8

ENGLISH
Quarter 4: Module 2
Week 2
Expanding the Content of an Outline Using Notes
from Primary and Secondary Sources

1
About the Module
This module consists of the following:
Pre-Test
Lesson 1: Types of Outline
Lesson 2: Expanding the Content of an Outline
Lesson 3: Expanding the Content of an Outline Using Notes from Primary and
Secondary Sources
Post-Test

General Directions: In answering the activities in this

module, use separate sheets of paper.

What I Need to Know

As you embark a meaningful journey in this quarter, tap your shoulder
because this means that you have almost completed your undertaking as
a Grade 8 learner. Having gone this far is not a coincidence, rather a
convincing proof that you have the qualities to become a successful
individual in the future. To further elaborate communication in written
forms, this module is carefully crafted specially for you. Have fun in
learning!

After going through this module, you are expected

to:
❖ identify the types of outline;
❖ write a topic outline based on the given
paragraph;
❖ construct a short paragraph from the
sentence outline; and
❖ expand the content of an outline into a
paragraph using notes from primary and
secondary sources.

2
 DAY 1

Pre-Test
Directions: Read each item carefully and write only the letter of your chosen answer.

1. What is a general plan of a material that is to be presented in a speech or a paper?

A. an outline B. a graph C. a table D. a diagram
2. Which of the following statements is NOT a purpose of an outline?
A. It shows the order of the various topics.
B. It presents the topic sentence of the paragraph.
C. It presents the relative importance of the various parts.
D. It serves as the plan or framework on how to go about or present something.
3. What type of outline shows headings in single words or brief phrases?
A. sentence outline B. topic outline C. phrase outline D. brief outline
4. What type of outline shows all headings in complete sentences?
A. sentence outline B. topic outline C. phrase outline D. brief outline
For item numbers 5 and 6, what types of outline are shown in the examples below?
Topic: Common Societal Problems
5. A. topic outline
I. Family Problems
A. Custodial: Non-custodial Conflicts B. brief outline
B. Extended Family
C. Adolescent's Age C. phrase outline
II. Economic Problems
A. Child Support
D. sentence outline
B. Women's Job Training
C. Lower Standard of Living
D. Possible Relocation
1. Poorer Neighborhood
2. New School
III. Peer Problems
A. Loss of Friends
B. Relationships with Dates

6.
I. Writers need time to plan.
A. Writers need time to plan to meet the
audience’s needs. A. topic outline
B. Writers need time to plan a viable thesis.
C. Writers need time to plan adequate support. B. brief outline
D. Writers need time to plan adequate evidence. C. phrase outline
II. Writers need time to compose.
A. Writers need time to compose; thus, reducing D. sentence outline
stress.
B. Writers need time to compose; thus,
regaining spontaneity.
III. Writers need time to polish.
A. Writers need time to edit for habitual errors.
B. Writers need time to edit for clarity.
C. Writers need time to edit for fluency.

3
7. In expanding outline to a paragraph, what words are used to achieve coherence?
A. transition words B. verbals C. nouns D. adjectives
Choose the appropriate transition words to be used in the following sentences:
8. She has lived in France; _______________, she speaks French fluently.
A. so that B. nevertheless C. consequently D. however
9. It is very late; ___________, you must go to bed.
A. that is B. secondly C. thus D. because
10. He is only 17;____________, not eligible to vote.
A. therefore B. as soon as C. also D. whereas
11. What source of information has first-hand accounts of a topic coming from the people who
had a direct connection with it?
A. secondary B. primary C. documentary D. reliable
12. What are these sources which are one step removed from primary sources?
A. secondary B. primary C. documentary D. reliable
13. The following examples are primary sources, EXCEPT _________________.
A. diaries B. artifacts C. biographies D. letters
14. What sources of information do newspaper articles, textbooks, and dictionaries belong?
A. secondary B. primary C. documentary D. reliable
15. Which set of sources of information is NOT an information about secondary sources?
A. encyclopedias, atlases, and dictionaries
B. include books about a topic, analysis or interpretation of data
C. a piece of evidence created by someone at the time of an event
D. information created by someone who was not present at an event

4
 DAY 2

Lesson Types of Outline

1

What I Need to Know

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:
1. identify the types of outline;
2. write a topic outline based on the given paragraph; and
3. state the importance of writing outlines.

