BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO

9073-10:2004

Textiles — Test
methods for
nonwovens —
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Part 10: Lint and other particles

generation in the dry state

The European Standard EN ISO 9073-10:2004 has the status of a

British Standard

ICS 59.080.30

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 BS EN ISO 9073-10:2004

National foreword

This British Standard is the official English language version of

EN ISO 9073-10:2004. It is identical with ISO 9073-10:2003.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
TCI/24, Textiles — Physical testing, which has the responsibility to:

— aid enquirers to understand the text;

— present to the responsible international/European committee any

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enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the

UK interests informed;
— monitor related international and European developments and
promulgate them in the UK.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on

request to its secretary.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European
publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue
under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”,
or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of
British Standards Online.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

This British Standard was Summary of pages

published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title
Strategy Committee on page, the EN ISO foreword page, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 11
25 January 2005 and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
document was last issued.

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Comments

© BSI 25 January 2005

ISBN 0 580 45316 2

 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 9073-10
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM December 2004

ICS 59.080.30

English version
Provided by BSI UK. Limited access during COVID-19 emergency. Personal use only.

Textiles - Test methods for nonwovens - Part 10: Lint and other
particles generation in the dry state (ISO 9073-10:2003)

Textiles - Méthodes d'essai pour nontissés - Partie 10: Textilien - Prüfverfahren für Vliesstoffe - Teil 10: Analyse
Relargage de peluches et autres particules à l'état sec (ISO von Faserfragmenten und anderen Partikeln im trockenen
9073-10:2003) Zustand (ISO 9073-10:2003)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 December 2004.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

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© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 9073-10:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
 EN ISO 9073−10:2004
I NESO 09-37:01002( 4E)

Foreword

The text of ISO 9073-10:2003 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38 "Textiles”
of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO
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9073-10:2004 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 "Textiles and textile products", the
secretariat of which is held by BSI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2005, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2005.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of

the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice

The text of ISO 9073-10:2003 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 9073-10:2004 without any
modifications.

2
 EN ISO 9073−10:2004

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 9073-10

First edition
2003-05-15
Provided by BSI UK. Limited access during COVID-19 emergency. Personal use only.

Textiles — Test methods for

nonwovens —
Part 10:
Lint and other particles generation in the
dry state
Textiles — Méthodes d'essai pour nontissés —
Partie 10: Relargage de peluches et autres particules à l'état sec

Reference number
ISO 9073-10:2003(E)

© OSI 3002
 EN ISO 9073−10:2004
IS-3709 O01:(3002E)

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 ENIS-3709
ISO 9073−10:2004
O01:(3002E)

Contents Page

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ iv
1 Scope...................................................................................................................................................... 1
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2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................... 1
4 Principle ................................................................................................................................................. 1
5 Apparatus............................................................................................................................................... 2
6 Procedure............................................................................................................................................... 5
7 Calculation ............................................................................................................................................. 6
8 Test report.............................................................................................................................................. 7
Annex A (informative) General information regarding reproducibility ......................................................... 8
Annex B (informative) Worked example — Total linting — Sample X........................................................... 9

I ©SO — 3002 All irhgts seredevr iii

 EN ISO 9073−10:2004
IS-3709 O01:(3002E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
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established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 9073-10 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles.

ISO 9073 consists of the following parts, under the general title Textiles — Test methods for nonwovens:

— Part 1: Determination of mass per unit area

— Part 2: Determination of thickness

— Part 3: Determination of tensile strength and elongation

— Part 4: Determination of tear resistance

— Part 6: Absorption

— Part 7: Determination of bending length

— Part 8: Determination of liquid strike-through time (simulated urine)

— Part 9: Determination of drape coefficient

— Part 10: Lint and other particles generation in the dry state

— Part 11: Run-off

— Part 12: Demand absorbency

iv I ©SO — 3002 All irhgts seredevr

 EN ISO 9073−10:2004
INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS-3709 O01:(3002E)

Textiles — Test methods for nonwovens —

Part 10:
Lint and other particles generation in the dry state
Provided by BSI UK. Limited access during COVID-19 emergency. Personal use only.

1 Scope
This part of ISO 9073 specifies a test method for measuring the linting of nonwovens in the dry state. It can
also be applied to other textile materials.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing — Specifications

ISO 14644-1, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments — Part 1: Classification or air cleanliness

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1
lint
fibre fragments released during handling

3.2
linting
release of lint and other particles during handling

3.3
coefficient of linting
log of the particle count applied to all or to a part of the measurement channels

4 Principle
This procedure describes a modified Gelbo Flex method in which the sample is subjected to a combined
twisting and compression action in a test chamber. During the flexing, air is withdrawn from the chamber and
particulates in the air stream are counted and classified in a particle counter. Depending on the choice of
counter, the size ranges can fall within the limits of 0,3 µm or 0,5 µm to 25 µm.

