 kN) < (Vc.max = 459.87 kN) → Vc = 186.14 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 48.39 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (186.14 + 0.66 * √24 * 300 * 745 * 0.001)
= 681.59 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 48.39 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 300 / 420 , 0.35 * 300 / 420]
= greater of [0.217 , 0.25]
= 0.25 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.25 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 745 * 0.001 = 157.28 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (157.28 + 186.14) = 257.56 kN , 681.59 kN]
= 257.56 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.188 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 48.39 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 186.14 = 139.6 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 745 / 2 = 372.5 mm]
= 372.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 745 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (300 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 212 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 212 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 372.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 43.72 23.09 0
M.L (kN.m) 0.76 5.91 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 43.72 + 0.25 * 0.76 = 43.91 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 23.09 + 0.25 * 5.91 = 24.57 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 800 / 2 = 400 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 300 * 800^3 / 12 = 12800 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 300 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.056 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.056 * 745 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 745) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.056 =
137.95 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 300 * (137.95)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (745 - 137.95)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (137.95 -
55)^2 = 2266.09 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 12800 * 10^6 / 400] * 10^-6 = 97.2 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 23.09 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 64.8 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =12800000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 24.57 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 64.8 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =12800000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 29 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 64.8 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =12800000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.12 * [12800 * 10^6] / [12800 * 10^6] = 0.12 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.13 * [12800 * 10^6] / [12800 * 10^6] = 0.13
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.16 * [12800 * 10^6] / [12800 * 10^6] = 0.16
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.16 - 0.12 = 0.04 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3800 / 360 = 10.56 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.04] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (300 * 745) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.76

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.76 * 0.13 = 0.23 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.23 + 0.04 = 0.26 mm

(Total deflection = 0.26 mm) < (l / 240 = 15.83 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 87
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B127
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.9 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 66.87 86.72 78.7
Shear Forces kN 55.86 50.67 71.87

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 335.21 = 435.77 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 435.77 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 435.77 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.582 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 55.86 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 55.86 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.342 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 55.86 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok
∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 439.16 = 570.91 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 570.91 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 570.91 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.754 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 50.67 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 50.67 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.31 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 50.67 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
 = 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 396.9 = 515.97 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 515.97 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 515.97 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.685 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 71.87 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 71.87 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(71.87 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.038 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
 = 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.439 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 6.22 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 51.72 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 8.94 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 51.72 + 0.25 * 8.94 = 53.96 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm
Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2
= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 51.72 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 51.72)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1183.7 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 53.96 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 53.96)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1165.72 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 60.66 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 60.66)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1125.29 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.7 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1183.7 * 10^6] = 5.18 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.78 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1165.72 * 10^6] = 5.49
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1125.29 * 10^6] = 6.39
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 6.39 - 5.18 = 1.21 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4900 / 360 = 13.61 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 1.21] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 5.49 = 9.58 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 9.58 + 1.21 = 10.79 mm

(Total deflection = 10.79 mm) < (l / 240 = 20.42 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 88
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B128
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 4.9 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 -97.08
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 63.94 76.75 41.37
Shear Forces kN 53.2 74.91 118.58

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 320.05 = 416.06 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 416.06 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 416.06 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.556 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN
∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 53.2 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001)
= 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 53.2 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.325 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 53.2 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 386.68 = 502.68 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 502.68 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 502.68 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.668 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2
Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)
= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 74.91 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 74.91 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(74.91 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.056 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.458 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 9.26 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
 ● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 204.78 = 266.21 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 266.21 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 266.21 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.36 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 525.5 , 1.4 * 200 * 525.5 / 420]
= larger of [306.48 mm^2 , 350.33 mm^2]
= 350.33 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 350.33 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.845 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 118.58 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 118.58 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(118.58 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.32 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.32 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.725 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 52.93 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 45.37 58.45
M.L (kN.m) 0 8.27 9.53

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 45.37 + 0.25 * 8.27 = 47.44 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 58.45 + 0.25 * 9.53 = 60.83 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 45.37 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 45.37)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1255.17 * 10^6 mm^4
M.[sus](+) = 47.44 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m
→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 47.44)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1227.74 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 53.64 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 53.64)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1168.09 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.22 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1255.17 * 10^6] = 3.49 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.28 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1227.74 * 10^6] = 3.75
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.46 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1168.09 * 10^6] =
4.49 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 4.49 - 3.49 = 0.99 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4900 / 360 = 13.61 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.99] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 3.75 = 6.53 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 6.53 + 0.99 = 7.53 mm

(Total deflection = 7.53 mm) < (l / 240 = 20.42 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 89
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B129
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa
3. Beam Geometry and Properties
===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.3 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 54.75 69.31 57.49
Shear Forces kN 69.43 44.81 64.78

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 272.79 = 354.63 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 354.63 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 354.63 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.476 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 69.43 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 69.43 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(69.43 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.023 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

 = greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.425 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 3.78 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 347.87 = 452.23 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 452.23 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 452.23 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.603 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 44.81 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
 → The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 44.81 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.274 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 44.81 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 286.83 = 372.88 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 372.88 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 372.88 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.5 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
 = 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 64.78 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 64.78 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.396 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 64.78 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 46.51 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 2.91 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 46.51 + 0.25 * 2.91 = 47.24 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 46.51 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 46.51)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1239.45 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 47.24 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 47.24)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1230.19 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 49.42 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 49.42)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1205.53 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.19 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1239.45 * 10^6] = 3.46 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.21 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1230.19 * 10^6] = 3.54
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.26 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1205.53 * 10^6] =
3.77 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 3.77 - 3.46 = 0.32 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4300 / 360 = 11.94 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.32] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 3.54 = 6.17 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 6.17 + 0.32 = 6.49 mm

(Total deflection = 6.49 mm) < (l / 240 = 17.92 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 9
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B103
Beam Story GROUND
Beam Mark B2
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Both continuous
Beam Clear Span 2.2 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -9.13 -32.16 -48.24
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 0 0 0
Shear Forces kN 14.2 40.24 44.41
5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 44.51 = 57.86 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 57.86 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 57.86 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.079 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 14.2 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001)
= 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 14.2 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.095 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 14.2 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 158.48 = 206.03 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 206.03 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 206.03 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.522 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 40.24 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 40.24 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.261 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 40.24 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 239.58 = 311.46 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 311.46 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 311.46 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.42 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 44.41 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 44.41 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm
Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN
φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.298 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 44.41 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 5.75 0 28.92
M.L (kN.m) 0.68 0 4.84

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 5.75 + 0.25 * 0.68 = 5.92 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 28.92 + 0.25 * 4.84 = 30.13 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
 = [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 0 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 0 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 0 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0 - 0 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2200 / 360 = 6.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0 = 0 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0 + 0 = 0 mm

(Total deflection = 0 mm) < (l / 240 = 9.17 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 90
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B130
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Both continuous
Beam Clear Span 2.3 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -23.51 -23.42 -36.65
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 1.19 3.07 0
Shear Forces kN 51.88 49.99 55.82

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
 545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 5.78 = 7.51 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 7.51 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 7.51 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.019 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 115.38 = 149.99 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 149.99 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 149.99 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.382 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 51.88 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.88 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
 → Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.336 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.88 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 14.92 = 19.4 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 19.4 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 19.4 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.05 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 114.93 = 149.41 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 149.41 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 149.41 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.38 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 49.99 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 49.99 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.324 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 49.99 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 181 = 235.3 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 235.3 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 235.3 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.595 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN
∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 55.82 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 55.82 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.362 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 55.82 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 13.77 1.7 24.69
M.L (kN.m) 2.65 0.43 1.3

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 13.77 + 0.25 * 2.65 = 14.43 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 1.7 + 0.25 * 0.43 = 1.81 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 24.69 + 0.25 * 1.3 = 25.02 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 1.7 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 1.81 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 2.13 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0 - 0 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2300 / 360 = 6.39 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
 = 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0 = 0 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0 + 0 = 0 mm

(Total deflection = 0 mm) < (l / 240 = 9.58 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 91
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B131
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B9
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 5.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 700 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 114.47 138.08 113.7
Shear Forces kN 95.34 60.76 98.6

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
 1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 488.55 = 635.12 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 635.12 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 635.12 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.587 < 1 → Ok
5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3
nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc
Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 95.34 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001)
= 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 95.34 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(95.34 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) = 0.103
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.555 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 19.64 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE
*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 594.55 = 772.92 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 772.92 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 772.92 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.708 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 60.76 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001)
= 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 60.76 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.354 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 60.76 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.014298 -420 -129.31
606 -0.013252 -420 -129.31
567 -0.012207 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 216.64 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 606 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 485.13 = 630.67 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 630.67 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 630.67 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0143

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0143) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 216.64 = 194.98 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.583 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
645 -0.048895 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 81.36 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 645 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0489

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0489) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 81.36 = 73.22 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 700 = 140000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 140000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 100.94 kN
= max of [100.94 , 0] → Vc = 100.94 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001 = 249.38 kN

∵ (Vc = 100.94 kN) < (Vc.max = 249.38 kN) → Vc = 100.94 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 98.6 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (100.94 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 606 * 0.001)
= 369.61 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 98.6 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 100.94 = 75.7 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(98.6 - 0.75 * 100.94) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 606) = 0.12
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 606 * 0.001 = 127.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (127.94 + 100.94) = 171.66 kN , 369.61 kN]
= 171.66 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.574 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 22.9 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 146.95 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 606 / 2 = 303 mm]
= 303 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 606 mm]
= 600 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 600 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 303 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 82.85 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 13.81 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 82.85 + 0.25 * 13.81 = 86.3 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 700 / 2 = 350 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 700^3 / 12 = 5716.67 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 606 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 606) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
177.44 mm
Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2
= 200 * (177.44)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (606 - 177.44)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (177.44 -
55)^2 = 1881.43 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 5716.67 * 10^6 / 350] * 10^-6 = 49.61 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 82.85 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 82.85)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 2106.66 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 86.3 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 86.3)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 2087.07 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 96.66 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 33.07 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1881.43 * 10^6 / [1 - (33.07 / 96.66)^2 (1 - (1881.43 * 10^6) /
(5716.67 * 10^6))]
= 2041.81 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 2.41 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [2106.66 * 10^6] = 6.54 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 2.51 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [2087.07 * 10^6] =
6.88 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2.81 * [5716.67 * 10^6] / [2041.81 * 10^6] =
7.88 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 7.88 - 6.54 = 1.33 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 5800 / 360 = 16.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 1.33] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 606) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.77

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.77 * 6.88 = 12.21 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 12.21 + 1.33 = 13.55 mm

(Total deflection = 13.55 mm) < (l / 240 = 24.17 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 92
**************************************************************************************
1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B132
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 3.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 76.41 84.51 76.66
Shear Forces kN 90.15 56.15 88.22

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 384.9 = 500.36 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 500.36 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 500.36 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.665 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
 = 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 90.15 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 90.15 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(90.15 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.148 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.551 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 24.5 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170
5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 427.48 = 555.73 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 555.73 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 555.73 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.735 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
 = 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 56.15 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 56.15 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.343 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 56.15 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
 ● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 386.2 = 502.07 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 502.07 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 502.07 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.667 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3
nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc
Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 88.22 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 88.22 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(88.22 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.136 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.539 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 22.57 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection
=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 56.01 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 3.8 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 56.01 + 0.25 * 3.8 = 56.96 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 56.01 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 56.01)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1151.45 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 56.96 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
 = 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 56.96)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1145.47 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 59.81 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 59.81)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1129.53 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.98 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1151.45 * 10^6] = 3.07 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1145.47 * 10^6] = 3.14 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.05 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1129.53 * 10^6] =
3.35 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 3.35 - 3.07 = 0.27 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3600 / 360 = 10 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.27] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 3.14 = 5.48 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 5.48 + 0.27 = 5.75 mm

(Total deflection = 5.75 mm) < (l / 240 = 15 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 93
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B133
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Both continuous
Beam Clear Span 3.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -83.98 0 -89.81
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 43.52 59.33 41.45
Shear Forces kN 140.27 97.6 139.53

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 215.64 = 280.34 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 280.34 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 280.34 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.379 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 424.68 = 552.09 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 552.09 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 552.09 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.731 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 140.27 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 140.27 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(140.27 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.451 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
 = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.451 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.858 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 74.62 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 296.29 = 385.17 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 385.17 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 385.17 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.516 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 97.6 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001)
= 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate
→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 97.6 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(97.6 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) = 0.193
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.193 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.597 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 31.95 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 205.18 = 266.73 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 266.73 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 266.73 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.361 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 455.55 = 592.21 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 592.21 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 592.21 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.781 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 139.53 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 139.53 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(139.53 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.446 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.446 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.853 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 73.88 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 52.6 40.66 57.53
M.L (kN.m) 6.46 1.5 5.79

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 52.6 + 0.25 * 6.46 = 54.22 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 40.66 + 0.25 * 1.5 = 41.04 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 57.53 + 0.25 * 5.79 = 58.98 kN.m
→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel
λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 40.66 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 40.66)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1341.29 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 41.04 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 41.04)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1332.84 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 42.16 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 42.16)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1309.39 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.49 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1341.29 * 10^6] = 1.32 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.49 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1332.84 * 10^6] = 1.33
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.49 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1309.39 * 10^6] =
1.36 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 1.36 - 1.32 = 0.03 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3600 / 360 = 10 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.03] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 1.33 = 2.33 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 2.33 + 0.03 = 2.36 mm

(Total deflection = 2.36 mm) < (l / 240 = 15 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 94
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B134
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 76.96 102.24 76.77
 Shear Forces kN 93.04 58.86 93.58

