PELAB MANUAL - AY 23-24 CYCLE 1-5 Ver1

POWER ELECTRONICS LABLABORATORY MANUAL
Course Code: 21EEL66
Name of the Student:

Semester /Section :
USN :
Batch :
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(An Autonomous Institute affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU), Approved by AICTE and UGC, Accredited by NAAC with an “A” grade)
(An Autonomous Institute affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU), Approved by AICTE and
UGC, Accredited by NAAC with an “A” grade)

(Accredited by NBA Tier-1: 2022-2025)
Vision of the Institute

To impart quality technical education with a focus on research and innovation emphasizing on
development of sustainable and inclusive technology for the benefit of society.
Mission of the Institute
 To provide an environment that enhances creativity and Innovation in pursuit of Excellence.
 To nurture teamwork in order to transform individuals as responsible leaders and entrepreneurs.
 To train the students to the changing technical scenario and make them to understand the
importance of Sustainable and inclusive technologies.
Vision of the Department
 To meet the challenging needs of society by innovation, problem solving and to develop an
exciting and supportive learning environment that transforms our students and inspires them to
make a real difference in their career and society
Mission of the Department
 To provide enduring learning environment that facilitates the students to pursue their higher
education.
 To train students with diverse skills to work professionally in several fields through innovative
teaching and learning process.
 To provide value based and behavioral training programs that helps students in developing their
overall professional competence and social awareness.
Program Educational Objective
 PEO-1: Graduates will have the ability to apply the knowledge of Electrical & Electronics
Engineering to excel in their career path.
 PEO-2: Graduates will be confident to work in flexible and diverse professional fields.
 PEO-3: Graduates will have commitment and awareness to thrive in their ethical and social
responsibilities.
 PEO-4: Graduates will have the ability to pursue higher education, research and will be engaged in
life-long learning processes.
Program Specific Outcomes [PSO]

 PSO-1: The students will be able to apply the knowledge of mathematics, and applied science
principles to solve diverse problems in the field of Power systems and Control of Electric Drives
catering to Industrial, Research, Service and allied areas.
 PSO-2: The students would be competent in identifying, analyzing and exhibiting the skills in
providing solutions to problems related to control electronic systems using various modern tools.
 PSO-3: The students will be able to demonstrate proficiency in design and development of
different

Power Electronics Laboratory

Course Code :21EEL66 CIE Marks: 50
L: T: P: 0: 1: 2 SEE Marks: 50
Exam Hours:03
Course Objectives:
1. To provide students with a comprehensive understanding of power semiconductor devices,
their characteristics, and their applications in power electronic circuits.
2. To equip students with the knowledge and skills to analyze and design various power
electronic converters, such as rectifiers, inverters, regulators, and DC-DC converters.
3. To learn about different control strategies and modulation techniques used in power
electronic systems.
4. To encourage students to apply their theoretical knowledge to practical applications and real-
world projects.
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will be able to:

CO1 Interpret the characteristics of the power semiconductor devices for practical
applications.
CO2 Analyze and design power converter/inverter circuits.
CO3 Realize the limitations of computer simulations and evaluate possible causes of
discrepancy in experimental observations compared to theory.
CO4 Apply the skills to build real-time applications of power electronics.
PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO1 PO1 PO1 PSO PSO PSO

CO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3
/
PO
CO 3 3 2 2 - - - 1 2 2 - 1 - - -
1
CO 3 3 2 2 3 - - 1 2 2 - 1 - - -
2
CO 3 3 2 2 3 - - 1 2 2 - 1 - - 1
3
CO 3 3 2 2 2 - - 1 2 2 - 2 - - 1
4