What's In
Directions: Guess the magic word which relates to the three pictures below.
Write your answer inside the boxes that follow.

https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/2945097/arrow https://yourartpath.com/types-of-line-
_bottom_box_outside_icon in-art-meaning

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/9007267983655919/ https://dohwan.tistory.com/375

_____________________
Process Questions:
1. What is the word?
2. How did you guess the word?

5
 What’s New

An outline is a general plan of the material that is to be presented in a speech or a paper.

The outline shows the order of the various topics, the relative importance of each, and the
relationship between the various parts. It is a list that shows the system wherein ideas are
ranked one above the other according to importance of topics or ideas. This will serve as the
plan or framework on how to go about or present something.

What Is It

Two Main Types of Outline

❖ Topic Outline- the headings are given in single words or brief phrases.
Several aspects must be considered in writing a topic outline.
1. Recall that all headings and subheadings must be words or phrases, not sentences.
2. Also, the wording within each division must be parallel.

Example of Topic Outline

Topic: The Effects of Alcohol and Drug Abuse
I. Economic Effects
A. high cost of alcohol
1. enormous costs of DUIs
2. continuous rise of alcohol costs
B. high cost of drug abuse
1. high bail and court cost
2. fluctuating drug cost
II. Physical Effects
A. physical problems
1. cirrhosis of the liver
2. poisoning and death
B. physical implications
1. damage of brain tissue
2. overdose and death

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❖ Sentence Outline- all the headings are expressed in complete sentences.

Note: If you have chosen to write a sentence outline, all headings and sub-headings
must be in sentence form.

Example of Sentence Outline

Topic: The Effects of Alcohol and Drug Abuse
I. Alcohol and drug abuse can affect one economically.
A. The cost of alcohol abuse is high and getting higher.
1. The costs of DUIs can be enormous.
2. Alcohol costs are always rising because of rising production
costs as well as state and local taxes.
B. The cost of drug abuse can be high.
1. Even the arrest for the possession of a minute amount of
drugs can result in high bail and court cost.
2. The cost of drugs fluctuates drastically according to the type
of drug, its availability, and the amount.
II. Alcohol and drug abuse can affect one physically.
A. Alcohol and drug abuse can cause physical problems.
1. The most common disease among alcoholics is cirrhosis of
the liver.
2. The massive consumption of alcohol can lead to alcohol
poisoning and death.
B. Drug abuse has many physical implications.
1. Drug abuse has been linked to the damage of brain tissue.
2. The unpredictability of drugs can lead to an overdose and
death.

7
 Rules for Outlining

1. Subdivide topics by a system of numbers and letters, followed by a period.

Example:
I.
A.
B.
1.
2.
a.
b.
II.
A.
B.

2. Each heading and subheading must have at least two parts.

3. Headings for parts of the paper of speech, such as Introduction and Conclusion,
should not be used.
4. Be consistent. Do not mix up the two types of outlines. Use either whole sentences of
brief phrases, but not both.

As in any outline, remember that a division or subdivision cannot be divided into one
part; therefore, if there is an "A" there must be a "B," and if there is a "1" there must be a "2."

What I Can Do
Directions: Identify whether the example is a topic outline or a sentence outline.

1. __________________

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2. ________________ 3. ____________________

What I Have Learned

Directions: Explain the importance of writing outlines.

Writing outlines is important because

____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

What’s More
Directions: Read the short essay carefully. Then, accomplish the topic outline
below. Some parts are already given as your guide.

What Makes a Happy Family

Family is one of the pillars of society. It is no wonder that Tolstoy’s "Happy

families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way" is one of the most
famous family-related quotes. So what makes a happy family?
Children that grew up in happy families often say that their family was brought
closer together by small rituals and family traditions. Certain dishes on certain days,
special cakes for their birthdays, traditional road trips every year. These things provide
a sense of belonging and security. Other people say that having at least one meal a day
together was the most important custom of all. Having dinner together regularly, despite
busy schedules, allows families to talk and bond with one another.
Many psychologists and parents believe that "a family that laughs together, stays
together." Lots of people will tell you that laughter, fun and games are one of the key
aspects of a close-knit family. The choice of games can vary – board games, charades,
puzzles, video games, etc; anything that gets everyone involved is an option!
Believe it or not, many happy families claim that even household chores can be
good bonding activities. Activities like cleaning windows, doing dishes, or raking the back
yard give good opportunities to talk and catch up.

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 Topic: What Makes A Happy Family
I. Small Rituals and Traditions
A. certain dishes on certain days
B. ________________
C. ________________
D. ________________

II. Fun and Games

A. ________________
B. ________________
C. puzzles
D. ________________

III. Sharing Household Chores

A. _________________
B. doing dishes
C. _________________

DAY 3

Lesson Expanding the Content of an

2 Outline to a Paragraph

What I Need to Know

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:
1. construct a short paragraph from the sentence outline provided; and
2. express learning gained from the lesson.