See Annex A for general information on reproducibilty.

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 EN ISO 9073−10:2004
IS-3709 O01:(3002E)

5 Apparatus
5.1 Lamina flow hood, vertical, for use in a clean-air station to ensure a clean test environment.

NOTE A Class 5 clean room in accordance with ISO 14644-1 may be used as an alternative.

5.2 Flexing unit (modified Gelbo Flex), consisting of two circular plates, of diameter 82,8 mm, one fixed
and the other moveable, but located on a mechanism that allows it to move towards and away from the fixed
plate at a frequency of 60 cycles/min whilst at the same time rotating clockwise and anti-clockwise through an
angle of 180°, in synchronization with a to-and-fro movement. See Figure 1.
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The plates have 8 holes (diameter 12,5 mm) located 10 mm from the outer edge and equally spaced.

The distance between the plates at the starting position is (188 ± 2) mm and the stroke of the linear motion is
(120 ± 2) mm.

Clamping devices are used to fix the test piece, in a tubular form, to the circular plates.

5.3 Flexing chamber and air collector, in which the flexing unit is enclosed in an antistatic perspex box
measuring (300 × 300 × 300) mm (see Figure 2). This chamber has removable front and back panels for
cleaning and purging with filtered, clean air. The back and two sides each have two holes (diameter 10 mm)
located 25 mm from the top of the chamber and spaced equally across the 300 mm of each panel.

Key
1 test chamber
2 particle counter
3 test piece

Figure 1 — Gelbo Flex dry particle generator

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 ENIS-3709
ISO 9073−10:2004
O01:(3002E)
Provided by BSI UK. Limited access during COVID-19 emergency. Personal use only.

Key
1 removable front and back panels
2 air collector
3 side holes (10 mm in diameter)

Figure 2 — Flexing chamber and air collector

The intake probe of the air collector is fixed to the centre of the base in the chamber, 2 cm above the base
plate (see Figure 3).

The diameter of the intake probe end is (40 ± 5) mm.

The flexible duct connecting the air collector to the particle counter has the following characteristics.

 polyurethane or polyester lined vinyl or similar;

 maximum length 1 500 mm;

 inner diameter (8,5 ± 1,5) mm;

 not kinked nor curved with a small curvature radius.

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 EN ISO 9073−10:2004
IS-3709 O01:(3002E)

Dimensions in millimetres
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Key
1 air collector intake probe
2 flexing chamber

Figure 3 — Position of air collector intake probe

5.4 Particle counter, with the following main characteristics:

 8 measurement channels;

 overall size range: 0,3 µm or 0,5 µm to 25 µm;

 air flow: (28,3 ± 1,4) l/min;

 sampling time selectable between 1 s and 24 h.

5.5 Glue, for sealing the cylindrical test piece.

5.6 Gloves, for use in ISO class 5 clean room. See ISO 14644-1.

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 ENIS-3709
ISO 9073−10:2004
O01:(3002E)

6 Procedure
6.1 The operator shall wear gloves for handling test pieces.

6.2 Preparation of the test pieces shall be made under clean room conditions (see 5.1) and observing the
specifications given in ISO 554.

6.3 Two sets of seven test pieces are cut (see Figure 4), (220 ± 1) mm × (285 ± 1) mm (larger dimension in
the cross direction); one set is marked on one face as side A and the other set on the other face as side B.
Only five test pieces are used in the test, the other two (top and bottom) test pieces are to protect those in use.
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The sets of test pieces shall be free from folds and wrinkles and be kept in a clean antistatic environment.

Dimensions in millimetres

a Glued

Figure 4 — Test piece

6.4 The environment in which the tests are carried out shall be dust free (see 5.1). The flexing chamber
shall be thoroughly cleaned between each measurement and the air quality in the chamber checked before
each test is carried out.

a) With the back panel removed (to allow clean air to flow into the empty chamber) and the flexing unit
turned off and with no sample in place, two measurements are carried out. The total count of particles
W 0,5 µm in 30 s shall be less than 100. If not achieved, the procedure shall be repeated.

b) In order to obtain C0 and take a particle count:

1) the back panel of the chamber shall be closed;

2) with the flexing unit operating but without a sample mounted, and after stabilization for ten 30 s
counting periods, the results are recorded;

3) the results are added to obtain C0.

In order to report results for each size classification the particle count for each classification shall be recorded
to give the C0 value for each class.

6.5 A tube is made from the test piece with the longer dimension corresponding to the circumference and
the free edges glued on a 0,5 cm width using a suitable adhesive product for sealing the cylindrical test piece
(see Figure 4).

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 EN ISO 9073−10:2004
IS-3709 O01:(3002E)

6.6 The circular plates are set in their starting position, (188 ± 2) mm apart.

6.7 With minimum handling and care, the test piece tube is attached to the circular plates by means of
appropriate clamping devices (e.g. rubber bands).