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 387.78 = 504.11 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 504.11 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 504.11 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.67 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 93.04 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 93.04 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(93.04 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.165 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.569 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 27.39 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 525.5 , 1.4 * 200 * 525.5 / 420]
= larger of [306.48 mm^2 , 350.33 mm^2]
= 350.33 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 350.33 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.89 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 58.86 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 58.86 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm
Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN
φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.36 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 58.86 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 386.78 = 502.81 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 502.81 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 502.81 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.668 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 93.58 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 93.58 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(93.58 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.169 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

 = greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.169 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.572 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 27.93 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 63.9 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 7.99 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 63.9 + 0.25 * 7.99 = 65.9 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 63.9 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 63.9)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1110.86 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 65.9 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 65.9)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1103.16 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 71.89 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 71.89)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1084.26 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 2.01 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1110.86 * 10^6] = 6.52 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 2.07 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1103.16 * 10^6] = 6.77
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2.26 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1084.26 * 10^6] =
7.51 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 7.51 - 6.52 = 0.99 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4800 / 360 = 13.33 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.99] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74
The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 6.77 = 11.81 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 11.81 + 0.99 = 12.8 mm

(Total deflection = 12.8 mm) < (l / 240 = 20 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 95
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B135
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B6
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 4.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -127.23 -14.39 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 36.71 99.79 81.41
Shear Forces kN 171.65 128.69 111.04

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
 1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@120

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 181.3 = 235.69 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 235.69 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 235.69 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.319 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 658.55 = 856.11 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 856.11 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 856.11 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -177.85 = -160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.795 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3
nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc
Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 171.65 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 171.65 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(171.65 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.68
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.68 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 120 = 0.838 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.838 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 178.04 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (178.04 + 84.28) = 196.74 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 196.74 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.872 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 108.44 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 120 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE
*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@120

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 525.5 , 1.4 * 200 * 525.5 / 420]
= larger of [306.48 mm^2 , 350.33 mm^2]
= 350.33 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 350.33 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.868 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 70.32 = 91.41 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 91.41 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 91.41 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.125 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 128.69 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 128.69 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(128.69 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.381 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.381 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 120 = 0.838 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.838 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 184.9 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (184.9 + 87.53) = 204.32 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 204.32 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.63 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 63.04 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 120 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@120

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 411.14 = 534.48 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 534.48 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 534.48 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.708 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 111.04 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 111.04 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(111.04 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.274 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.274 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

 (Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 120 = 0.838 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.838 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 184.9 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (184.9 + 87.53) = 204.32 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 204.32 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.543 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 45.39 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 120 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 77.87 58.93 0
M.L (kN.m) 11.39 10.81 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 77.87 + 0.25 * 11.39 = 80.72 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 58.93 + 0.25 * 10.81 = 61.63 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.885 * 74.5 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.037 =
134.45 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (134.45)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 134.45)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (134.45 -
74.5)^2 = 996.94 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 58.93 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 996.94 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 58.93)^2 (1 - (996.94 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1136.69 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 61.63 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 996.94 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 61.63)^2 (1 - (996.94 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1123.18 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 69.74 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 996.94 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 69.74)^2 (1 - (996.94 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1092.88 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.63 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1136.69 * 10^6] = 5.18 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.71 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1123.18 * 10^6] = 5.48
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.94 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1092.88 * 10^6] =
6.39 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 6.39 - 5.18 = 1.21 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4800 / 360 = 13.33 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 1.21] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.006

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.006] = 1.55

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.55 * 5.48 = 8.48 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 8.48 + 1.21 = 9.69 mm

(Total deflection = 9.69 mm) < (l / 240 = 20 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 96
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B136
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B6
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Both continuous
Beam Clear Span 3.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -59.45 0 -98.13
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 53.67 67.23 44.06
Shear Forces kN 119.59 105.71 148.98

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@120

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 267.27 = 347.45 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 347.45 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 347.45 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.467 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 296.9 = 385.97 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 385.97 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 385.97 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -177.85 = -160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.371 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2
Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)
= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 119.59 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 119.59 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(119.59 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.354
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.354 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 120 = 0.838 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.838 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 178.04 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (178.04 + 84.28) = 196.74 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 196.74 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.608 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 56.38 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 120 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
 2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@120

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 337.07 = 438.2 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 438.2 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 438.2 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m
Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.585 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 105.71 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 105.71 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(105.71 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.242 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.242 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 120 = 0.838 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.838 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 184.9 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (184.9 + 87.53) = 204.32 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 204.32 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.517 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 40.06 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok
∵ [s = 120 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@120

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 218.38 = 283.89 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 283.89 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 283.89 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.383 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 499.94 = 649.92 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 649.92 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 649.92 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -177.85 = -160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.613 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 148.98 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 148.98 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(148.98 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.538
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.538 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 120 = 0.838 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.838 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 178.04 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (178.04 + 84.28) = 196.74 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 196.74 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.757 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 85.77 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 120 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 37.1 41.71 60.25
M.L (kN.m) 4.69 5.52 8.62

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 37.1 + 0.25 * 4.69 = 38.27 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 41.71 + 0.25 * 5.52 = 43.09 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 60.25 + 0.25 * 8.62 = 62.4 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.885 * 74.5 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.037 =
134.45 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (134.45)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 134.45)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (134.45 -
74.5)^2 = 996.94 * 10^6 mm^4
→ Determine the effective moment of inertia
Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 41.71 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 996.94 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 41.71)^2 (1 - (996.94 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1321.16 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 43.09 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 996.94 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 43.09)^2 (1 - (996.94 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1294.62 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 47.23 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 996.94 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 47.23)^2 (1 - (996.94 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1232.91 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.55 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1321.16 * 10^6] = 1.51 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.57 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1294.62 * 10^6] = 1.58
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.61 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1232.91 * 10^6] =
1.78 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 1.78 - 1.51 = 0.27 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3600 / 360 = 10 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.27] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.006

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.006] = 1.55

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.55 * 1.58 = 2.44 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 2.44 + 0.27 = 2.71 mm

(Total deflection = 2.71 mm) < (l / 240 = 15 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 97
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B137
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 3.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 79.29 87.29 78.79
Shear Forces kN 91.26 58.21 92.77

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 399.99 = 519.99 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 519.99 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 519.99 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.69 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam
∵ (Vu = 91.26 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 91.26 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(91.26 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.155 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.558 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 25.61 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 442.18 = 574.84 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 574.84 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 574.84 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.759 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
 = max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 58.21 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 58.21 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.356 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 58.21 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
 2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 397.37 = 516.58 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 516.58 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 516.58 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.685 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2
Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2
= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 92.77 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 92.77 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(92.77 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.164 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.567 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 27.12 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
 Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 57.81 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 3.97 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 57.81 + 0.25 * 3.97 = 58.8 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 57.81 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 57.81)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1140.42 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 58.8 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 58.8)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1134.86 * 10^6 mm^4
M.[D+L](+) = 61.78 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m
→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 61.78)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1120 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.01 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1140.42 * 10^6] = 3.2 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.03 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1134.86 * 10^6] = 3.27
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.08 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1120 * 10^6] = 3.47
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 3.47 - 3.2 = 0.26 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3600 / 360 = 10 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.26] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 3.27 = 5.7 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 5.7 + 0.26 = 5.96 mm

(Total deflection = 5.96 mm) < (l / 240 = 15 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 98
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B138
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B8
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 4.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -132.32 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 76.09 117.62 112.25
Shear Forces kN 179.37 117.78 153.49

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@110

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 383.22 = 498.19 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 498.19 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 498.19 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.475 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 686.85 = 892.91 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 892.91 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 892.91 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -177.85 = -160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.827 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 179.37 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 179.37 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(179.37 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.729
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
 = greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.729 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 110 = 0.914 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.914 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 194.23 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (194.23 + 84.28) = 208.88 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 208.88 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.859 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 116.16 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 110 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@110

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 605.58 = 787.25 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 787.25 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 787.25 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.735 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
 545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam
∵ (Vu = 117.78 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 117.78 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(117.78 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.342
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.342 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 110 = 0.914 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.914 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 194.23 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (194.23 + 84.28) = 208.88 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 208.88 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.564 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 54.57 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 110 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@110

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 576.24 = 749.11 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 749.11 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 749.11 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.701 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
 = 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 153.49 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 153.49 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(153.49 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.566
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.566 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 110 = 0.914 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.914 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 194.23 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (194.23 + 84.28) = 208.88 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 208.88 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.735 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 90.28 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 110 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 82.33 71.44 0
M.L (kN.m) 10.66 11.25 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 82.33 + 0.25 * 10.66 = 85 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 71.44 + 0.25 * 11.25 = 74.25 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.59
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 506 * (1 + 0.59 * 74.5 / 506) + (1 + 0.59)^2) - (1 + 0.59)] / 0.025 = 155.74
mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (155.74)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (506 - 155.74)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (155.74 -
74.5)^2 = 1267.33 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 71.44 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1267.33 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 71.44)^2 (1 - (1267.33 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1370.03 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 74.25 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1267.33 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 74.25)^2 (1 - (1267.33 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1361.83 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 82.69 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1267.33 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 82.69)^2 (1 - (1267.33 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1342.44 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 2.02 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1370.03 * 10^6] = 5.32 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 2.11 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1361.83 * 10^6] = 5.57
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2.35 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1342.44 * 10^6] =
6.31 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 6.31 - 5.32 = 0.99 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4800 / 360 = 13.33 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.99] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (200 * 506) = 0.006

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.006] = 1.53

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.53 * 5.57 = 8.53 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 8.53 + 0.99 = 9.53 mm

(Total deflection = 9.53 mm) < (l / 240 = 20 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 99
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B139
Beam Story 1st
Beam Mark B4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 3.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm
4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 58.56 66.86 57.63
Shear Forces kN 71.23 46.4 71.73

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 292.33 = 380.03 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 380.03 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 380.03 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.509 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 71.23 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 71.23 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(71.23 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.034 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.436 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 5.58 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 335.16 = 435.7 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 435.7 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 435.7 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.582 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 46.4 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001)
= 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 46.4 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m
 → (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.284 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 46.4 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@170

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
 545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 287.55 = 373.82 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 373.82 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 373.82 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.501 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 71.73 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 71.73 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(71.73 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.037 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 170 = 0.591 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.591 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 130.52 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (130.52 + 87.53) = 163.54 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 163.54 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.439 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 6.08 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 170 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 41.92 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 5.11 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 41.92 + 0.25 * 5.11 = 43.2 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 41.92 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 41.92)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1314.17 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 43.2 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 43.2)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1290.02 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 47.03 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 47.03)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1232.77 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.83 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1314.17 * 10^6] = 2.27 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.85 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1290.02 * 10^6] = 2.39
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.93 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1232.77 * 10^6] =
2.72 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 2.72 - 2.27 = 0.45 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3800 / 360 = 10.56 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.45] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3
ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 2.39 = 4.16 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 4.16 + 0.45 = 4.61 mm

(Total deflection = 4.61 mm) < (l / 240 = 15.83 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 189
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B87
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB5
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.5 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 80.12 107.11 80.12
Shear Forces kN 76.95 53.48 76.95

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 404.35 = 525.66 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 525.66 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 525.66 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.501 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2
Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)
= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 76.95 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 76.95 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(76.95 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.086
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.537 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 13.74 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 548.32 = 712.82 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 712.82 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 712.82 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m
Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.669 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 53.48 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 53.48 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.373 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 53.48 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)
********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 404.35 = 525.66 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 525.66 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 525.66 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.501 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 76.95 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 76.95 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(76.95 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.086
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.537 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 13.74 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
 = min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 76.51 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 76.51 + 0.25 * 0 = 76.51 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 506 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 506) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
159.23 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (159.23)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (506 - 159.23)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (159.23 -
55)^2 = 1259.6 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
 = [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 76.51 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 76.51)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1347.99 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 76.51 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 76.51)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1347.99 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 76.51 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 76.51)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1347.99 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 2 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1347.99 * 10^6] = 5.33 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 2 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1347.99 * 10^6] = 5.33 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1347.99 * 10^6] = 5.33
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 5.33 - 5.33 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4500 / 360 = 12.5 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 506) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 5.33 = 9.25 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 9.25 + 0 = 9.25 mm

(Total deflection = 9.25 mm) < (l / 240 = 18.75 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 190
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B88
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB5
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.5 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 80.12 107.11 80.12
Shear Forces kN 76.95 53.48 76.95

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 404.35 = 525.66 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 525.66 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 525.66 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.501 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 76.95 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
 → The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 76.95 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(76.95 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.086
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.537 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 13.74 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 548.32 = 712.82 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 712.82 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 712.82 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.669 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
 = 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN
Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 53.48 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 53.48 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.373 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 53.48 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
 3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 404.35 = 525.66 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 525.66 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 525.66 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.501 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2
Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2
= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 76.95 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 76.95 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(76.95 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.086
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.537 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 13.74 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 76.51 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 76.51 + 0.25 * 0 = 76.51 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 506 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 506) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
159.23 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (159.23)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (506 - 159.23)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (159.23 -
55)^2 = 1259.6 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 76.51 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 76.51)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1347.99 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 76.51 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 76.51)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1347.99 * 10^6 mm^4
M.[D+L](+) = 76.51 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m
→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 76.51)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1347.99 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.99 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1347.99 * 10^6] = 5.32 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.99 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1347.99 * 10^6] = 5.32
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.99 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1347.99 * 10^6] =
5.32 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 5.32 - 5.32 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4500 / 360 = 12.5 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 506) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 5.32 = 9.23 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 9.23 + 0 = 9.23 mm

(Total deflection = 9.23 mm) < (l / 240 = 18.75 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 191
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B90
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB5
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.5 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 108.48 135.76 94.37
Shear Forces kN 103.8 82.28 84.81