Experiment Title of the Experiments Hours CO’s

No.
1 Static Characteristics of SCR, MOSFET, and IGBT 02 1
2 Single-phase semi-controlled and fully-controlled Converter 02 2, 4
with R and RL Load
3 Three-Phase fully Controlled Converter with R and R-L 02 2, 4
Load
4 TRIAC-Based AC Voltage Regulator with R, R-L, and 02 2, 4
Universal Motor Load
5 Speed Control of DC Motor using, (a) Semi-Converter, and 02 2, 4
(ii) MOSFET-Based Chopper
6 Single-Phase PWM Inverter with R and R-L Load 02 2, 4
7 IGBT-Based Four Quadrant Chopper and Open-Loop 02 2, 4
Operation of Synchronous Buck Converter
8 Study of SCR Turn-ON Circuits, (a) UJT-Based Triggering, 02 1
and (b) Digital Triggering
9 Forced Commutation using LC and Auxiliary Circuits 02 1
10 MATLAB/Python-Based Simulation of Buck, Boost, and 02 3
Buck-Boost DC-DC Converter
11 MATLAB/Python-Based Simulation of Three-Phase Inverter 02 3
Operating at (i) 120 0 Conduction Mode, and (b)
1800Conduction Mode. Consider the Star-Connected
Balanced Resistive Load.
Text Books:
1. Power Electronics, M.H.Rashid, Pearson, 3rd Edition, 2006.
Assessment Pattern:
CIE –Continuous Internal Evaluation Lab (50 Marks):
Bloom’s Category Performance Internal Test
(Day To Day)
Marks (Out of 50) 25 25
Remember
Understand
Apply 05 05
Analyze 10 10
Evaluate 05 05

Create 05 05
SEE –Semester End Examination Lab (50 Marks)

Bloom’s Category Marks
Theory(50)
Remember
Understand 5
Apply 15
Analyze 10
Evaluate 10
Create 10

Cycle of Experiments
Experiment Title of the Experiments Hours CO’s

No.
Cycle-1
1 Static Characteristics of SCR, MOSFET, and IGBT 02 1
2 Single-Phase Semi-Controlled and Fully-Controlled Converter 02 2, 4
with R and RL Load
4 TRIAC-Based AC Voltage Regulator with R, R-L, and universal 02 2, 4
motor load.
5 Speed Control of DC Motor using, (a) Semi-Converter, and (ii) 02 2, 4
MOSFET-Based Chopper.
8 Study of SCR Turn-ON Circuits, (a) UJT-based triggering, and (b) 02 1
digital triggering.
Cycle-2
3 Three-Phase fully Controlled Converter with R and R-L Load 02 2, 4
6 Single-Phase PWM inverter with R and R-L Load 02 2, 4
7 IGBT-Based four quadrant chopper and open-Loop operation of 02 2, 4
synchronous buck converter.
9 Forced Commutation using LC and Auxiliary Circuits 02 1
10 MATLAB/Python-Based Simulation of Buck, Boost, and Buck- 02 3
Boost DC-DC Converter
11 MATLAB/Python-Based Simulation of Three-Phase Inverter 02 3
Operating at (i) 120o Conduction Mode, and (b) 180o conduction
mode. Consider the Star-Connected Balanced Resistive Load.

DO’s
 Arrive on time for your scheduled laboratory session
 Arrive on time for your scheduled laboratory session.
 Strictly adhere to and follow the appropriate dress code.
 Ensure that long hair and loose clothing are properly secured.
 Familiarize yourself with the safety and emergency procedures.
 Perform the experiments accurately according to the instructions provided by the
teacher.
 Notify the faculty or instructor immediately in case of MCB tripping, sparks, or

any other untoward incidents
Do Not
Don’ts
 Refrain from running or engaging in any form of play within the

laboratory.
 The use of mobile phones or any other personal electronic
gadgets is strictly prohibited in the laboratory.
 Never leave the experiment unattended while it is in progress.
 Avoid touching the CRO screens with the tip of an open pen,
pencil, or any other sharp object.
 Keep noise levels to a minimum in the laboratory.
 Do not exit the laboratory without obtaining the signature of the
concerned staff in the observation book.
 Ensure that the circuit is disconnected before leaving the
laboratory.