6.8 The particle counter is set for a counting period of 30 s and a 1 s reset time (run mode).

6.9 The flexing chamber is closed.

6.10 The flexing unit and the particle counter are started concurrently and the flexing unit is run until
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10 consecutive periods of 30 s have been completed.

6.11 The flexing unit and the particle counter are stopped, the test piece is removed and the flexing chamber
cleaned prior to the procedure being repeated on the next test piece.

NOTE Cleaning is carried out with wet clean room wipes followed by drying before each trial.

6.12 The results for each size classification from the read-out device for the particle counter are recorded.

6.13 The procedure shall be repeated for all ten test pieces, five from side A and five from side B.

7 Calculation

7.1 Background correction

7.1.1 For each test piece, C0 is subtracted from the total count for the ten periods to give the estimate of the
particle count of the material. The result is termed linting.

7.1.2 To obtain the total count, where the particle size classification is ignored, all the counts are added and
from the sum obtained, C0 for that class is subtracted.

To report only the counts in each particle size classification, the counts in that class are added and C0 for that
class used.

7.1.3 See Annex B for a worked example.

7.2 Results

7.2.1 The linting (separately for sides A and B) is calculated as the mean of the results from the 5 test
pieces. The calculations shall be made either for each particle size class (linting) or the sum of all counts (total
linting) or for any selected number of classes.

Linting and total linting can be calculated for side A and side B separately or for the material as the mean of
side A and side B.

7.2.2 Standard deviation and coefficient of variation shall be calculated for each of the results mentioned in
7.2.1. The coefficient of variation is the ratio standard deviation versus linting expressed as a percentage.

7.2.3 If requested, the coefficient of linting (CL) may be calculated as the log of the total linting (see 7.2.1),
corresponding to all different classes or a selected number of classes, for each side and for all the material.

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 ENIS-3709
ISO 9073−10:2004
O01:(3002E)

8 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:

a) type or designation of material tested;

b) type of particle counter used;

c) number of test pieces tested;

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d) linting for each side separately (side A and side B), of each particle size classification, or for a selected
number of classes as the mean result of the five test pieces;

e) if requested, for each side separately, the total linting, summing up all classes or a selected number of
classes as the mean result from the five test pieces (see 7.2.1);

f) if requested, the linting or total linting of the material (see 7.2.1) for all classes or selected classes;

g) standard deviation and percent coefficient of variation (7.2.2) for each of the results reported in d) and e);

h) if requested, the coefficient of linting (7.2.3) as the log of the results reported in e) and f);

i) any deviation from the procedure described in this part of ISO 9073.

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 EN ISO 9073−10:2004
IS-3709 O01:(3002E)

Annex A
(informative)

General information regarding reproducibility

The particles that are counted during the test may be airborne debris (dust) or fragments from fibres, binders
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or other process treatments. In using the test to assess the lint generating potential of nonwovens or
composites the dust should be kept to a minimum. The test is particularly adapted for low linting nonwovens
which are used mainly in medical, computer or similar environments.

It has been found that many types of nonwovens made from different materials have similar particle
generation characteristics. Particles are released by the flexing and slowly diffuse to the particle counter inlet.
Within the five minute total test time the diffusion reaches a maximum and then declines. Thus a five minute
test time seems suitable for characterizing a material.

Generally, the flexing action causes only some of the available particles to be released and this can lead to
variable results between test pieces from the same sample. However, multiple sampling and testing can give
good relative measurements of products and processes and then linting potential.

Reproducibility is only moderate in absolute numbers but rankings are very reproducible.

To calculate the 95 % confidence interval for the coefficient of linting, it is necessary to first calculate the
standard deviation of the original particle counts. This statistic is used to calculate the confidence interval,
which is then reported as a logarithm.

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 ENIS-3709
ISO 9073−10:2004
O01:(3002E)

Annex B
(informative)

Worked example — Total linting — Sample X

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B.1 First background count (chamber open)

Particles W 0,5 µm for 0 s to 30 s: 29

30 s to 60 s: 10

These counts are for checking system cleanliness and are not used in the calculation.

B.2 Second background count (chamber closed)

Particles W 0,5 µm: for 10 times 30 s

Table B.1

Period 0,5 µm to 1 µm to 2 µm to 3 µm to 4 µm to 5 µm to 7 µm to
> 10 µm Σ > 0,5 µm
number a 1 µm 2 µm 3 µm 4 µm 5 µm 7 µm 10 µm

1 56 52 32 12 6 1 0 14 173
2 12 8 3 2 0 0 0 2 27
3 10 18 2 2 2 0 0 1 35
4 14 22 6 8 0 0 0 1 51
5 10 16 4 4 1 0 0 0 35
6 6 8 0 2 0 2 0 0 18
7 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 6
8 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 5
9 7 4 3 1 1 1 0 1 18
10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

C0 (X1) 118 132 52 32 10 4 0 20 368

a Per consecutive 30 s period of time.