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 555.74 = 722.47 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 722.47 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 722.47 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.678 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 103.8 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 103.8 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(103.8 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.255
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m
 → (Av/s).required = 0.255 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.724 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 40.59 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
 545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 706.08 = 917.91 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 917.91 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 917.91 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.848 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 82.28 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate
→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 82.28 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(82.28 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.12
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.574 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 19.07 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 479.83 = 623.78 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 623.78 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 623.78 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.59 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 84.81 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 84.81 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(84.81 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.136
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.592 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 21.6 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 96.97 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 96.97 + 0.25 * 0 = 96.97 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel
λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 506 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 506) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
159.23 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (159.23)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (506 - 159.23)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (159.23 -
55)^2 = 1259.6 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 96.97 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 96.97)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1313.21 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 96.97 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 96.97)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1313.21 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 96.97 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 96.97)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1313.21 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 2.5 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1313.21 * 10^6] = 6.85 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 2.5 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1313.21 * 10^6] = 6.85
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2.5 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1313.21 * 10^6] = 6.85
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 6.85 - 6.85 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4500 / 360 = 12.5 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 506) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 6.85 = 11.89 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 11.89 + 0 = 11.89 mm

(Total deflection = 11.89 mm) < (l / 240 = 18.75 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 192
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B95
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB5
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.5 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 109.28 136.83 94.9
 Shear Forces kN 104.45 82.93 85.18

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 560.09 = 728.11 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 728.11 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 728.11 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.683 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 104.45 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 104.45 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(104.45 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.259
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.259 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.729 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 41.24 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 506 , 1.4 * 200 * 506 / 420]
= larger of [295.11 mm^2 , 337.33 mm^2]
= 337.33 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 337.33 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.855 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 82.93 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 82.93 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(82.93 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.124
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m
 → (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.579 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 19.72 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 482.66 = 627.46 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 627.46 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 627.46 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.593 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 85.18 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate
→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 85.18 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(85.18 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.138
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.594 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 21.97 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 97.74 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 97.74 + 0.25 * 0 = 97.74 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69
→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 506 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 506) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
159.23 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (159.23)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (506 - 159.23)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (159.23 -
55)^2 = 1259.6 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 97.74 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 97.74)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1312.33 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 97.74 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 97.74)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1312.33 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 97.74 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 97.74)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1312.33 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 2.52 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1312.33 * 10^6] = 6.91 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 2.52 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1312.33 * 10^6] = 6.91
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2.52 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1312.33 * 10^6] =
6.91 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 6.91 - 6.91 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4500 / 360 = 12.5 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
 → ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 506) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 6.91 = 12 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 12 + 0 = 12 mm

(Total deflection = 12 mm) < (l / 240 = 18.75 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 193
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B97
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 2.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 -10.85
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 15.98 16.62 12.36
Shear Forces kN 29.74 26.78 38.08

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 78.15 = 101.59 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 101.59 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 101.59 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.259 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3
nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc
Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 29.74 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 29.74 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.193 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 29.74 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE
*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 81.3 = 105.69 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 105.69 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 105.69 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.27 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok
5.2.4 Check for Shear
---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 26.78 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 26.78 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.173 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 26.78 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm
s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 60.34 = 78.44 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 78.44 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 78.44 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.201 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 52.93 = 68.81 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 68.81 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 68.81 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.176 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 38.08 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 38.08 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.247 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 38.08 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
 = 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 11.94 7.62
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0.12

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 11.94 + 0.25 * 0 = 11.94 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 7.62 + 0.25 * 0.12 = 7.65 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m
M.[D](+) = 11.94 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m
→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 11.94 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 11.94 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.12 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.12 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.12 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.12 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.12 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.12
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.12 - 0.12 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2600 / 360 = 7.22 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.12 = 0.21 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.21 + 0 = 0.21 mm

(Total deflection = 0.21 mm) < (l / 240 = 10.83 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 194
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B98
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Both continuous
Beam Clear Span 2.2 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -9.72 -20.77 -36.15
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 0 0 0
Shear Forces kN 16.68 29.23 40.71

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 47.39 = 61.61 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 61.61 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 61.61 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.158 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 16.68 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 16.68 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.108 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 16.68 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 101.8 = 132.34 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 132.34 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 132.34 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.337 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 29.23 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 29.23 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
 = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.189 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 29.23 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
 545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 178.49 = 232.03 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 232.03 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 232.03 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.587 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 40.71 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 40.71 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
 → Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.264 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 40.71 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 6.88 0 26.08
M.L (kN.m) 0.05 0.22 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 6.88 + 0.25 * 0.05 = 6.89 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 0 + 0.25 * 0.22 = 0.06 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 26.08 + 0.25 * 0 = 26.08 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 0 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 0.06 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 0.22 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0 - 0 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2200 / 360 = 6.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0 = 0 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0 + 0 = 0 mm

(Total deflection = 0 mm) < (l / 240 = 9.17 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 195
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B99
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 4.4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -41.64 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 28.36 43.84 42.23
Shear Forces kN 66.85 41.35 47.93

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 139.5 = 181.35 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 181.35 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 181.35 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.461 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 206.14 = 267.98 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 267.98 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 267.98 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.676 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
 = 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 66.85 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 66.85 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.433 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 66.85 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 217.26 = 282.44 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 282.44 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 282.44 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.712 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

 = [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 41.35 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 41.35 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.268 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 41.35 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
 1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 209.12 = 271.86 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 271.86 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 271.86 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.686 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

 = min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 47.93 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 47.93 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.31 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 47.93 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 29.83 31.28 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0.08 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 29.83 + 0.25 * 0 = 29.83 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 31.28 + 0.25 * 0.08 = 31.3 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 31.28 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 600.76 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 31.28)^2 (1 - (600.76 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1208.16 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 31.3 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 600.76 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 31.3)^2 (1 - (600.76 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1206.6 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 31.36 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
 = 600.76 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 31.36)^2 (1 - (600.76 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1201.97 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.75 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1208.16 * 10^6] = 2.24 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.75 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1206.6 * 10^6] = 2.25
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.75 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1201.97 * 10^6] =
2.25 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 2.25 - 2.24 = 0.01 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4400 / 360 = 12.22 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.01] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 2.25 = 3.93 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 3.93 + 0.01 = 3.95 mm

(Total deflection = 3.95 mm) < (l / 240 = 18.33 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 196
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B100
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 2.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 -10.11
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 16.22 16.99 12.85
Shear Forces kN 30.02 26.5 37.8

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 79.33 = 103.13 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 103.13 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 103.13 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.263 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 30.02 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 30.02 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN
Vu/φVn = 0.194 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 30.02 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 83.12 = 108.06 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 108.06 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 108.06 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.276 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 26.5 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001) =
332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 26.5 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.172 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 26.5 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 62.75 = 81.57 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 81.57 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 81.57 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.209 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 49.3 = 64.1 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 64.1 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 64.1 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.164 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 37.8 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001) =
332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 37.8 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
 = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.245 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 37.8 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 12.2 7.09
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0.12

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 12.2 + 0.25 * 0 = 12.2 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 7.09 + 0.25 * 0.12 = 7.12 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 12.2 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 12.2 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 12.2 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.13 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.13 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.13 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.13 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.13 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.13
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.13 - 0.13 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2600 / 360 = 7.22 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.13 = 0.22 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.22 + 0 = 0.22 mm

(Total deflection = 0.22 mm) < (l / 240 = 10.83 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 197
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B103
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB2
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Both continuous
Beam Clear Span 2.2 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -8.15 -29.66 -48
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 0 0 0
Shear Forces kN 12.97 35.93 47.41

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
 = 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 39.71 = 51.62 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 51.62 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 51.62 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.071 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN
∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 12.97 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 12.97 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.087 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 12.97 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
 = 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 145.99 = 189.78 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 189.78 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 189.78 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.482 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN
Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 35.93 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 35.93 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.233 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 35.93 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
 ● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 238.36 = 309.87 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 309.87 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 309.87 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.418 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

 = min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 47.41 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 47.41 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.319 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 47.41 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 4.82 0 34.54
M.L (kN.m) 0.05 0.22 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 4.82 + 0.25 * 0.05 = 4.83 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 0 + 0.25 * 0.22 = 0.06 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 34.54 + 0.25 * 0 = 34.54 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 0 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 0.06 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 0.22 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0 - 0 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2200 / 360 = 6.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0 = 0 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0 + 0 = 0 mm

(Total deflection = 0 mm) < (l / 240 = 9.17 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 198
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B104
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 4.4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -52.94 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 33.48 63.5 51.91
Shear Forces kN 80.63 56.63 57.63

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 165.09 = 214.62 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 214.62 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 214.62 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.291 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 263.54 = 342.6 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 342.6 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 342.6 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.461 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 80.63 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 80.63 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(80.63 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.091 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.542 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 14.98 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
 = min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 317.77 = 413.11 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 413.11 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 413.11 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.552 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 56.63 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 56.63 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
 = 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.38 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 56.63 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 258.28 = 335.76 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 335.76 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 335.76 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.452 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 57.63 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 57.63 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m
 → (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.387 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 57.63 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 37.9 45.32 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0.08 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 37.9 + 0.25 * 0 = 37.9 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 45.32 + 0.25 * 0.08 = 45.34 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2
The cracked section properties are the following:
a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 45.32 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 45.32)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1255.9 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 45.34 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 45.34)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1255.61 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 45.4 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 45.4)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1254.74 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.03 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1255.9 * 10^6] = 2.94 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.03 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1255.61 * 10^6] = 2.94
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.03 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1254.74 * 10^6] =
2.94 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 2.94 - 2.94 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4400 / 360 = 12.22 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 2.94 = 5.13 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 5.13 + 0 = 5.13 mm
(Total deflection = 5.13 mm) < (l / 240 = 18.33 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 199
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B106
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.7 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 60.5 72.03 60.5
Shear Forces kN 61.3 36.78 61.3

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 302.31 = 393 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 393 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 393 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.526 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2
Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)
= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 61.3 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001)
= 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 61.3 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.412 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 61.3 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 362.02 = 470.63 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 470.63 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 470.63 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.627 < 1 → Ok
5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 36.78 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 36.78 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.247 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 36.78 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 302.31 = 393 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 393 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 393 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.526 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok
5.3.4 Check for Shear
---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 61.3 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001)
= 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 61.3 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.412 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 61.3 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm
s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 51.45 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 51.45 + 0.25 * 0 = 51.45 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 51.45 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 51.45)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
 = 1186.07 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 51.45 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 51.45)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1186.07 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 51.45 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 51.45)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1186.07 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.56 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1186.07 * 10^6] = 4.75 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.56 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1186.07 * 10^6] = 4.75
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.56 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1186.07 * 10^6] =
4.75 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 4.75 - 4.75 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4700 / 360 = 13.06 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 4.75 = 8.28 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 8.28 + 0 = 8.28 mm

(Total deflection = 8.28 mm) < (l / 240 = 19.58 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 200
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B107
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa
3. Beam Geometry and Properties
===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 5 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 -1.23 -66.75
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 48.45 51.56 21.75
Shear Forces kN 51.86 52.48 78.56

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 240.65 = 312.85 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 312.85 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 312.85 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.422 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 51.86 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.86 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

 = greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.348 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.86 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 256.49 = 333.44 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 333.44 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 333.44 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.449 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 5.97 = 7.77 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 7.77 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 7.77 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.02 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 52.48 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
 → The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 52.48 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.353 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 52.48 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 106.65 = 138.65 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 138.65 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 138.65 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.189 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 334.59 = 434.96 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 434.96 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 434.96 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.581 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN
Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 78.56 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 78.56 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(78.56 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.078 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.528 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 12.91 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 36.79 47.76
M.L (kN.m) 0 0.07 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 36.79 + 0.25 * 0.07 = 36.81 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 47.76 + 0.25 * 0 = 47.76 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 36.79 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 36.79)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1453.49 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 36.81 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 36.81)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1452.85 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 36.86 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 36.86)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1450.95 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.05 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1453.49 * 10^6] = 2.6 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.05 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1452.85 * 10^6] = 2.6
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.05 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1450.95 * 10^6] =
2.61 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 2.61 - 2.6 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 5000 / 360 = 13.89 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 2.6 = 4.54 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 4.54 + 0 = 4.54 mm

(Total deflection = 4.54 mm) < (l / 240 = 20.83 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 201
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B110
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB6
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 95.68 151.62 151.62
Shear Forces kN 89.34 91.3 120.65

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 16 56
2 2 16 97
3 2 16 138
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 146.1 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 146.1 = 124.18 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 124.18 * 200 * 0.001 = 506.67 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
544 -0.008171 -420 -168.89
503 -0.007329 -420 -168.89
462 -0.006487 -420 -168.89

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 223.39 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 503 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 1206.36 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 1206.36 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 487.81 = 634.16 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 634.16 mm^2
∵ (As = 1206.36 mm^2) > (As.min = 634.16 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0082

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0082) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 223.39 = 201.06 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.476 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 503 * 0.001 = 83.78 kN
= max of [83.78 , 0] → Vc = 83.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 503 * 0.001 = 206.99 kN

∵ (Vc = 83.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 206.99 kN) → Vc = 83.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 89.34 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (83.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 503 * 0.001)
= 306.79 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 89.34 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 83.78 = 62.84 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(89.34 - 0.75 * 83.78) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 503) = 0.167
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 503 * 0.001 = 106.19 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.19 + 83.78) = 142.48 kN , 306.79 kN]
= 142.48 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.627 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 26.5 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 121.98 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 503 / 2 = 251.5 mm]
= 251.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 503 mm]
= 503 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 503 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 251.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 16 56
2 2 16 97
3 2 16 138
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 146.1 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 146.1 = 124.18 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 124.18 * 200 * 0.001 = 506.67 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
544 -0.008171 -420 -168.89
503 -0.007329 -420 -168.89
462 -0.006487 -420 -168.89