Contents of the Record:
On Right side of the record:

 Experiment No, Title of the Experiment & Date
 Aim of the Experiment
 Apparatus Required
 Name Plate Details
 Theory & Applications
 Procedure
 Results
On Left side of the record:

 Circuit Diagram
 Formulae’s used
 Tabular Column
 Specimen Calculations
 Graphs




Power Electronics Laboratory Manual-21EEL66
Experiment No 1: STATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SCR, MOSFET & IGBT
Aim:
(a) To plot the static V-I characteristics of given SCR and to determine the latching current,
holding current, forward break over voltage
(b) To plot the transfer characteristics and output characteristics of the MOSFET also to find
trans-conductance (gm) and output resistance of the MOSFET.
(c) To plot the transfer characteristics and output characteristics of the IGBT
Sl No Apparatus Required Make/Specification Quantity in No
1 SCR Module 1No

2 IGBT /MOSFET Module 1 No
3 Ammeter 0-100 mA 1 No
4 Regulated Power supply 0-30 V, 2mA 1 No
5 Digital Multimeter 1 No
Theory:
SCR: The full form of SCR is “Silicon Controlled Rectifier”. It is a three terminal semi conducting device.
The three terminals are anode (A), cathode (K) and gate (G). SCR is used as static switches in relay control,
motor control, phase control, heater control, battery chargers, inverter, and regulated power supplies. SCR
characteristic is drawn between anode to cathode voltage (VAK) vs. anode current (IA) for different values of
gate current (IG).
MOSFET: MOSFET is a three terminal semi conducting device. Its conductivity can be controlled by gate
signal. The three terminals are gate (G), source (S) and drain (D). It can be operated as an amplifier or as a
switch. Static output characteristic curve is drawn between drains current (ID) and drain to source voltage
(VDS) for the given value of gate to source voltage (VGS). Transfer characteristic is drawn between drain
current (ID) vs. gate to source voltage (VGS).
IGBT: IGBT is a three terminal semi-conductor device. The device is turned ON by applying positive voltage
greater than threshold between gate and emitter. The three terminals are base (B) or gate (G), collector (C) &
emitter (E). It can be operated as an amplifier or as a switch. Static output characteristic curve is drawn
between collector current (IC) and collector to emitter voltage (VCE) for a given value of base/gate to emitter
voltage (VGE).
Department of EEE , DSCE Bengaluru Page 1

(a) To obtain the static V-I characteristics of given SCR and to determine the latching
current, holding current, forward break over voltage
Figure 1.1 Circuit diagram to obtain static characteristics of SCR
Procedure
(i) To obtain the V-I characteristics of SCR
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram shown in figure 1.1.
2. Switch ON both the power supplies.
3. Set the gate current (IG) to, 8 to 10 mA.
4. Vary the anode to cathode voltage (VAK) in steps and note down corresponding VAK and
anode (leakage) current (IA).
5. The above procedure is repeated till the SCR turns ON (starts conducting).
6. Note down the forward break over voltage (VBO) and its corresponding anode current (I A).
7. Vary the anode to cathode voltage (VAK) further in steps, in the ON state and note down the
corresponding VAK and anode current (IA).
8. Tabulate the readings in the table 1.1.
9. Plot the graph of anode to cathode voltage VAK versus anode current IA.

(ii) To find the holding current ( IH )
10. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram shown in figure 1.1.
11. Make the gate current (IG) to zero, reduce the anode current in steps, at some particular value
of anode current (IA = IH) the SCR suddenly jumps from forward conduction mode (anode
to cathode voltage 0.8 volts) to forward blocking mode (a sudden rise in anode to cathode
voltage) and anode current suddenly falls to zero.
12. Note the anode current that will be the holding current IH.
(iii) To find the latching current ( IL )
13. Keep the gate current IG in ON state, bring the anode current to IH. In steps slowly increase
the anode current, at each step check whether the SCR remains in the ON state without the
help of gate current or not.
14. The minimum value of anode current at which SCR remains in the ON state without the
help of gate current is called latching current (I L).
Table 1.1: V-I characteristics of SCR reading
SL. No VAK (V) IA (mA)

IG1=
SL. No Holding Current (IH) Latching Current (IL)