C0 for particles W 0,5 µm of sample X1 (side A) is the sum of the above ten counts.

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 EN ISO 9073−10:2004
IS-3709 O01:(3002E)

B.3 Test results for test piece X1 (side A)

Table B.2

Period 0,5 µm to 1 µm to 2 µm to 3 µm to 4 µm to 5 µm to 7 µm to
> 10 µm Σ > 0,5 µm
number a 1 µm 2 µm 3 µm 4 µm 5 µm 7 µm 10 µm

1 19 197 18 280 4 132 4 988 3 406 2 200 3 000 6 791 61 994

2 8 612 9 988 2 539 3 208 2 283 1 414 1 860 3 349 33 253
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3 6 580 7 896 2 239 2 769 1 804 1 239 1 658 2 723 26 908

4 4 886 6 315 1 853 2 281 1 456 1 091 1 358 1 952 21 192
5 3 871 5 336 1 487 2 010 1 325 932 1 235 1 688 17 884
6 3 882 5 162 1 465 1 833 1 260 878 1 100 1 657 17 237
7 3 812 4 979 1 411 1 951 1 345 949 1 111 1 842 17 400
8 2 502 3 445 1 045 1 365 896 612 838 1 141 11 844
9 2 076 3 168 962 1 292 851 543 737 1 037 10 666
10 1 378 2 470 700 946 664 411 553 699 7 821

Total 56 796 67 039 17 833 22 643 15 290 10 269 13 450 22 879 226 199

Total − C0 56 678 66 907 17 781 22 611 15 280 10 265 13 450 22 859 225 831
a Per consecutive 30 s period of time.

B.4 Sample X (side A)

Table B.3 gives the mean test results from the five test pieces X1 to X5 (side A) for each particle size and
period. In the last row of the table, the sum of the values corresponding to the 10 periods gives the linting per
classes and the total linting of side A.

Table B.3

Period 0,5 µm to 1 µm to 2 µm to 3 µm to 4 µm to 5 µm to 7 µm to
> 10 µm Σ > 0,5 µm
number a 1 µm 2 µm 3 µm 4 µm 5 µm 7 µm 10 µm

1 10 832 11 809 2 812 3 538 2 358 1 561 2 077 3 883 38 871

2 4 525 5 965 1 633 2 132 1 445 947 1 259 1 938 19 846
3 3 228 4 480 1 290 1 680 1 111 765 991 1 405 14 950
4 3 151 4 336 1 231 1 602 1 032 738 950 1 332 14 372
5 2 357 3 558 1 004 1 363 894 629 797 1 089 11 690
6 1 902 2 995 886 1 159 794 547 706 919 9 909
7 1 713 2 634 756 1 034 746 477 603 850 8 813
8 1 361 2 137 644 896 577 389 508 644 7 156
9 1 172 1 968 604 809 541 355 468 613 6 530
10 931 1 690 510 678 456 298 386 473 5 422

Total 31 172 41 573 11 371 14 891 9 955 6 707 8 743 13 147 137 558

Total − C0 31 043 41 435 11 334 14 865 9 943 6 700 8 741 13 135 137 197
a Per consecutive 30 s period of time.

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 ENIS-3709
ISO 9073−10:2004
O01:(3002E)

B.5 The standard deviation

Table B.4

0,5 µm to 1 µm to 2 µm to 3 µm to 4 µm to 5 µm to 7 µm to
> 10 µm Σ > 0,5 µm
1 µm 2 µm 3 µm 4 µm 5 µm 7 µm 10 µm

11 202 11 102 2 813 3 402 2 341 1 542 1 977 4 277 38 545

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B.6 Coefficient of variation of the results

Table B.5

0,5 µm to 1 µm to 2 µm to 3 µm to 4 µm to 5 µm to 7 µm to
> 10 µm Σ > 0,5 µm
1 µm 2 µm 3 µm 4 µm 5 µm 7 µm 10 µm
36 27 25 23 24 23 23 33 28

B.7 Test results for Sample X (side B)

The results of the tests carried out on side B of five test pieces X6 to X10, are reported in similar tables.

B.8 Report — Total linting

B.8.1 Sample X, side A

Total linting: 137 197

Standard deviation: 38 545

Coefficient of variation: 28 %

Coefficient of linting (CL): 5,13

B.8.2 Sample X, side B

Total linting: 88 151

Standard deviation: 34 637

Coefficient of variation: 39 %

Coefficient of linting (CL): 4,94

B.8.3 Sample X, material

Total linting: 112 674

Coefficient of linting (CL): 5,05

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 BS EN ISO
9073-10:2004
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