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 223.39 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 503 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 1206.36 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 1206.36 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 797.51 = 1036.77 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 1036.77 mm^2
∵ (As = 1206.36 mm^2) > (As.min = 1036.77 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0082

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0082) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 223.39 = 201.06 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.754 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 503 * 0.001 = 83.78 kN
= max of [83.78 , 0] → Vc = 83.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 503 * 0.001 = 206.99 kN

∵ (Vc = 83.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 206.99 kN) → Vc = 83.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 91.3 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (83.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 503 * 0.001) =
306.79 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 91.3 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 83.78 = 62.84 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(91.3 - 0.75 * 83.78) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 503) = 0.18
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m
 → (Av/s).required = 0.18 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 503 * 0.001 = 106.19 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.19 + 83.78) = 142.48 kN , 306.79 kN]
= 142.48 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.641 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 28.46 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 121.98 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 503 / 2 = 251.5 mm]
= 251.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 503 mm]
= 503 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 503 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 251.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 16 56
2 2 16 97
3 2 16 138
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 146.1 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 146.1 = 124.18 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 124.18 * 200 * 0.001 = 506.67 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
 544 -0.008171 -420 -168.89
503 -0.007329 -420 -168.89
462 -0.006487 -420 -168.89

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 223.39 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 503 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 1206.36 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 1206.36 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 797.51 = 1036.77 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 1036.77 mm^2
∵ (As = 1206.36 mm^2) > (As.min = 1036.77 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0082

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0082) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 223.39 = 201.06 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.754 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 503 * 0.001 = 83.78 kN
= max of [83.78 , 0] → Vc = 83.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 503 * 0.001 = 206.99 kN

∵ (Vc = 83.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 206.99 kN) → Vc = 83.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 120.65 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (83.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 503 * 0.001)
= 306.79 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate
→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 120.65 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 83.78 = 62.84 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(120.65 - 0.75 * 83.78) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 503) = 0.365
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.365 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 503 * 0.001 = 106.19 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.19 + 83.78) = 142.48 kN , 306.79 kN]
= 142.48 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.847 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 57.81 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 121.98 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 503 / 2 = 251.5 mm]
= 251.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 503 mm]
= 503 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 503 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 251.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 108.3 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 108.3 + 0.25 * 0 = 108.3 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69
→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 1206.36 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 1206.36) = 0.019 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 1206.36) = 0.226
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.019 * 503 * (1 + 0.226 * 55 / 503) + (1 + 0.226)^2) - (1 + 0.226)] / 0.019 =
176.88 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (176.88)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 1206.36 * (503 - 176.88)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (176.88 -
55)^2 = 1518.52 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 108.3 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1518.52 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 108.3)^2 (1 - (1518.52 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1564.05 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 108.3 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1518.52 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 108.3)^2 (1 - (1518.52 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1564.05 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 108.3 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1518.52 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 108.3)^2 (1 - (1518.52 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1564.05 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 2.89 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1564.05 * 10^6] = 6.65 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 2.89 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1564.05 * 10^6] = 6.65
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2.89 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1564.05 * 10^6] =
6.65 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 6.65 - 6.65 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4600 / 360 = 12.78 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3
ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 503) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.73

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.73 * 6.65 = 11.53 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 11.53 + 0 = 11.53 mm

(Total deflection = 11.53 mm) < (l / 240 = 19.17 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 202
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B111
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB6
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 131.04 164.38 164.38
Shear Forces kN 106.92 99.81 129.15

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
 1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 16 56
2 2 16 97
3 2 16 138
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 146.1 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 146.1 = 124.18 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 124.18 * 200 * 0.001 = 506.67 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
544 -0.008171 -420 -168.89
503 -0.007329 -420 -168.89
462 -0.006487 -420 -168.89

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 223.39 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 503 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 1206.36 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 1206.36 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 681.15 = 885.5 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 885.5 mm^2
∵ (As = 1206.36 mm^2) > (As.min = 885.5 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0082

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0082) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 223.39 = 201.06 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.652 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 503 * 0.001 = 83.78 kN
= max of [83.78 , 0] → Vc = 83.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 503 * 0.001 = 206.99 kN

∵ (Vc = 83.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 206.99 kN) → Vc = 83.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 106.92 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (83.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 503 * 0.001)
= 306.79 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 106.92 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 83.78 = 62.84 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(106.92 - 0.75 * 83.78) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 503) = 0.278
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.278 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 503 * 0.001 = 106.19 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.19 + 83.78) = 142.48 kN , 306.79 kN]
= 142.48 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.75 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 44.08 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 121.98 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 503 / 2 = 251.5 mm]
= 251.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 503 mm]
= 503 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 503 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 251.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 16 56
2 2 16 97
3 2 16 138
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 146.1 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 146.1 = 124.18 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 124.18 * 200 * 0.001 = 506.67 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
544 -0.008171 -420 -168.89
503 -0.007329 -420 -168.89
462 -0.006487 -420 -168.89

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 223.39 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 503 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 1206.36 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 1206.36 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 871.2 = 1132.56 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 1132.56 mm^2
∵ (As = 1206.36 mm^2) > (As.min = 1132.56 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0082

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0082) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 223.39 = 201.06 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.818 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 503 * 0.001 = 83.78 kN
= max of [83.78 , 0] → Vc = 83.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 503 * 0.001 = 206.99 kN

∵ (Vc = 83.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 206.99 kN) → Vc = 83.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 99.81 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (83.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 503 * 0.001)
= 306.79 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 99.81 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 83.78 = 62.84 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(99.81 - 0.75 * 83.78) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 503) = 0.233
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.233 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 503 * 0.001 = 106.19 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.19 + 83.78) = 142.48 kN , 306.79 kN]
= 142.48 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.701 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 36.97 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 121.98 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 503 / 2 = 251.5 mm]
= 251.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 503 mm]
= 503 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 503 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 251.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 16 56
2 2 16 97
3 2 16 138
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 146.1 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 146.1 = 124.18 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 124.18 * 200 * 0.001 = 506.67 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
544 -0.008171 -420 -168.89
503 -0.007329 -420 -168.89
462 -0.006487 -420 -168.89

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 223.39 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 503 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 1206.36 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 1206.36 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 871.2 = 1132.56 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 1132.56 mm^2
∵ (As = 1206.36 mm^2) > (As.min = 1132.56 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0082

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0082) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 223.39 = 201.06 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.818 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 503 * 0.001 = 83.78 kN
= max of [83.78 , 0] → Vc = 83.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 503 * 0.001 = 206.99 kN

∵ (Vc = 83.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 206.99 kN) → Vc = 83.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 129.15 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (83.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 503 * 0.001)
= 306.79 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 129.15 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 83.78 = 62.84 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(129.15 - 0.75 * 83.78) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 503) = 0.419
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.419 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement
(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 503 * 0.001 = 106.19 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.19 + 83.78) = 142.48 kN , 306.79 kN]
= 142.48 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.906 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 66.31 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 121.98 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 503 / 2 = 251.5 mm]
= 251.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 503 mm]
= 503 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 503 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 251.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 117.42 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 117.42 + 0.25 * 0 = 117.42 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 1206.36 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 1206.36) = 0.019 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 1206.36) = 0.226
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.019 * 503 * (1 + 0.226 * 55 / 503) + (1 + 0.226)^2) - (1 + 0.226)] / 0.019 =
176.88 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (176.88)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 1206.36 * (503 - 176.88)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (176.88 -
55)^2 = 1518.52 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 117.42 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1518.52 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 117.42)^2 (1 - (1518.52 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1557.08 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 117.42 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1518.52 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 117.42)^2 (1 - (1518.52 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1557.08 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 117.42 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1518.52 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 117.42)^2 (1 - (1518.52 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1557.08 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 3.32 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1557.08 * 10^6] = 7.68 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 3.32 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1557.08 * 10^6] = 7.68
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 3.32 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1557.08 * 10^6] =
7.68 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 7.68 - 7.68 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4600 / 360 = 12.78 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 503) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.73

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.73 * 7.68 = 13.32 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 13.32 + 0 = 13.32 mm

(Total deflection = 13.32 mm) < (l / 240 = 19.17 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 203
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B117
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.5 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 58.69 65.21 58.69
Shear Forces kN 58.69 32.61 58.69

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 293 = 380.9 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 380.9 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 380.9 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.511 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

 = [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 58.69 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 58.69 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.394 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 58.69 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
 1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 326.61 = 424.6 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 424.6 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 424.6 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.567 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2
Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2
= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 32.61 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 32.61 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.219 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 32.61 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
 ● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 293 = 380.9 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 380.9 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 380.9 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.511 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok
5.3.4 Check for Shear
---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 58.69 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 58.69 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.394 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 58.69 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 46.58 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 46.58 + 0.25 * 0 = 46.58 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 46.58 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 46.58)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1238.53 * 10^6 mm^4
M.[sus](+) = 46.58 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m
→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 46.58)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1238.53 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 46.58 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 46.58)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1238.53 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.32 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1238.53 * 10^6] = 3.84 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.32 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1238.53 * 10^6] = 3.84
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.32 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1238.53 * 10^6] =
3.84 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 3.84 - 3.84 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4500 / 360 = 12.5 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 3.84 = 6.69 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 6.69 + 0 = 6.69 mm

(Total deflection = 6.69 mm) < (l / 240 = 18.75 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 204
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B118
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB4
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa
3. Beam Geometry and Properties
===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 2.7 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -4.35 -50.48 -76.43
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 0.47 0.47 0
Shear Forces kN 16.57 51.78 63.52

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 2.28 = 2.97 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 2.97 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 2.97 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.004 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 21.16 = 27.51 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 27.51 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 27.51 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.038 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 16.57 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 16.57 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0
 (Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4
= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.111 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 16.57 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 2.28 = 2.97 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 2.97 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 2.97 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.004 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
 545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 250.99 = 326.28 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 326.28 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 326.28 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.439 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam
∵ (Vu = 51.78 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.78 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.348 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.78 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 385 = 500.5 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 500.5 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 500.5 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.665 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

 = [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 63.52 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 63.52 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.427 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 63.52 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 0.27 54.99
M.L (kN.m) 0 0.35 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 0.27 + 0.25 * 0.35 = 0.36 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 54.99 + 0.25 * 0 = 54.99 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 615.75 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 615.75] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.885 * 74.5 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.037 =
134.45 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (134.45)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 134.45)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 615.75 * (134.45 -
74.5)^2 = 996.94 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 0.27 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 0.36 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 0.62 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0 - 0 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2700 / 360 = 7.5 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 615.75 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.006

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.006] = 1.55

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.55 * 0 = 0 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0 + 0 = 0 mm

(Total deflection = 0 mm) < (l / 240 = 11.25 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 205
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B121
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 2.3 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 -15.51 -28.28
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 7.35 7.35 0
Shear Forces kN 25.49 26.8 28.7

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 35.8 = 46.54 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 46.54 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 46.54 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m
Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.119 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 25.49 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 25.49 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.165 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 25.49 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE
*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 35.8 = 46.54 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 46.54 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 46.54 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.119 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 75.83 = 98.58 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 98.58 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 98.58 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.252 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 26.8 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001) =
332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 26.8 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.174 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 26.8 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm
s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 139.1 = 180.83 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 180.83 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 180.83 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.459 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 28.7 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001) =
332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 28.7 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.186 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 28.7 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
 = min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 3.1 17.42
M.L (kN.m) 0 2.11 2.44

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 3.1 + 0.25 * 2.11 = 3.63 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 17.42 + 0.25 * 2.44 = 18.03 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
 = [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 3.1 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 3.63 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 5.21 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.01 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.01
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.01 - 0 = 0.01 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2300 / 360 = 6.39 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.01] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0 = 0 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0 + 0.01 = 0.02 mm

(Total deflection = 0.02 mm) < (l / 240 = 9.58 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 206
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B122
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 3.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 44.14 47.08 35.31
Shear Forces kN 49.56 37.17 49.56

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 218.78 = 284.42 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 284.42 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 284.42 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.384 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 49.56 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 49.56 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m
 → (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.333 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 49.56 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
 506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 233.69 = 303.8 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 303.8 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 303.8 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.41 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 37.17 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 37.17 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
 → Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.25 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 37.17 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 174.27 = 226.55 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 226.55 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 226.55 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.307 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam
∵ (Vu = 49.56 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 49.56 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.333 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 49.56 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 33.63 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 33.63 + 0.25 * 0 = 33.63 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
 = 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 33.63 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 33.63)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1598.6 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 33.63 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 33.63)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1598.6 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 33.63 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 33.63)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1598.6 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.68 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1598.6 * 10^6] = 1.54 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.68 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1598.6 * 10^6] = 1.54
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.68 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1598.6 * 10^6] = 1.54
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 1.54 - 1.54 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3800 / 360 = 10.56 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 1.54 = 2.68 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 2.68 + 0 = 2.68 mm

(Total deflection = 2.68 mm) < (l / 240 = 15.83 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 207
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B123
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 5.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 90.89 102.26 76.69
Shear Forces kN 73.04 48.69 73.04