Figure 1.2 V-I Characteristics of SCR
(b) To plot the transfer characteristics and output characteristics of the MOSFET also to
find trans-conductance (gm) and output resistance of the MOSFET.
Figure 1.3 Circuit diagram to obtain static characteristics of MOSFET

Procedure:
(i) To Obtain transfer Characteristics of MOSFET
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram shown in the Figure1.3
2. Switch ON the power supply.
3. Set Vds to specified value (eg. 8 volts) and vary Vgs in steps, and note down the
corresponding voltage Vgs and drain current Id.
4. Tabulate the readings in table 1.2 and plot the graph of Vgs versus Id.
5. Note down the threshold voltage Vth. This is the value of VGS voltage for which drain current
Id starts flowing. Below threshold voltage Vth, Id is zero.
6. Determine the trans conductance Gm from the graph where,
𝐺𝑚 = 𝛥I𝑑/𝛥𝑉𝑔𝑠.
Table 1.2 Transfer characteristics of MSOFET reading
SL. No VGS (V) ID (mA)

VDS = 8 V
Figure 1.4 Specimen Transfer characteristics of MOSFET

(ii) To Obtain Output characteristics of MOSFET
1. To determine the output (drain) characteristics, set VGS> threshold voltage and vary VDS
in steps and note down the corresponding voltage VDS and drain current ID.
2. Tabulate the readings and plot a graph of VDS versus ID.
3. Repeat the same procedure for another value of VGS which is greater than threshold
voltage.
4. From the graph calculate RD = ΔVDS/Δ ID.
5. Calculate amplification factor µ where, µ = Gm × RD.
Table 1.3 V-I data to obtain output characteristics of MSOFET
VgS=……..Volts
SL. No Vds (V) Id (mA)
Figure 1.5 Specimen Output characteristics of MOSFET
(c)To plot the transfer characteristics and output characteristics of the IGBT

Figure 1.6 Circuit diagram to obtain characteristics of IGBT
To Obtain transfer characteristics of IGBT
1. Rig up the circuit as shown in the Figure 1.6.

2. Switch on the power supply.
3. To determine the transfer characteristics, set VCE to a specified value and keep it constant.
4. Vary the voltage across gate and emitter VGE, and note down the corresponding voltage VGE
and Collector current IC.
5. Tabulate the readings and plot the graph of VGE versus IC. Note down the threshold voltage
Vth from the graph.
To Obtain output characteristics of IGBT
1. To determine the output characteristics set VGE>threshold voltage, and vary VCE and note
down the corresponding voltage VCE and collector current IC.
2. Repeat the same procedure for another value of VGE> threshold voltage Vth.
3. Tabulate the readings and plot a graph of VCE versus IC.
Table 1.3 V-I data to obtain transfer characteristics of IGBT
VCE=8 Volts
SL. No VGE(V) IC(mA)

Figure 1.7 Specimen graph of transfer characteristics of IGBT
Table 1.4 V-I data to obtain output characteristics of IGBT
VGE=……..Volts
SL. No VCE(V) IC(mA)
Figure 1.8 Specimen graph of output characteristics of IGBT
RESULT: The characteristics of MOSFET and IGBT are verified and the obtained results are
tabulated and graphs have been plotted.

Experiment No 2: Single-Phase Semi-Controlled converter with R& RL Load and Fully-

Controlled Converter with R and RL Load
Aim :
(a) To study the working of a single-phase semi controlled full wave rectifier connected to R and
RL load

(b) To study the working of a single-phase fully controlled full wave rectifier connected to R and
R-L Loads.
Sl No Apparatus Required Specification Quantity in No
1 Semi controlled rectifier module 1No

