BI 232 Lab 12

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Exercise 12: Hearing & Equilibrium

1. Identify and know the function of structures of the ear.


• Outer ear
o Pinna (auricle)
o External acoustic canal
o Lobule
o Tympanic membrane
• Middle ear
o Ossicles
 Malleus
 Incus
 Stapes
o Auditory (eustachian) tube
• Inner ear
o Oval window
o Round window
o Bony labyrinth
o Membranous labyrinth
o Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
 Cochlear nerve branch
 Vestibular nerve branch

malleus incus stapes

vestibule
auricle
vestibular nerve

cochlear nerve

round window
ear canal
cochlea

tympanic membrane tympanic eustachian tube


cavity
Figure 12.1 Human Ear

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o Vestibular apparatus
 Semicircular canals
• Semicircular ducts
o Ampullae
o Cristae ampullaris
o Cupula
o Hair cells
 Vestibule
• Saccule
• Utricle
• Maculae
o Otolithic membrane
o Otoliths
o Hair cells

bony labyrinth

endolymphatic
vestibulocochlear nerve
duct
(n. VIII) branches

vestibular ganglion

auditory nerve
superior
semicircular
canal vestibulocochlear nerve
(n. VIII) cochlear branch
inferior semicircular
canal
horizontal cochlea
semicircular canal
ampullae
utricle saccule

Figure 12.2 Ear Labyrinth

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o Cochlea
 Vestibular duct (scala vestibuli)
 Tympanic duct (scala tympani)
 Spiral organ (organ of corti)
• Cochlear duct (scala media)
• Vestibular membrane
• Basilar membrane
• Tectorial membrane
• Hair cells
o Which areas of the inner ear contain perilymph? inside the bony labyrinth which
surrounds the membranous labyrinth

o Which areas of the inner ear contain endolymph? the membranous labyrinth, including
the vestibular labyrinth and cochlear labyrinth

organ of corti
bony cochlear wall

scala vestibuli
cochlear duct
tectorial membrane
basilar membrane
scala tympani

spiral ganglion
cochlear branch
of vestibularcochlear
nerve (n. VIII)

Figure 12.3 Organ of Corti

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macula
utricle saccule

cupula

otoliths ampula

hair cell
otolithic membrane

ampullary nerve

macula

Figure 12.4 Macula Structure Figure 12.5 Ampulla Structure

2. Histology
• Be able to identify structures of the spiral organ on a microscope slide.

Cochlear duct
Vestibular duct
Tympanic duct
Vestibular membrane
Basilar membrane
Tectorial membrane
Hair cells

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3. Activities
• Weber Test
o Ring a 256 Hz or 512 Hz tuning fork and place on center of head.
o Where do you hear the sound? centrally, on both sides
o Is the tone equally loud in both ears or louder in one? equally loud
o What is this test evaluating? Hearing loss, since conductive loss and sensorineural loss
of hearing would both cause lateralization of the sound to one side.

• Rinne Test
o Place a vibrating 512 Hz tuning fork on the mastoid process of the temporal bone
on your lab partner.
o When they can no longer hear the tone, move the tuning fork to the lateral side of
the ear.
o Repeat this again but start with the fork next to the ear and move to the mastoid
process.
o What is this test evaluating? This test is evaluating whether the sound of the bone
resonance is louder than the sound traveling through the air, which would indicate some

conductive hearing loss. Sound waves in the air are not clearly heard with conductive loss.

• Barany’s Test
o Have your lab partner sit in a swivel chair with head tilted forward.
o With the subject’s eyes open, spin the chair 10 times.
o Watch the subject’s eyes once the chair stops rotating.
o Describe the eye movement quick and back and forth, lateral to median

o Define nystagmus rapid, uncontrolled, repetitive movement of the eyes

o What is this test evaluating? functioning of the inner ear, specifically semicircular canals
• Romberg Test
o Have your lab partner stand with their back to the wall, eyes open for one minute.
o Watch for lateral swaying.
o Do the test again but with eyes closed.
o Watch for lateral swaying.
o What is this test evaluating? sense of balance and motor coordination

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Exercise 12: Terminology List
Ear Structures
Pinna (auricle) Vestibule
External acoustic canal Saccule
Lobule Utricle
Tympanic membrane Maculae
Ossicles Otolithic membrane
Malleus Otoliths
Incus Hair cells
Stapes Cochlea
Auditory (eustachian) tube Vestibular duct (scala vestibuli)
Oval window Tympanic duct (scala tympani)
Round window Spiral organ (organ of Corti)
Bony labyrinth Cochlear duct (scala media)
Membranous labyrinth Vestibular membrane
Vestibulocochlear nerve Basilar membrane
Cochlear nerve Tectorial membrane
Vestibular nerve Hair cells
Semicircular canals Perilymph
Semicircular ducts Endolymph
Ampullae
Crista ampullaris
Cupula Histology
Hair cells Cochlear duct
Vestibular duct
Tympanic duct
Vestibular membrane
Basilar membrane
Tectorial membrane
Hair cells

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Additional Notes

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Image Citations
Figure 12.1 Human Ear
• OpenStax College (2013). Anatomy and Physiology. OpenStax College. Adapted from
https://openstax.org/details/books/anatomy-and-physiology
Figure 12.2 Ear Labyrinth
• This work by Cenveo is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United
States (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/).
Figure 12.3 Organ of Corti
• OpenStax College (2013). Anatomy and Physiology. OpenStax College. Adapted from
https://openstax.org/details/books/anatomy-and-physiology
Figure 12.4 Macula Structure
• OpenStax College (2013). Anatomy and Physiology. OpenStax College. Adapted from
https://openstax.org/details/books/anatomy-and-physiology
Figure 12.5 Ampulla Structure
• OpenStax College (2013). Anatomy and Physiology. OpenStax College. Adapted from
https://openstax.org/details/books/anatomy-and-physiology

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