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 461.29 = 599.67 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 599.67 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 599.67 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.791 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok
5.1.4 Check for Shear
---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 73.04 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 73.04 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(73.04 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.045 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.491 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 7.39 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm
s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 525.5 , 1.4 * 200 * 525.5 / 420]
= larger of [306.48 mm^2 , 350.33 mm^2]
 = 350.33 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 350.33 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.89 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 48.69 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 48.69 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.327 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 48.69 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 386.36 = 502.27 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 502.27 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 502.27 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.667 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 73.04 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 73.04 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(73.04 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.045 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement
(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.491 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 7.39 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 73.04 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 73.04 + 0.25 * 0 = 73.04 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 73.04 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 73.04)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1081.21 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 73.04 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 73.04)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1081.21 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 73.04 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 73.04)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1081.21 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 3.14 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1081.21 * 10^6] = 10.45 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 3.14 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1081.21 * 10^6] = 10.45
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 3.14 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1081.21 * 10^6] =
10.45 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 10.45 - 10.45 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 5600 / 360 = 15.56 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 10.45 = 18.24 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 18.24 + 0 = 18.24 mm

(Total deflection = 18.24 mm) < (l / 240 = 23.33 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 208
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B124
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 5.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 90.89 102.26 76.69
Shear Forces kN 73.04 48.69 73.04

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 461.29 = 599.67 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 599.67 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 599.67 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.791 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
 = max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 73.04 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 73.04 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(73.04 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.045 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.491 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 7.39 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
 1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 525.5 , 1.4 * 200 * 525.5 / 420]
= larger of [306.48 mm^2 , 350.33 mm^2]
= 350.33 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 350.33 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.89 < 1 → Ok
5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3
nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc
Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 48.69 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 48.69 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.327 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 48.69 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 386.36 = 502.27 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 502.27 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 502.27 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.667 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 73.04 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 73.04 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(73.04 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.045 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.491 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 7.39 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
 = 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 73.04 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 73.04 + 0.25 * 0 = 73.04 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 73.04 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
 = 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 73.04)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1081.21 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 73.04 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 73.04)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1081.21 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 73.04 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 73.04)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1081.21 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 3.14 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1081.21 * 10^6] = 10.45 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 3.14 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1081.21 * 10^6] = 10.45
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 3.14 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1081.21 * 10^6] =
10.45 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 10.45 - 10.45 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 5600 / 360 = 15.56 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 10.45 = 18.24 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 18.24 + 0 = 18.24 mm

(Total deflection = 18.24 mm) < (l / 240 = 23.33 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 209
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B125
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 5.4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 75.44 94.3 75.44
Shear Forces kN 70.43 44.82 70.43

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 379.82 = 493.77 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 493.77 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 493.77 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.656 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 70.43 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 70.43 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(70.43 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.029 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.473 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 4.78 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 525.5 , 1.4 * 200 * 525.5 / 420]
= larger of [306.48 mm^2 , 350.33 mm^2]
= 350.33 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 350.33 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.82 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN
∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 44.82 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 44.82 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.301 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 44.82 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 379.82 = 493.77 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 493.77 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 493.77 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.656 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

 = [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 70.43 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 70.43 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(70.43 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.029 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.473 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 4.78 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 67.35 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 67.35 + 0.25 * 0 = 67.35 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 67.35 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 67.35)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1098.05 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 67.35 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 67.35)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1098.05 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 67.35 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 67.35)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1098.05 * 10^6 mm^4
→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 2.7 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1098.05 * 10^6] = 8.84 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 2.7 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1098.05 * 10^6] = 8.84
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2.7 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1098.05 * 10^6] = 8.84
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 8.84 - 8.84 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 5400 / 360 = 15 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 8.84 = 15.41 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 15.41 + 0 = 15.41 mm

(Total deflection = 15.41 mm) < (l / 240 = 22.5 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 210
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B126
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 5.4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
 END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 75.44 94.3 75.44
Shear Forces kN 70.43 44.82 70.43

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 379.82 = 493.77 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 493.77 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 493.77 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.656 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 70.43 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 70.43 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(70.43 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.029 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN
Vu/φVn = 0.473 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 4.78 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 525.5 , 1.4 * 200 * 525.5 / 420]
= larger of [306.48 mm^2 , 350.33 mm^2]
= 350.33 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 350.33 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.82 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 44.82 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 44.82 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m
 → (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.301 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 44.82 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
 506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 379.82 = 493.77 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 493.77 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 493.77 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.656 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 70.43 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 70.43 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
 → Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(70.43 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.029 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.473 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 4.78 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 67.35 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 67.35 + 0.25 * 0 = 67.35 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 67.35 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 67.35)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1098.05 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 67.35 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 67.35)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1098.05 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 67.35 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 67.35)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1098.05 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 2.7 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1098.05 * 10^6] = 8.84 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 2.7 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1098.05 * 10^6] = 8.84
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 2.7 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1098.05 * 10^6] = 8.84
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 8.84 - 8.84 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 5400 / 360 = 15 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 8.84 = 15.41 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 15.41 + 0 = 15.41 mm

(Total deflection = 15.41 mm) < (l / 240 = 22.5 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 211
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B127
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.9 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 65.76 78.29 65.76
Shear Forces kN 63.91 38.35 63.91

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 329.46 = 428.3 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 428.3 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 428.3 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.572 < 1 → Ok
5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3
nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc
Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 63.91 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 63.91 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.429 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 63.91 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 394.75 = 513.17 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 513.17 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 513.17 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.681 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 38.35 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 38.35 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.258 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 38.35 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm
s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 329.46 = 428.3 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 428.3 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 428.3 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.572 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 63.91 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 63.91 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.429 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 63.91 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 55.92 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 55.92 + 0.25 * 0 = 55.92 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4
→ Determine the effective moment of inertia
Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 55.92 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 55.92)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1152.03 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 55.92 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 55.92)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1152.03 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 55.92 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 55.92)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1152.03 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.86 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1152.03 * 10^6] = 5.82 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.86 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1152.03 * 10^6] = 5.82
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.86 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1152.03 * 10^6] =
5.82 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 5.82 - 5.82 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4900 / 360 = 13.61 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 5.82 = 10.15 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 10.15 + 0 = 10.15 mm

(Total deflection = 10.15 mm) < (l / 240 = 20.42 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 212
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B128
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19
2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 4.9 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 -56.85
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 48.71 52.42 25.97
Shear Forces kN 52.31 49.95 75.51

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 241.97 = 314.57 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 314.57 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 314.57 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.424 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 52.31 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 52.31 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.351 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 52.31 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a
a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 260.88 = 339.15 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 339.15 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 339.15 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.456 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 49.95 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 49.95 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.336 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 49.95 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200
5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 127.6 = 165.88 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 165.88 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 165.88 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.226 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 283.55 = 368.62 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 368.62 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 368.62 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.495 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

 = min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 75.51 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 75.51 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(75.51 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) = 0.06
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.507 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 9.86 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 37.5 40.47
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0.12

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 37.5 + 0.25 * 0 = 37.5 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 40.47 + 0.25 * 0.12 = 40.5 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 37.5 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 37.5)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1428.76 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 37.5 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 37.5)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1428.76 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 37.5 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

 → (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 37.5)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1428.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.08 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1428.76 * 10^6] = 2.73 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.08 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1428.76 * 10^6] = 2.73
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.08 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1428.76 * 10^6] =
2.73 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 2.73 - 2.73 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4900 / 360 = 13.61 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 2.73 = 4.77 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 4.77 + 0 = 4.77 mm

(Total deflection = 4.77 mm) < (l / 240 = 20.42 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 213
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B129
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.3 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 53.34 66.26 57.37
Shear Forces kN 58.98 37.24 60.1

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 265.58 = 345.25 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 345.25 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 345.25 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.464 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 58.98 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 58.98 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm
Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN
φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.396 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 58.98 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 332.05 = 431.66 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 431.66 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 431.66 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.576 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 37.24 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 37.24 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
 = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.25 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 37.24 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 286.22 = 372.08 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 372.08 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 372.08 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.499 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 60.1 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001)
= 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate
→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 60.1 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.404 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 60.1 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 47.2 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0.14 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 47.2 + 0.25 * 0.14 = 47.24 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 47.2 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 47.2)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1230.65 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 47.24 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 47.24)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1230.22 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 47.34 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 47.34)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1228.93 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.21 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1230.65 * 10^6] = 3.55 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.22 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1230.22 * 10^6] = 3.56
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.22 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1228.93 * 10^6] =
3.57 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 3.57 - 3.55 = 0.02 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4300 / 360 = 11.94 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.02] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3
ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 3.56 = 6.2 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 6.2 + 0.02 = 6.22 mm

(Total deflection = 6.22 mm) < (l / 240 = 17.92 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 214
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B130
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Both continuous
Beam Clear Span 2.3 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -11.92 -7.6 -20.32
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 1.28 1.28 0
Shear Forces kN 26.35 21.65 33.65

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
 ● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 6.22 = 8.08 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 8.08 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 8.08 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.021 < 1 → Ok
5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 58.18 = 75.64 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 75.64 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 75.64 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.194 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 26.35 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 26.35 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.171 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 26.35 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 6.22 = 8.08 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 8.08 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 8.08 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.021 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 37.02 = 48.13 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 48.13 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 48.13 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.123 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 21.65 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 21.65 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.14 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 21.65 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok
∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 99.57 = 129.44 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 129.44 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 129.44 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m
Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.33 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 33.65 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 33.65 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.218 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 33.65 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
 = min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 8.93 1.21 13.16
M.L (kN.m) 0 0.36 1.18

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 8.93 + 0.25 * 0 = 8.93 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 1.21 + 0.25 * 0.36 = 1.3 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 13.16 + 0.25 * 1.18 = 13.46 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 1.21 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

 → (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 1.3 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 1.57 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0 - 0 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2300 / 360 = 6.39 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0 = 0 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0 + 0 = 0 mm

(Total deflection = 0 mm) < (l / 240 = 9.58 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 215
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B131
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB5
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 5.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 97.5 109.69 82.27
Shear Forces kN 75.65 50.43 75.65

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 496.57 = 645.53 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 645.53 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 645.53 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.609 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 75.65 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 75.65 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(75.65 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.078
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement
(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.528 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 12.44 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
 506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 562.31 = 731.01 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 731.01 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 731.01 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.685 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 50.43 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 50.43 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.352 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 50.43 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
 = 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 415.67 = 540.37 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 540.37 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 540.37 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.514 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN
∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 75.65 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 75.65 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(75.65 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.078
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.528 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 12.44 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 78.35 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 78.35 + 0.25 * 0 = 78.35 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 506 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 506) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
159.23 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (159.23)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (506 - 159.23)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (159.23 -
55)^2 = 1259.6 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 78.35 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 78.35)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1343.61 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 78.35 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 78.35)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1343.61 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 78.35 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 78.35)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1343.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 3.62 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1343.61 * 10^6] = 9.71 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 3.62 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1343.61 * 10^6] = 9.71
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 3.62 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1343.61 * 10^6] =
9.71 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 9.71 - 9.71 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 5800 / 360 = 16.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 506) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 9.71 = 16.85 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 16.85 + 0 = 16.85 mm

(Total deflection = 16.85 mm) < (l / 240 = 24.17 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 216
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B132
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 3.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 48.72 76.31 48.72
Shear Forces kN 65.87 54.13 65.87
5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 242.03 = 314.63 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 314.63 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 314.63 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.424 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 65.87 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 65.87 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(65.87 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.001 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.443 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 0.22 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
 = 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 384.37 = 499.68 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 499.68 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 499.68 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.664 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 54.13 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 54.13 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN
Vu/φVn = 0.364 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 54.13 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 242.03 = 314.63 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 314.63 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 314.63 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.424 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 65.87 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 65.87 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(65.87 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.001 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m
 → (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.443 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 0.22 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 54.51 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 54.51 + 0.25 * 0 = 54.51 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2
The cracked section properties are the following:
a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 54.51 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 54.51)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1161.67 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 54.51 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 54.51)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1161.67 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 54.51 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 54.51)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1161.67 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.9 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1161.67 * 10^6] = 2.78 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.9 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1161.67 * 10^6] = 2.78
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.9 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1161.67 * 10^6] = 2.78
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 2.78 - 2.78 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3600 / 360 = 10 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 2.78 = 4.84 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 4.84 + 0 = 4.84 mm
(Total deflection = 4.84 mm) < (l / 240 = 15 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 217
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B133
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Both continuous
Beam Clear Span 3.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -39.99 -17.86 -32.98
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 0 16.84 2.5
Shear Forces kN 55.05 43.31 51.15

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 197.81 = 257.16 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 257.16 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 257.16 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.348 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
 = 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 55.05 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 55.05 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.37 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 55.05 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
 ● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 82.38 = 107.1 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 107.1 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 107.1 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.147 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 87.42 = 113.64 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 113.64 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 113.64 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.29 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3
nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc
Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 43.31 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 43.31 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.291 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 43.31 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)
********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 12.15 = 15.79 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 15.79 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 15.79 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.022 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 162.59 = 211.36 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 211.36 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 211.36 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.287 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 51.15 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.15 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.344 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 51.15 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 28.91 12.32 24.21
M.L (kN.m) 0 0.58 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 28.91 + 0.25 * 0 = 28.91 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 12.32 + 0.25 * 0.58 = 12.46 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 24.21 + 0.25 * 0 = 24.21 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m
M.[D](+) = 12.32 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m
→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 12.46 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 12.9 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.09 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.09 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.09 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.09 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.09 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.09
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.09 - 0.09 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3600 / 360 = 10 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 0.09 = 0.16 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.16 + 0 = 0.16 mm

(Total deflection = 0.16 mm) < (l / 240 = 15 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 218
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B134
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 63.11 75.13 63.11
Shear Forces kN 62.61 37.56 62.61