2 Fully controlled rectifier module 1 No
3 Firing pulse module 1 No
4 Rheostat 150Ω 5A 1 No
5 Inductor 150𝑚𝐻 1 No
6 Multimeter
7 CRO 20KHz 1 No
Theory:
In order to get a controllable dc output voltage from the rectifier circuit, phase-controlled
rectifiers are used. In a semi or half-controlled converter, one quadrant operation is obtained
i.e., only positive voltage and current will be obtained at the output. This type of converter
circuit uses two thyristors and two diodes for the rectification process. The use of bridge-
type configuration in converter circuits increases the average load voltage and improves the
power factor and input current waveform
The single-phase fully controlled rectifier allows the conversion of single-phase AC into DC.
All four devices used are Thyristors . During the positive half-cycle of the input AC voltage,
the thyristor (T1 & T2) is triggered at α (firing angle) into conduction. The thyristor
conducts, allowing the current to flow through the load and the thyristor. The load current
rises, and energy is stored in the inductor (if it is RL load).
At the end of the positive half-cycle, the input voltage reverses polarity, causing the thyristor
(T1 & T2) to naturally turn off.
During the negative half-cycle of the input AC voltage, both the thyristor (T1 & T2) do not
conduct. No current flows through the load during this half-cycle using T1 & T2.
Thyristor T3 & T4 conducts during the negative cycle. Similarly, the if RL load, inductor
stores the charges during the negative cycle.At the end of the negative half-cycle, the input
voltage reverses polarity, causing the thyristor (T3 & T4) to naturally turn off. However,

the load continuously conducts until the charges are present in the inductor (RL laod) in the
reverse direction.
PROCEDURE:
(a) To study the working of a single-phase semi controlled full wave rectifier connected to
R& RL load
Figure 2.1 Circuit diagram of a single-phase semi controlled full wave rectifier connected to R load
Figure 2.2 Circuit diagram of a single-phase semi controlled full wave rectifier connected to R-L
load
Procedure:
1. Switch on the power to trigger/firing circuit.

2. Then observe the trigger outputs in CRO and make sure that all the trigger outputs are proper before
connecting to the power circuit.
3. Connect the circuit as shown in figure 2.1.
4. Connect 30V taping of the isolation transformer secondary to the power circuit.
5. Connect trigger pulses from single phase converter firing unit T1 and T2 to Corresponding SCR’s
(T1and T2) in the power circuit.
6. Switch ON the supply .
7. Vary the firing angle from 0 to 180 at equal steps of 300 up to 180 0 correspondingly note down the
output voltage using voltmeter or multimeter for different firing angle (0-180 0) in table 2.1.
8. Calculate the theoretical load voltage Vo by using formula and compare with the measured
value VL.
9. Trace the waveforms across load and devices for different firing angle as shown in figure
2.3(a),(b),(c).
10. Plot the graph between firing angle versus output voltage
11. Repeat the above steps by connecting the circuit as shown in figure 2.2 of R- L load considering
inductor value of 150mH.
(a)
(b)

(c)
Figure 2.3 Wave form across (a) Supply (b) output voltage of R load (c) output voltage across
RL load of single phase semi converter
Table 2.1 Load voltage v/s firing angle data of Semi converter
R Load RL load
Firing angle (α) VL VTH VL VTH
Sl No in degrees in volts in volts in volts in volts
Vm/ (1+ Cos Vm/ (1+
) Cos )
Where 𝑉𝑚 = √2 ∗ 𝑉𝑠
Figure 2.4 Specimen graph of Load voltage v/s firing angle for R , RL Load
(b) To study the working of a single-phase fully controlled full

wave rectifier connected to R and R-L Loads

Figure 2.5 Circuit diagram of single-phase fully controlled rectifier- with R load
Figure 2.6 Circuit diagram of single-phase fully controlled rectifier- with R-L load
PROCEDURE
1. Check the trigger unit, whether the triggering pulses is obtained or not.
2. After ensuring the triggering pulses, rig-up circuit as per the circuit as shown in Figure
2.5 for R load and Figure 2.6 for RL load.
3. Now connect respective triggering points to respective terminals of the thyristors and
keep triggering knob at 1800.
4. Adjust the load rheostat to a particular value say 150Ω.
5. Now switch ON the supply to the transformer and trigger the SCR.
6. Vary the firing angle knob in steps and at each step measure the firing angle α from
CRO and note down the load voltage VL using multi meter.