What's In
Directions: Copy the outline and fill in with the words or phrases that relate to the
topic. Then answer the questions that follow
Select from the given choices below:

* to chat with friends

Social Media * view photos of friends
* give latest update and current events
I. Facebook’s Purposes * group messaging
* online bank transaction
A. ____________________
B. ____________________
II. Messenger’s Purposes Process Question: Does the outline
help you in understanding the text?
A. ____________________ How?
B. ____________________

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 What’s New
Expanding the Content of an Outline to a Paragraph

Outlines make you think about the topic and help you to organize your ideas. These
provide you with main ideas through words, phrases, and sentences which are used
as the main contents when you expand the outline into paragraph.

What Is It

Here is an example of how you can expand your outline into a paragraph.
Pattern Filling in the Pieces

I. Topic sentence I. Topic sentence: Having a job

that is close to home is what
A. Supporting Idea makes a job great.

1. explanation, fact, example A. short distance

2. explanation, fact, example 1. fast commute time
2. less gas
B. Supporting Idea
B. walk or cycle
1. explanation, fact, example 1. great exercise
2. explanation, fact, example 2. good for the environment

II. Concluding sentence II. Concluding sentence: An ideal

job is near home.

Paragraph in the Essay

Having a job that is close to home is what makes a

job great. First, it is a short distance to travel. The
commute will save time, gas and money. Secondly,
being close to work allows employees to walk or
cycle. The walk or bicycle ride is great exercise.
Moreover, walking or biking to work is good for the
environment. In conclusion, an ideal job is near
home.

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 In following the flow, it is easy for you to develop a paragraph.
Technically, it is also important for you to use transition words to
achieve coherence in your paragraph.
Here are the common transition words:
Addition: also, again, equally, and, then, moreover, in fact, indeed,
too
Comparison and Contrast: in comparison, compared with, besides,
but, naturally, nevertheless, whereas, while, however
Time and Sequence: after, before, afterward, finally, next, secondly,
at first, then, as soon as, while, for as long as
Summary/Conclusion: in all, therefore, in summary, basically, in
brief, overall, to sum up, altogether
Example: for example, for instance, thus, such as , to illustrate
Inference: if not, in that case, otherwise, then

What I Can Do
Directions: Write a short paragraph from the details of the sentence outline
below. Use appropriate transition words.

Competitive Swimming, an Ideal Sport for Kids

Introduction: Competitive swimming is a great alternative to other youth sports.
I. Competitive swimming provides the same benefits as other sports.
A. It is a good exercise and builds muscular strength.
B. It promotes cooperation among team members, especially in relays.
II. Competitive swimming provides some unique additional benefits.
A. Swimming is an important skill that can be used forever.
B. Swimming poses a reduced risk of injury.
C. Each swimmer can easily chart his or her own progress.
Conclusion: There are many reasons why competitive swimming is a great alternative to
other youth sports.
A. Swimming is a great exercise and a worthwhile hobby.
B. Swimming is a life skill that can save us from dying.

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Answer Here:
___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Directions: Write your learning from the lesson by completing the statement
below.
In expanding an outline into a paragraph, I have learned that
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________.

What’s More
Directions: Modified True or False. Write True if the statement is correct . If
the statement is False, write the correct answer on the blank before each
number.

__________1. Transition words help in achieving coherence in your

paragraph.
__________2. Sentence outline use headings in words and phrases.
__________3. Outline makes you think about the topic and help you organize
your ideas.

DAY 4

Lesson Expanding the Content of an Outline

Using Notes from Primary and
3 Secondary Sources

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 What I Need to Know
After going through this lesson, you are expected to:
1. write a sentence outline and use different sources of information; and
2. expand the sentence outline into a paragraph; and
3. express learning gained from the lesson.

What's In
Directions: Refer to the examples and pictures below. Write in your answer
sheet whether the information in each column is a primary or
secondary source of information.

1. 2.

A piece of evidence created by Information created by someone who

someone at the time of the event. was not present at an event, after an
event happened.
Examples include:
* Letters Examples include:
* Diaries * Newspaper articles
* Government records * Textbooks
* Autobiographies * Biographies
* Artifact * Encyclopedias
* Computer software * Dictionaries
* Atlases

Process Questions:
1. What are examples of primary sources of information? How about
secondary sources?
2. How do these sources help us in making our paragraphs?