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 315.76 = 410.49 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 410.49 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 410.49 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.549 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 62.61 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 62.61 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement
(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.421 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 62.61 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 378.2 = 491.66 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 491.66 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 491.66 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.654 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 37.56 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 37.56 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0
 (Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4
= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.252 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 37.56 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 315.76 = 410.49 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 410.49 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 410.49 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.549 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 62.61 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 62.61 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.421 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 62.61 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 53.66 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 53.66 + 0.25 * 0 = 53.66 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 53.66 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 53.66)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1167.93 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 53.66 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 53.66)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1167.93 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 53.66 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 53.66)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1167.93 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.71 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1167.93 * 10^6] = 5.26 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.71 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1167.93 * 10^6] = 5.26
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.71 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1167.93 * 10^6] =
5.26 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 5.26 - 5.26 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4800 / 360 = 13.33 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 5.26 = 9.18 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 9.18 + 0 = 9.18 mm

(Total deflection = 9.18 mm) < (l / 240 = 20 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 219
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B135
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 4.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -56.3 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 23.69 49.6 46.22
Shear Forces kN 74.34 49.29 50.88

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 116.27 = 151.15 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 151.15 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 151.15 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.206 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 280.73 = 364.95 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 364.95 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 364.95 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.49 < 1 → Ok
5.1.4 Check for Shear
---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 74.34 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 74.34 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(74.34 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.053 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.499 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 8.69 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm
s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 246.5 = 320.45 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 320.45 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 320.45 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.432 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 49.29 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 49.29 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.331 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 49.29 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 229.32 = 298.12 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 298.12 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 298.12 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.402 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 50.88 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 50.88 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm
Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN
φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.342 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 50.88 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 40.48 35.32 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0.23 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 40.48 + 0.25 * 0 = 40.48 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 35.32 + 0.25 * 0.23 = 35.38 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 35.32 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 35.32)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1512.79 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 35.38 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 35.38)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1510.24 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 35.55 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 35.55)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1502.69 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.97 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1512.79 * 10^6] = 2.3 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.97 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1510.24 * 10^6] = 2.3
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.97 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1502.69 * 10^6] =
2.32 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 2.32 - 2.3 = 0.02 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4800 / 360 = 13.33 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.02] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 2.3 = 4.02 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 4.02 + 0.02 = 4.04 mm

(Total deflection = 4.04 mm) < (l / 240 = 20 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 220
**************************************************************************************
1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B136
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Both continuous
Beam Clear Span 3.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -29.26 -24.9 -57.33
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 16.28 40.69 2.25
Shear Forces kN 62.34 66.19 77.93

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 79.62 = 103.51 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 103.51 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 103.51 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.142 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 143.99 = 187.19 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 187.19 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 187.19 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.255 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN
Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 62.34 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 62.34 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.419 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 62.34 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
 ● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 201.34 = 261.75 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 261.75 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 261.75 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.354 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 122.28 = 158.96 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 158.96 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 158.96 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.404 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

 = min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 66.19 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 66.19 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(66.19 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.003 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.445 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 0.54 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 10.93 = 14.21 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 14.21 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 14.21 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.02 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 286.01 = 371.82 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 371.82 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 371.82 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.499 < 1 → Ok
5.3.4 Check for Shear
---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 77.93 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 77.93 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(77.93 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.074 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.524 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 12.28 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm
s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 18.41 24.97 39.49
M.L (kN.m) 2.18 3.58 1.27

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 18.41 + 0.25 * 2.18 = 18.96 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 24.97 + 0.25 * 3.58 = 25.86 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 39.49 + 0.25 * 1.27 = 39.81 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 24.97 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 24.97)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 3160.93 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 25.86 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 25.86)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 2753.12 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 28.55 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 28.55)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 2090.58 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.29 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3160.93 * 10^6] = 0.33 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.3 * [3600 * 10^6] / [2753.12 * 10^6] = 0.39
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.33 * [3600 * 10^6] / [2090.58 * 10^6] =
0.57 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.57 - 0.33 = 0.25 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3600 / 360 = 10 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.25] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 0.39 = 0.68 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.68 + 0.25 = 0.93 mm

(Total deflection = 0.93 mm) < (l / 240 = 15 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 221
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B137
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB5
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 3.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 56.35 91.56 56.35
Shear Forces kN 74.34 62.61 74.34

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
 467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 280.99 = 365.28 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 365.28 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 365.28 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.352 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 74.34 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 74.34 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
 → Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(74.34 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.07
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.519 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 11.13 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
 = 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 464.85 = 604.31 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 604.31 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 604.31 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.572 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN
∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 62.61 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 62.61 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.437 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 62.61 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 280.99 = 365.28 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 365.28 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 365.28 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.352 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
 = 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 74.34 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 74.34 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(74.34 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.07
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.519 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 11.13 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 65.4 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 65.4 + 0.25 * 0 = 65.4 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 506 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 506) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
159.23 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (159.23)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (506 - 159.23)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (159.23 -
55)^2 = 1259.6 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 65.4 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 65.4)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1383.79 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 65.4 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 65.4)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1383.79 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 65.4 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 65.4)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1383.79 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.06 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1383.79 * 10^6] = 2.75 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.06 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1383.79 * 10^6] = 2.75
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.06 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1383.79 * 10^6] =
2.76 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 2.76 - 2.75 = 0.01 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3600 / 360 = 10 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.01] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 506) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 2.75 = 4.78 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 4.78 + 0.01 = 4.79 mm

(Total deflection = 4.79 mm) < (l / 240 = 15 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 222
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B138
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 4.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm
4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -72.64 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 29.95 75.43 75.43
Shear Forces kN 87.96 77.69 98.56

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 147.43 = 191.66 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 191.66 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 191.66 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.261 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 365.2 = 474.76 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 474.76 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 474.76 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.632 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 87.96 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 87.96 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(87.96 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.135 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm
Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN
φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.591 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 22.31 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 379.77 = 493.7 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 493.7 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 493.7 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.656 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 77.69 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 77.69 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(77.69 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.073 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

 = greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.522 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 12.04 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 379.77 = 493.7 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 493.7 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 493.7 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.656 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 98.56 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
 → The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 98.56 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(98.56 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.199 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.199 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.662 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 32.91 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 51.87 53.88 0
M.L (kN.m) 0.01 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 51.87 + 0.25 * 0.01 = 51.87 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 53.88 + 0.25 * 0 = 53.88 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 53.88 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 53.88)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1166.28 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 53.88 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 53.88)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1166.28 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 53.88 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 53.88)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1166.28 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.41 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1166.28 * 10^6] = 4.36 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.41 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1166.28 * 10^6] = 4.36
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.41 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1166.28 * 10^6] =
4.36 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 4.36 - 4.36 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4800 / 360 = 13.33 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 4.36 = 7.61 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 7.61 + 0 = 7.61 mm

(Total deflection = 7.61 mm) < (l / 240 = 20 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 223
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B139
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 3.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 44.14 47.08 35.31
Shear Forces kN 49.56 37.17 49.56

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 218.78 = 284.42 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 284.42 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 284.42 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.384 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 49.56 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 49.56 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.333 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 49.56 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok
∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 233.69 = 303.8 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 303.8 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 303.8 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.41 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 37.17 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 37.17 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.25 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 37.17 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
 = 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 174.27 = 226.55 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 226.55 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 226.55 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.307 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 49.56 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 49.56 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN
Vu/φVn = 0.333 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 49.56 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 33.63 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 33.63 + 0.25 * 0 = 33.63 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

 = 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 33.63 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 33.63)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1598.6 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 33.63 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 33.63)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1598.6 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 33.63 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 33.63)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1598.6 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.68 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1598.6 * 10^6] = 1.52 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.68 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1598.6 * 10^6] = 1.52
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.68 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1598.6 * 10^6] = 1.53
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 1.53 - 1.52 = 0.01 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3800 / 360 = 10.56 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0.01] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 1.52 = 2.66 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 2.66 + 0.01 = 2.67 mm

(Total deflection = 2.67 mm) < (l / 240 = 15.83 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 224
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B140
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB2
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -55.11 -6.79 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 9.64 28.01 28.01
Shear Forces kN 65.95 42.76 38.39

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
 = 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 47 = 61.1 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 61.1 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 61.1 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.157 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 274.63 = 357.02 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 357.02 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 357.02 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.479 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN
∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 65.95 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 65.95 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(65.95 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.002 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.443 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 0.3 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 137.76 = 179.08 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 179.08 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 179.08 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.455 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 33.06 = 42.98 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 42.98 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 42.98 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.11 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
 = max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 42.76 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 42.76 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.277 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 42.76 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
 ● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 137.76 = 179.08 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 179.08 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 179.08 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.455 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
 = min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 38.39 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 38.39 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.249 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 38.39 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 39.72 19.88 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0.31 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 39.72 + 0.25 * 0 = 39.72 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 19.88 + 0.25 * 0.31 = 19.96 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 19.88 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 19.96 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 20.19 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.31 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.31 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.31 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.31 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.32 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.32
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.32 - 0.31 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4000 / 360 = 11.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.31 = 0.55 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.55 + 0 = 0.55 mm

(Total deflection = 0.55 mm) < (l / 240 = 16.67 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 226
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B142
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 2.2 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 15.15 15.15 15.15
Shear Forces kN 28.69 17.22 28.69

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 74.06 = 96.28 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 96.28 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 96.28 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.246 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 28.69 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 28.69 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.186 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 28.69 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm
s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 74.06 = 96.28 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 96.28 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 96.28 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.246 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 17.22 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 17.22 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.112 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 17.22 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
 = min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 74.06 = 96.28 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 96.28 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 96.28 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.246 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 28.69 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 28.69 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN
Vu/φVn = 0.186 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 28.69 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 10.82 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 10.82 + 0.25 * 0 = 10.82 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 10.82 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 10.82 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 10.82 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.08 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.08 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.08 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.08 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.08 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.08
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.08 - 0.08 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2200 / 360 = 6.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.08 = 0.14 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.14 + 0 = 0.14 mm

(Total deflection = 0.14 mm) < (l / 240 = 9.17 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 227
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B143
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB5
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 110.6 110.6 80.88
Shear Forces kN 107.88 87.03 76.02

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
 467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 567.26 = 737.43 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 737.43 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 737.43 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.691 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 107.88 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 107.88 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
 → Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(107.88 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.28
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.28 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.753 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 44.67 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
 = 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 567.26 = 737.43 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 737.43 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 737.43 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.691 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN
∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 87.03 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 87.03 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(87.03 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.149
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.607 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 23.82 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200
5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 408.35 = 530.86 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 530.86 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 530.86 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.505 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
 = min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 76.02 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 76.02 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(76.02 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.08
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.53 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 12.81 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 79 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 79 + 0.25 * 0 = 79 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 506 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 506) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
159.23 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (159.23)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (506 - 159.23)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (159.23 -
55)^2 = 1259.6 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 79 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 79)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) / (3600
* 10^6))]
= 1342.15 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 79 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 79)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) / (3600
* 10^6))]
= 1342.15 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 79 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
 = 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 79)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) / (3600
* 10^6))]
= 1342.15 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.62 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1342.15 * 10^6] = 4.34 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.62 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1342.15 * 10^6] = 4.34
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.62 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1342.15 * 10^6] =
4.34 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 4.34 - 4.34 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4000 / 360 = 11.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 506) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 4.34 = 7.53 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 7.53 + 0 = 7.53 mm

(Total deflection = 7.53 mm) < (l / 240 = 16.67 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 228
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B144
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -83.82 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 51.91 57.47 51.54
Shear Forces kN 128.84 107.99 55.07

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 258.28 = 335.76 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 335.76 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 335.76 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.452 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 423.84 = 550.99 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 550.99 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 550.99 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -127.71 = -114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.729 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 128.84 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 128.84 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(128.84 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.382 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.382 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

 (Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.866 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 63.19 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 286.73 = 372.75 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 372.75 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 372.75 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.5 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 107.99 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 107.99 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(107.99 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.256 mm^2/m
 (Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4
= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.256 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.725 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 42.34 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 256.39 = 333.31 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 333.31 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 333.31 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.448 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 55.07 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 55.07 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.37 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 55.07 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 59.84 41.07 0
M.L (kN.m) 0.03 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 59.84 + 0.25 * 0.03 = 59.85 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 41.07 + 0.25 * 0 = 41.07 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 41.07 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 41.07)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1332.07 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 41.07 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 41.07)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1332.07 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 41.07 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 41.07)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1332.07 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.86 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1332.07 * 10^6] = 2.32 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.86 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1332.07 * 10^6] = 2.32
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.86 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1332.07 * 10^6] =
2.32 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 2.32 - 2.32 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4000 / 360 = 11.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 2.32 = 4.04 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 4.04 + 0 = 4.04 mm

(Total deflection = 4.04 mm) < (l / 240 = 16.67 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 229
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B145
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition End continuous
Beam Clear Span 3.2 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 -4.38 -24.19
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 20.34 22.34 9.98
Shear Forces kN 34.18 37.37 49.3

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 99.67 = 129.57 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 129.57 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 129.57 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m
Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.33 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 34.18 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 34.18 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.221 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 34.18 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE
*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 109.58 = 142.45 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 142.45 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 142.45 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.363 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 21.3 = 27.7 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 27.7 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 27.7 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.071 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 37.37 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 37.37 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.242 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 37.37 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm
s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 48.67 = 63.27 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 63.27 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 63.27 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.162 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 118.75 = 154.38 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 154.38 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 154.38 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.393 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 49.3 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001) =
332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 49.3 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.319 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 49.3 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
 = min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 16 17.18
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0.09

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 16 + 0.25 * 0 = 16 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 17.18 + 0.25 * 0.09 = 17.2 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
 = [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 16 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 16 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 16 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.21 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.21 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.21 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.21 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.21 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.21
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.21 - 0.21 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3200 / 360 = 8.89 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.21 = 0.37 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.37 + 0 = 0.37 mm

(Total deflection = 0.37 mm) < (l / 240 = 13.33 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 231
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B8
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB5
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 105.65 127.82 76.95
Shear Forces kN 90 76.95 90

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 540.42 = 702.55 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 702.55 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 702.55 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.66 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 90 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001) =
308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 90 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(90 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.168
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
 = greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.168 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.628 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 26.79 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 661.82 = 860.37 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 860.37 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 860.37 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.799 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
= max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 76.95 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001)
= 308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 76.95 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(76.95 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.086
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.537 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 13.74 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
3 2 14 133
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 111.86 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 111.86 = 95.08 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 95.08 * 200 * 0.001 = 387.93 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.011617 -420 -129.31
506 -0.010571 -420 -129.31
467 -0.009525 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 177.85 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 506 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 923.64 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 387.72 = 504.04 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 504.04 mm^2
∵ (As = 923.64 mm^2) > (As.min = 504.04 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0116

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0116) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 177.85 = 160.07 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.481 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 84.28 kN
 = max of [84.28 , 0] → Vc = 84.28 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001 = 208.23 kN

∵ (Vc = 84.28 kN) < (Vc.max = 208.23 kN) → Vc = 84.28 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 90 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (84.28 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 506 * 0.001) =
308.62 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 90 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 84.28 = 63.21 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(90 - 0.75 * 84.28) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 506) = 0.168
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.168 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 506 * 0.001 = 106.82 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (106.82 + 84.28) = 143.33 kN , 308.62 kN]
= 143.33 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.628 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 26.79 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 122.7 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 506 / 2 = 253 mm]
= 253 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 506 mm]
= 506 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 506 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 253 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 91.3 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 91.3 + 0.25 * 0 = 91.3 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 923.64 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.025 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 923.64) = 0.295
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.025 * 506 * (1 + 0.295 * 55 / 506) + (1 + 0.295)^2) - (1 + 0.295)] / 0.025 =
159.23 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (159.23)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 923.64 * (506 - 159.23)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (159.23 -
55)^2 = 1259.6 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 91.3 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 91.3)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1320.4 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 91.3 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 91.3)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1320.4 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 91.3 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 1259.6 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 91.3)^2 (1 - (1259.6 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1320.4 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.79 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1320.4 * 10^6] = 4.88 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.79 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1320.4 * 10^6] = 4.88
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.79 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1320.4 * 10^6] = 4.88
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 4.88 - 4.88 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4000 / 360 = 11.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 506) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 4.88 = 8.46 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 8.46 + 0 = 8.46 mm

(Total deflection = 8.46 mm) < (l / 240 = 16.67 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 232
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B9
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 90 106.95 66.52
Shear Forces kN 79.56 66.52 79.56

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 456.56 = 593.53 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 593.53 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 593.53 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.783 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 79.56 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 79.56 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(79.56 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.084 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.534 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 13.91 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 525.5 , 1.4 * 200 * 525.5 / 420]
= larger of [306.48 mm^2 , 350.33 mm^2]
= 350.33 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 350.33 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.93 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 66.52 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 66.52 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(66.52 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.005 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m
 → (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.447 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 0.87 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
 506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 333.39 = 433.41 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 433.41 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 433.41 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.579 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 79.56 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 79.56 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
 → Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(79.56 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.084 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.534 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 13.91 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 76.39 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 76.39 + 0.25 * 0 = 76.39 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 76.39 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 76.39)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1073.2 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 76.39 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 76.39)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1073.2 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 76.39 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 76.39)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1073.2 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.52 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1073.2 * 10^6] = 5.11 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.52 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1073.2 * 10^6] = 5.11
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.52 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1073.2 * 10^6] = 5.11
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 5.11 - 5.11 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4000 / 360 = 11.11 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 5.11 = 8.91 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 8.91 + 0 = 8.91 mm

(Total deflection = 8.91 mm) < (l / 240 = 16.67 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 234
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B146
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Start continuous
Beam Clear Span 2.7 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m -27.55 -20.88 -5.85
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 0 0 0
Shear Forces kN 15.77 13.91 8.35

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 135.46 = 176.1 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 176.1 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 176.1 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.447 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2
Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2
= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 15.77 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 15.77 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.102 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 15.77 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
 ● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m
Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 102.34 = 133.05 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 133.05 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 133.05 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.339 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 13.91 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 13.91 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.09 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 13.91 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok
∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = -68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 28.47 = 37.02 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 37.02 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 37.02 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * -68.42 = -61.58 kN.m
Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.095 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 8.35 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001) =
332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 8.35 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.054 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 8.35 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
 = 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 17.32 0 0
M.L (kN.m) 2.07 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 17.32 + 0.25 * 2.07 = 17.84 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 0 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)
M.[sus](+) = 0 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m
→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 0 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0 - 0 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2700 / 360 = 7.5 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0 = 0 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0 + 0 = 0 mm

(Total deflection = 0 mm) < (l / 240 = 11.25 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 235
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B147
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 5 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 10.81 12.87 10.81
Shear Forces kN 10.3 6.18 10.3

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 52.74 = 68.56 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 68.56 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 68.56 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.176 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok
Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement
εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 10.3 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001) =
332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 10.3 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
 = 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.067 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 10.3 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 62.85 = 81.7 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 81.7 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 81.7 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.209 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2
Minimum area of flexural reinforcement
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 6.18 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001) =
332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 6.18 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement
(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.04 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 6.18 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 52.74 = 68.56 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 68.56 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 68.56 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.176 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 10.3 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001) =
332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 10.3 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
 = greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.067 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 10.3 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 9.19 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 9.19 + 0.25 * 0 = 9.19 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 9.19 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 9.19 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 9.19 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.29 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.29 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.29 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.29 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.29 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.29
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.29 - 0.29 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 5000 / 360 = 13.89 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.29 = 0.52 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.52 + 0 = 0.52 mm

(Total deflection = 0.52 mm) < (l / 240 = 20.83 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 267
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B4
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 1.3 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 4.89 4.89 4.89
Shear Forces kN 16.94 16.94 16.94

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
 = 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 23.79 = 30.93 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 30.93 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 30.93 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.079 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam
∵ (Vu = 16.94 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 16.94 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.11 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 16.94 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)
Depth to neutral axis c
c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 23.79 = 30.93 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 30.93 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 30.93 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.079 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN
Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 16.94 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 16.94 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.11 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 16.94 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200
5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 23.79 = 30.93 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 30.93 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 30.93 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.079 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2
Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)
= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 16.94 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 16.94 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.11 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 16.94 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 3.49 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0
The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 3.49 + 0.25 * 0 = 3.49 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 3.49 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 3.49 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 3.49 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.01 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.01 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.01 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.01 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.01 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.01
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.01 - 0.01 = 0 mm
(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 1299 / 360 = 3.61 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.01 = 0.02 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.02 + 0 = 0.02 mm

(Total deflection = 0.02 mm) < (l / 240 = 5.41 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 268
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B5
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 2.9 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 24.39 27.44 24.39
Shear Forces kN 37.84 25.22 37.84

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 119.75 = 155.67 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 155.67 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 155.67 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.396 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok
5.1.4 Check for Shear
---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 37.84 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 37.84 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.245 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 37.84 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 134.92 = 175.39 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 175.39 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 175.39 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.446 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 25.22 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 25.22 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.163 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 25.22 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 119.75 = 155.67 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 155.67 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 155.67 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.396 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 37.84 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 37.84 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.245 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement
∵ (Vu = 37.84 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 19.6 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 19.6 + 0.25 * 0 = 19.6 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4
→ Determine the effective moment of inertia
Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 19.6 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 19.6 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 19.6 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.23 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.23 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.23 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.23 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.23 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.23
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.23 - 0.23 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2901 / 360 = 8.06 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.23 = 0.4 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.4 + 0 = 0.4 mm

(Total deflection = 0.4 mm) < (l / 240 = 12.09 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 269
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B6
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa
3. Beam Geometry and Properties
===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 1.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 8.35 8.35 6.26
Shear Forces kN 20.87 20.87 20.87

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 40.69 = 52.89 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 52.89 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 52.89 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.136 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm
Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement
As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 20.87 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 20.87 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m
 → (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.135 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 20.87 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 40.69 = 52.89 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 52.89 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 52.89 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.136 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 20.87 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 20.87 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0
(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4
= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.135 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 20.87 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN
Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces
dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 30.47 = 39.62 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 39.62 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 39.62 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.102 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31
The nominal axial strength
Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 20.87 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
 → The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 20.87 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.135 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 20.87 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 5.96 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 5.96 + 0.25 * 0 = 5.96 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69
→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 5.96 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 5.96 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 5.96 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.02 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.02 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.02 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.02 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.02 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.02
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.02 - 0.02 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 1600 / 360 = 4.44 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.02 = 0.04 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.04 + 0 = 0.04 mm
(Total deflection = 0.04 mm) < (l / 240 = 6.67 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 270
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B7
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 3.2 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 46.95 54.26 35.48
Shear Forces kN 54.78 44.35 54.78

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 233.03 = 302.94 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 302.94 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 302.94 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.408 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2
Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)
= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 54.78 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 54.78 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.368 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 54.78 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 270.28 = 351.37 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 351.37 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 351.37 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.472 < 1 → Ok
5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3
nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc
Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 44.35 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 44.35 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.298 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 44.35 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 175.12 = 227.66 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 227.66 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 227.66 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled
Design flexural strength
φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.309 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 54.78 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 54.78 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.368 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 54.78 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm
s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm
∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 38.76 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 38.76 + 0.25 * 0 = 38.76 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 38.76 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 38.76)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1389.96 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 38.76 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 38.76)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1389.96 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 38.76 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 38.76)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1389.96 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.51 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1389.96 * 10^6] = 1.33 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.51 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1389.96 * 10^6] = 1.33
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.51 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1389.96 * 10^6] =
1.33 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 1.33 - 1.33 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 3200 / 360 = 8.89 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 1.33 = 2.32 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 2.32 + 0 = 2.32 mm

(Total deflection = 2.32 mm) < (l / 240 = 13.33 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 271
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B10
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 2 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 13.04 13.04 9.78
Shear Forces kN 26.09 26.09 26.09

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 63.68 = 82.79 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 82.79 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 82.79 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.212 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 26.09 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 26.09 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
 = greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.169 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 26.09 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 63.68 = 82.79 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 82.79 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 82.79 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.212 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN
The nominal flexural strengths
Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 26.09 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 26.09 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.169 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 26.09 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm
The resultant compression force C
C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 47.69 = 61.99 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 61.99 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 61.99 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.159 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
 545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 26.09 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 26.09 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.169 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 26.09 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 9.32 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 9.32 + 0.25 * 0 = 9.32 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 9.32 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 9.32 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 9.32 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.06 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.06 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.06 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.06 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.06 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.06
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.06 - 0.06 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2000 / 360 = 5.56 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.06 = 0.1 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.1 + 0 = 0.1 mm

(Total deflection = 0.1 mm) < (l / 240 = 8.33 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 272
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B11
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 2.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 22.72 25.56 22.72
Shear Forces kN 36.52 24.35 36.52

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200
5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)
----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 111.46 = 144.9 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 144.9 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 144.9 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.369 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2
Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)
= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 36.52 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 36.52 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.237 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 36.52 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 125.56 = 163.23 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 163.23 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 163.23 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.415 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2
Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2
= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 24.35 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 24.35 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.158 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 24.35 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
 ● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 111.46 = 144.9 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 144.9 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 144.9 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m
Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.369 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 36.52 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 36.52 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.237 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 36.52 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok
∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 18.26 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 18.26 + 0.25 * 0 = 18.26 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 18.26 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[sus](+) = 18.26 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 18.26 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

 → (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.2 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.2 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.2 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.2 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.2 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.2 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.2 - 0.2 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 2800 / 360 = 7.78 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.2 = 0.36 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.36 + 0 = 0.36 mm

(Total deflection = 0.36 mm) < (l / 240 = 11.67 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 274
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B16
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB3
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 4.6 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
 END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 75.52 95.81 72.64
Shear Forces kN 71.23 49.29 72.25

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 380.24 = 494.31 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 494.31 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 494.31 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.657 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408
Check if the section is tension controlled or not
εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 71.23 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 71.23 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
→ Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(71.23 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) =
0.034 mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN
Vu/φVn = 0.479 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 5.58 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement
d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

As.min = larger of [(0.25 * √f'c / fy) bw * d , 1.4 * bw * d / fy] 9.6.1.2
= larger of [(0.25 * √24 / 420) 200 * 525.5 , 1.4 * 200 * 525.5 / 420]
= larger of [306.48 mm^2 , 350.33 mm^2]
= 350.33 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 350.33 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.834 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 49.29 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 49.29 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m
 → (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.331 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 49.29 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
2 2 14 94
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 74.57 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 74.57 = 63.39 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 63.39 * 200 * 0.001 = 258.62 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- --------- --------- --------
545 -0.018925 -420 -129.31
 506 -0.017356 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 127.71 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 525.5 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 615.76 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 365.2 = 474.76 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 474.76 mm^2
∵ (As = 615.76 mm^2) > (As.min = 474.76 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0189

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0189) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 127.71 = 114.94 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.632 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 87.53 kN
= max of [87.53 , 0] → Vc = 87.53 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 216.25 kN

∵ (Vc = 87.53 kN) < (Vc.max = 216.25 kN) → Vc = 87.53 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 72.25 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (87.53 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 525.5 *
0.001) = 320.51 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 72.25 kN) > (φ Vc = 0.75 * 87.53 = 65.65 kN)
 → Av/s = (Vu - φ Vc)/(φ fyt d) = [(72.25 - 0.75 * 87.53) * 1000] / (0.75 * 420 * 525.5) = 0.04
mm^2/m