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 What’s New
Primary and Secondary Sources of Information

Primary Sources
are immediate, first-hand accounts of a topic, from people who had a direct

connection with it. Primary sources can include: texts of laws and other original

documents, newspaper reports by reporters who witnessed an event or who quote

people who did, speeches, diaries, letters and interviews - what the people involved

said or wrote, original research, datasets, survey data, such as census or economic

statistics, photographs, video, or audio that capture an event.

Secondary Sources
are one step removed from primary sources, though they often quote or otherwise use

primary sources. They can cover the same topic, but add a layer of interpretation and

analysis. Secondary sources can include: most books about a topic, analysis or

interpretation of data, scholarly or other articles about a topic, especially by people

not directly involved, documentaries (though they often include photos or video

portions that can be considered primary sources).

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 What Is It

Why should you use notes from primary and secondary sources in expanding
the outline to a paragraph?

When you support your claims with appropriate

sources, this adds credibility to your writing because it
means that you are not backing up your sentences
with hearsays and ideas from unreliable sources.

What I Can Do
Directions: The image below is a woman marathoner from Cebu City, Mary Joy
Tabal, who championed in running. Make a sentence outline about
running and use primary and/or secondary sources of information. Do
not forget to cite your sources. Follow the guide below.

https://www.runsociety.com/interviews/philippines-women-marathoners/

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 I. Introduction
II. Benefits of Running
A.
B.
C.
III. Conclusion

Sources: _____________________________________

What I Have Learned

Directions: Write your learning about the lesson by completing the statement
below.

What are the benefits of using primary and secondary sources of information
when we write a paragraph?

The benefits of using primary and secondary sources of information in writing

a paragraph are ______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
What’s More
Directions: Expand the sentence outline about running (in What I Can Do) to
a paragraph. Your score is based on the criteria below.

___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.

Content 5 pts.
Organization 5 pts.
Grammar 5 pts.
TOTAL: 15 PTS.

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 DAY 5

Post-Test

Directions: Read each item carefully and write only the letter of your answer.

1. What is a general plan of a material that is to be presented in a speech or a paper?

A. a diagram B. a graph C. a table D. an outline
2. What type of outline shows all headings in complete sentences?
A. phrase outline B. topic outline C. sentence outline D. brief outline
3. What type of outline shows headings in single words or brief phrases?
A. sentence outline B. brief outline C. phrase outline D. topic outline
4. Which of the following statements is NOT a purpose of an outline?
A. It serves as the plan or framework on how to go about or present something.
B. It presents the relative importance of the various parts.
C. It presents the topic sentence of the paragraph.
D. It shows the order of the various topics.
For item numbers 5 and 6, what types of outline are shown in the examples below?

5. I. Writers need time to plan.

A. Writers need time to plan to meet the
audience’s needs.
B. Writers need time to plan a viable thesis.
C. Writers need time to plan adequate support. A. sentence outline
D. Writers need time to plan adequate evidence.
II. Writers need time to compose. B. phrase outline
A. Writers need time to compose; thus, reducing
C. brief outline
stress.
B. Writers need time to compose; thus, D. topic outline
regaining spontaneity.
III. Writers need time to polish.
A. Writers need time to edit for habitual errors.
B. Writers need time to edit for clarity.
C. Writers need time to edit for fluency.

Topic: Common Societal Problems

I. Family Problems
6. A. Custodial: Non-custodial Conflicts
B. Extended Family
C. Adolescent's Age
II. Economic Problems
A. sentence outline
A. Child Support B. phrase outline
B. Women's Job Training
C. Lower Standard of Living C. brief outline
D. Possible Relocation
1. Poorer Neighborhood D. topic outline
2. New School
III. Peer Problems
A. Loss of Friends
B. Relationships with Dates

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7. In expanding outline to a paragraph, what words will be used to achieve coherence?
A. transition words B. verbals C. nouns D. adjectives
Choose the appropriate transition words to be used in the sentences.
8. She has lived in France; _______________, she speaks French fluently.
A. consequently B. nevertheless C. so that D. however
9. He is only 17;____________, not eligible to vote.
A. therefore B. as soon as C. also D. whereas
10. It is very late; ___________, you must go to bed.
A. that is B. secondly C. because D. thus
11. What are these sources which are one step removed from primary sources?
A. secondary B. primary C. documentary D. reliable
12. What source of information has first-hand accounts of a topic and is coming from the
people who had a direct connection with it?
A. secondary B. documentary C. primary D. reliable
13. The following examples are primary sources, EXCEPT ____________.
A. diaries B. artifacts C. biographies D. letters
14. Newspaper articles, textbooks, and dictionaries are examples of _________ source.
A. secondary B. primary C. documentary D. reliable
15. Which is NOT an information about secondary sources?
A. information created by someone who was not present at an event
B. a piece of evidence created by someone at the time of an event
C. include books about a topic, analysis or interpretation of data
D. encyclopedias, atlases, and dictionaries