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 525.5 * 0.001 = 110.94 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (110.94 + 87.53) = 148.85 kN , 320.51 kN]
= 148.85 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.485 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu - φ Vc = 6.6 kN) < (φ 0.33 √f'c bw d = 127.43 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 525.5 / 2 = 262.75 mm]
= 262.75 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 525.5 mm]
= 525.5 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 525.5 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 262.75 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 68.44 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 68.44 + 0.25 * 0 = 68.44 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 615.76 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.037 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 615.76) = 0.442
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.037 * 525.5 * (1 + 0.442 * 55 / 525.5) + (1 + 0.442)^2) - (1 + 0.442)] / 0.037 =
137.2 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (137.2)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 615.76 * (525.5 - 137.2)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (137.2 -
55)^2 = 994.61 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 68.44 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 68.44)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1094.45 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[sus](+) = 68.44 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[sus](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 68.44)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1094.45 * 10^6 mm^4

M.[D+L](+) = 68.44 kN.m > 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Icr / [1 - ((2 Mcr /3) / M.[D+L](+))^2 (1 - Icr / Ig)] Table 24.2.3.5(b)
= 994.61 * 10^6 / [1 - (24.3 / 68.44)^2 (1 - (994.61 * 10^6) /
(3600 * 10^6))]
= 1094.45 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 1.89 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1094.45 * 10^6] = 6.21 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 1.89 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1094.45 * 10^6] = 6.21
mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 1.89 * [3600 * 10^6] / [1094.45 * 10^6] =
6.21 mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 6.21 - 6.21 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 4600 / 360 = 12.78 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 525.5) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.74

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.74 * 6.21 = 10.83 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 10.83 + 0 = 10.83 mm

(Total deflection = 10.83 mm) < (l / 240 = 19.17 mm) → Ok

**************************************************************************************
Beam: 276
**************************************************************************************

1. General Information
======================
Beam Label B17
Beam Story PLINTH BEAMS
Beam Mark PB1
Design Code ACI 318-19

2. Material Properties
======================
Concrete Type: normalweight
f'c 24 MPa
fy 420 MPa
fyt 420 MPa
fyl 420 MPa

3. Beam Geometry and Properties

===============================
MRF Type Beam is not Part of the SFRS
Beam Section Rec Section
Support Condition Simply supported
Beam Clear Span 1.8 m
Clear Cover 40 mm
dagg 20 mm
Beam Width 200 mm
Beam Depth 600 mm

4. The Factored Bending Moments & Shear Forces for The Beam Along the Span
==========================================================================
END (I) MIDDLE END (J)
------------------------ ------- ------ -------
Bending Moments (-) kN.m 0 0 0
Bending Moments (+) kN.m 10.56 10.56 7.92
Shear Forces kN 23.48 23.48 23.48

5. Beam Sections
================
5.1 Section: END (I)
********************
5.1.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.1.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 51.51 = 66.96 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 66.96 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 66.96 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.171 < 1 → Ok

5.1.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.1.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2
Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2
= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 23.48 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 23.48 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.152 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 23.48 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.2 Section: MIDDLE

*******************
5.2.1 Reinforcement
 ● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.2.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 51.51 = 66.96 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 66.96 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 66.96 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m
Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.171 < 1 → Ok

5.2.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.2.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 23.48 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 23.48 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.152 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 23.48 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
= 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok
∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

5.3 Section: END (J)

********************
5.3.1 Reinforcement
● Top Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Top Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- -----------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Bottom Layers
Layer No No. Bars in The Layer Bars Diameter Layer Distance from Member Bottom Face
-------- --------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
1 2 14 55
● Stirrups: 2-P8@200

5.3.2 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Positive)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 38.59 = 50.16 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 50.16 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 50.16 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m

Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0.129 < 1 → Ok

5.3.3 Check Bending Moment Capacity (Negative)

----------------------------------------------
Stress block depth factor β1
∵ 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 → β1 = 0.85 Table 22.2.2.4.3(a)

Depth to neutral axis c

c = 37.29 mm

Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a

a = β1 * c 22.2.2.4.1
= 0.85 * 37.29 = 31.69 mm

The resultant compression force C

C = 0.85 * f'c * a * bw = 0.85 * 24 * 31.69 * 200 * 0.001 = 129.31 kN

Summary of Reinforcement Strains, Stresses and Forces

dsi (mm) εsi fsi (MPa) Fsi (kN)
-------- -------- --------- --------
545 -0.04085 -420 -129.31

The nominal axial strength

Pn = C + ΣFsi = 0 kN

The nominal flexural strengths

Mn = 0.5 C (h - a) + Σ [Fsi (0.5 h - di)]
Mn = 68.42 kN.m

Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement

d = 545 mm

Area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement

As = 307.88 mm^2

Minimum area of flexural reinforcement

∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (1.3 As.req = 1.3 * 0 = 0 mm^2) 9.6.1.3
→ As.min = 1.3 As.req = 0 mm^2
∵ (As = 307.88 mm^2) > (As.min = 0 mm^2) → ok

Net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement

εt = 0.0408

Check if the section is tension controlled or not

εty = fy / Es = 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
∵ (εt = 0.0408) ≥ (εty + 0.003 = 0.0051) → The Section is Tension controlled

Design flexural strength

φ = 0.90 Table 21.2.2(f)
φMn = 0.90 * 68.42 = 61.58 kN.m
Design Ratio
Mu / φMn = 0 < 1 → Ok

5.3.4 Check for Shear

---------------------
Concrete weight modification factor λ
λ = 1 19.2.4.3

nominal shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Ag = bw * h = 200* 600 = 120000 mm^2

Nu/6Ag = min of [Nu/6Ag , 0.05f'c] 22.5.5.1.2

= min of [0 / (6 * 120000) , 0.05 * 24]
= min of [0 , 1.2 ]
= 0 N/mm^2

Vc = [0.17 λ √f'c + Nu/6Ag] bw d Table 22.5.5.1(a)

= [0.17 * 1 * √24 + 0] * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 90.78 kN
= max of [90.78 , 0] → Vc = 90.78 kN

Check Maximum Vc
Vc.max = 0.42 λ √f'c bw d 22.5.5.1.1
= 0.42 * 1 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001 = 224.28 kN

∵ (Vc = 90.78 kN) < (Vc.max = 224.28 kN) → Vc = 90.78 kN

→ Check the adequacy of the cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

∵ (Vu = 23.48 kN) < (φ (Vc + 0.66 √f'c bw d) = 0.75 * (90.78 + 0.66 * √24 * 200 * 545 * 0.001)
= 332.41 kN) 22.5.1.2
→ The cross-sectional dimensions are adequate

→ Determine the required transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 23.48 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN )
→ Av/s = 0

(Av/s).min = greater of [0.062 √f'c bw / fyt , 0.35 bw / fyt] 9.6.3.4

= greater of [0.062 * √24 * 200 / 420 , 0.35 * 200 / 420]
= greater of [0.145 , 0.167]
= 0.167 mm^2/m

→ (Av/s).required = 0.167 mm^2/m

→ Check provided shear reinforcement

(Av/s).provided = (2 * π * 8^2 / 4) / 200 = 0.503 mm^2/mm

Vs = (Av/s).provided * fyt * d = 0.503 * 420 * 545 * 0.001 = 115.06 kN

φVn = min of [φ (Vs + Vc) = 0.75 (115.06 + 90.78) = 154.38 kN , 332.41 kN]
= 154.38 kN

Vu/φVn = 0.152 < 1 → Ok

Check Spacing of provided transverse reinforcement

∵ (Vu = 23.48 kN) < (φ Vc = 0.75 * 90.78 = 68.08 kN)
(s.max).[along Beam Length] = min of [600 mm, d / 2] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm, 545 / 2 = 272.5 mm]
= 272.5 mm
(s.max).[across Beam Width] = min of [600 mm , d] Table 9.7.6.2.2
= min of [600 mm , 545 mm]
 = 545 mm

s.(Across Beam Width) = (bw - 2c - ds) / (No.Legs - 1) = (200 - 2 * 40 - 8) / (2 - 1) = 112 mm

∵ [s.(Across Beam Width) = 112 mm] < [s.max (Across Beam Width) = 545 mm] → Ok

∵ [s = 200 mm] < [s.max (Along Beam Length) = 272.5 mm] → Ok

6 Check Beam Deflection

=======================
→ Service bending moments:
Start (-) Middle (+) End (-)
---------- --------- ---------- -------
M.D (kN.m) 0 7.55 0
M.L (kN.m) 0 0 0

The sustained positive and negative bending moments are the following where 0.25 percent of the
live load is sustained:
[M.sus(-)][Start] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m
[M.sus(+)][Middle] = 7.55 + 0.25 * 0 = 7.55 kN.m
[M.sus(-)][End] = 0 + 0.25 * 0 = 0 kN.m

→ Determine the material properties of the concrete and reinforcing steel

λ = 1 19.2.4.3
fr = 0.62 λ √f'c 19.2.3.1
= 0.62 * 1 * √24 = 3.04 MPa
Ec = 4700 √f'c 19.2.2.1.b
= 4700 * √24 = 23025.2 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa 20.2.2.2
Modular ratio n = Es / Ec = 200000 / 23025.2 = 8.69

→ Section : MIDDLE
------------------
→ Determine the gross and cracked moments of inertia
****************************************************
The gross section properties of the beam are the following:
yt = h / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 mm
Ig = bw * h^3 / 12 = 200 * 600^3 / 12 = 3600 * 10^6 mm^4
As = 307.88 mm^2
A's = 307.88 mm^2

The cracked section properties are the following:

a1 = bw / (n * As) = 200 / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.075 mm
a2 = [(n-1) A's] / (n * As) = [(8.69 - 1) * 307.88] / (8.69 * 307.88) = 0.885
kd = [√(2 a1 d (1 + [a2 d']/d) + (1 + a2)^2) - (1 + a2)] / a1
= [√(2 * 0.075 * 545 * (1 + 0.885 * 55 / 545) + (1 + 0.885)^2) - (1 + 0.885)] / 0.075 =
103.29 mm

Icr = bw (kd)^3 / 3 + n As (d-kd)^2 + (n-1) A's (kd-d')^2

= 200 * (103.29)^3 / 3 + 8.69 * 307.88 * (545 - 103.29)^2 + (8.69 - 1) * 307.88 * (103.29 -
55)^2 = 600.76 * 10^6 mm^4

→ Determine the effective moment of inertia

Mcr = fr Ig / yt 24.2.3.5
= [3.04 * 3600 * 10^6 / 300] * 10^-6 = 36.45 kN.m

M.[D](+) = 7.55 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)
M.[sus](+) = 7.55 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m
→ (Ie).[sus](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

M.[D+L](+) = 7.55 kN.m < 2Mcr / 3 = 24.3 kN.m

→ (Ie).[D+L](+) = Ig =3600000000 mm^4 Table 24.2.3.5(a)

→ Determine the immediate deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection for live
loads
(Δ.i)[D] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D] * Ig / (Ieff).D = 0.03 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.03 mm
(Δ.i)[sus] = (Δ.i) [Ig][sus] * Ig / (Ieff).sus = 0.03 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.03 mm
(Δ.i)[D+L] = (Δ.i) [Ig][D+L] = Ig / (Ieff).(D+L) = 0.03 * [3600 * 10^6] / [3600 * 10^6] = 0.03
mm
(Δ.i)[L] = (Δ.i)[D+L] - (Δ.i)[D] = 0.03 - 0.03 = 0 mm

(Δ.i)[L].max = l / 360 = 1800 / 360 = 5 mm > (Δ.i)[L] = 0] mm] → Ok

→ Determine the time-dependent deflections and check the maximum permissible deflection
A 60-month duration of loading:
→ ξ = 2 Table 24.2.4.1.3

ρ' = A's / (b * d) = 307.88 / (200 * 545) = 0.003

λΔ = ξ / [1 + 50 ρ'] 24.2.4.1.1
= 2 / [1 + 50 * 0.003] = 1.75

The time-dependent deflection due to creep and shrinkage is equal to the following:
Δ.cs = λΔ * (Δ.i)[sus] = 1.75 * 0.03 = 0.06 mm
Total deflection = Δ.cs + (Δ.i)[L] = 0.06 + 0 = 0.06 mm

(Total deflection = 0.06 mm) < (l / 240 = 7.5 mm) → Ok

SAFE 21.1.0 10/24/2023

3D MODEL_V2016.FDB Plan View - Story1 - Z = 0 (m)

SAFE 21.1.0 10/24/2023
N/C N/C N/C N/C

N/C N/C N/C N/C

0.496 0.468
0.75

0.523

0.765 0.767
0.743 0.711

0.453

0.778 0.507 0.514

0.712

0.257 0.465

0.447 0.364

0.468
0.332
0.461 N/C

N/C N/C

3D MODEL_V2016.FDB
Plan View - Story1 - Z = 0 (m) Punching Shear D/C Ratios/Shear Reinforcement
SAFE 21.1.0 10/24/2023

-150

-150 -142 -137 -125 -112 -100 -87 -75 -62 -50 -37 -25 -12 0
3D MODEL_V2016.FDB
Plan View - Story1 - Z = 0 (m) Soil Pressures (S2:D+L) [kN/m²]
SAFE 21.1.0 10/24/2023

-200 -162 -123 -85 -46 -8 31 69 108 146 185 223 262 300
3D MODEL_V2016.FDB
Plan View - Story1 - Z = 0 (m) Resultant M22 Diagram (U2:1.4D+1.6L) [kN-m/m]
SAFE 21.1.0 10/24/2023

-100 -69 -38 -8 23 54 85 115 146 177 208 238 269 300
3D MODEL_V2016.FDB
Plan View - Story1 - Z = 0 (m) Resultant M11 Diagram (U2:1.4D+1.6L) [kN-m/m]