19
 Answer Key

III. A. cleaning windows C. raking the back yard

II. A. board games B. charades D. video games
D. having dinner together regularly
B. special cakes for their birthdays C. traditional road trips every year
What’s More
What I have Learned- answer may vary
3. sentence outline
2. topic outline
1. topic outline
What I Can Do
Answer: outline
What’ In
Lesson 1

Performance Output
3. True What’s More
2. Topic outline
What I have Learned- answer may vary
1. True
Answers may vary
What’s More
What I have Learned- answer may vary What I Can Do
primary source vs. secondary source
Simply form a new paragraph following the flow of the ideas.
What’ In
What I Can Do
Lesson 3
II. A. to chat with friends B. group messaging
I. A. view photos of friends B. give latest updates and current events
What’ In
Lesson 2

References
Online Sources

“Examples of Primary Sources.” Lib.uci.edu, Accessed April 14, 2021

>https://www.lib.uci.edu/examples-primary-sources

“Example of Topic Outline.” Oakton Community College, Accessed April 14, 2021
>https://www.oakton.edu/studentservices/learning_center/tutoring/research_pape
r_tips/topic_outline.php

“How to Make a Formal Outline.” Cutoutandkeep.net, Accessed April 14, 2021

>https://www.cutoutandkeep.net/projects/how-to-write-a-formal-outline

“How To Write an Outline.” Ndsu.edu, Accessed April 14, 2021

>https://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~cinichol/271/OutlinesHowTo.htm#:~:text=The%
20two%20main%20types%20of,are%20expressed%20in%20complete%20sente
nces.

“Primary and Secondary Sources.” Weebly.com, Accessed May 4, 2021

>https://kmslmclessons.weebly.com/primary-and-secondary-sources.html

20
“Primary vs. Secondary Sources.” Libguides.com, Accessed May 4, 2021
>https://umb.libguides.com/PrimarySources/secondary

“Sample Essays with Short Paragraphs.” Teachervision.com, Accessed May 4,

2021 >https://www.teachervision.com/writing/sample-essay-outlines

“Sample Paragraph with Cohesive Devices.” Slideplayer.com, Accessed May 4,

2021
>https://slideplayer.com/slide/14604073/

“Topic and Sentence Outlines.” Shsd.org, Accessed April 14, 2021

>http://www.shsd.org/common/pages/DisplayFile.aspx?itemId=677784

Images

Arrow Outside Box, Accessed December 4, 2021

https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/2945097/arrow_bottom_box_outside_icon

Bright Idea Icon, Accessed May 7, 2021

https://depositphotos.com/vector-images/bright-idea.html

Broken Lines, Accessed December 4, 2021

https://yourartpath.com/types-of-line-in-art-meaning

Creating an Outline, Accessed April 14, 2021

https://www.slideshare.net/CamillePurugganan/creating-an-outline-32088330

How to Write an Outline, Accessed April 14, 2021

https://academichelp.net/general-writing-tips/writing-process/outline.html
Mary Joy Tabal, Accessed December 4, 2021
https://www.runsociety.com/interviews/philippines-women-marathoners/

Paper Icon, Accessed May 7, 2021

https://www.dreamstime.com/document-contract-logo-label-literature-writing-
quill-pen-paper-icon-vector-document-contract-logo-label-literature-
image125701637

Running, Accessed May 4, 2021

https://www.runsociety.com/interviews/philippines-women-marathoners

Sentence Outline, Accessed December 4, 2021

https://dohwan.tistory.com/375

Tree Outline, Accessed December 4, 2021

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/9007267983655919/

What is Sentence Outline, Accessed April 14, 2021

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/765541636641671290/

What Makes a Happy Family, Accessed April 14, 2021

https://engoo.com/app/lessons/what-makes-a-happy
family/cUJWzkUXEeeNtMMPFQCxRw

21
 Development Team of the Module

Contextualizer: Sheryll Mae M. Bontuyan , TIII, Taptap Integrated School

Editor: Jedil C. Ilanan, T1, Ramon Duterte Memorial National High School

Evaluator: Elena B. Tuhoy, MT2, Talamban National High School

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