7. Observe the wave form as shown in figure 2.7 and figure 2.8 for R and RL load
respectively.
8. Calculate the theoretical load voltage VTH by using formula and compare with the
measured value VL.
9. Tabulate the readings in tabular column 2.2.
10. Repeat the steps from 6 to 9, for R-L load with and without freewheeling diode. Take L=
25 mH as shown in the circuit diagram.
11. Plot the graph VL versus α for both R and R-L loads, from the readings tabulated.
Figure 2.7 Wave form across supply , load and Thyristor of single phase fully controlled converter
for R load

Figure 2.8 Wave form across supply, load and Thyristor of single phase fully controlled converter
for R-L load
Table 2.2 Load voltage v/s firing angle data of fully controlled converter
R Load RL load
Firing angle (α) VL VTH VL VTH
Sl No in degrees in volts in volts in volts in volts
VTH VTH
in volts in volts
2𝑉𝑚 2𝑉𝑚
𝐶𝑜𝑠  𝐶𝑜𝑠 
 

Figure 2.9 Specimen graph of Load voltage v/s firing angle for R , RL Load
RESULT
The study of single-phase semi controlled and fully controlled rectifier with R and R-L Load has
been studies and the relevant waveforms are observed and output voltage variation with respect to
firing angle has been plotted.

Experiment No 4: TRIAC-BASED AC VOLTAGE REGULATOR WITH R, R-L, AND

UNIVERSAL MOTOR LOAD.
AIM:
(a) To study the operation of AC voltage using TRIAC connected to R, R-L and universal motor.
1 AC voltage controller kit (TRIAC) TRIAC BT136 1No

2 DIAC based firing kit 1 No
3 Differential module
4 Rheostat (R Load) 290 Ohm 1.6A 1 No
5 Inductance 25mH 1 No
6 Universal Motor
7 CRO
8 Digital tachometer
9 Digital Multimeter
Theory:
Single phase full wave ac voltage controller circuit using two SCRs or a single TRIAC is generally used in
most of the ac control applications. The ac power flow to the load can be controlled in both the half cycles by
varying the trigger angle 'α’. Hence the full wave AC voltage controller is also referred to as to a bi-
directional controller.
The device used to realize AC voltage controller is a TRIAC. It is a bidirectional, three-electrode AC switch
that allows electrons to flow in either direction. It is the equivalent of two SCRs connected in a reverse-
parallel arrangement with gates connected to each other. A TRIAC is triggered into conduction in both
directions by a gate signal like that of an SCR . In this experiment a DIAC is used to trigger the TRIAC.
The working of TRIAC can be done in four kinds of modes like the following.
 MT2 terminal is +ve with respect to MT1 terminal through a positive gate polarity with
respect to MT1 terminal.
 MT2 terminal is +ve with respect to MT1 terminal through a negative gate polarity with
respect to MT1.
 MT2 terminal is negative with respect to MT1 terminal through a negative gate polarity with

 MT2 terminal is negative with respect to MT1 terminal through a positive gate polarity with
The three different types of loads are tested in this experiment to understand the operation
of AC voltage controller. The R,RL and universal motor. Universal motor is a single phase
AC motor , it can operate with AC/DC supply.
Figure 4.1 Circuit Diagram of Ac voltage controller connected to R load
Figure 4.2 Circuit Diagram of AC voltage controller connected to R-L load

Figure 4.4 Circuit Diagram of AC voltage controller connected to Universal Motor as load
PROCEDURE
1. Carefully observe the AC voltage controller kit and familiarize with the terminals given
on the panel.
2. Switch on the power supply to firing kit.
3. Check the firing pulses using CRO
4. Make the connections as per the figure 4.1 keeping R value of 150Ω.
5. Connect the firing pulses to the G and MT1 of TRIAC from the DIAC firing module and
witch on the supply to AC voltage controller kit.
6. Vary the firing angle knob (POT) and observe the wave form at CRO (similar to figure
4.4 for R load and figure 4.5 for RL load) and calculate 𝛽=1800- α, correspondingly note
down the load voltage (VL) using .multimeter
7. Tabulate the reading in the table 4.1.
8. Calculate the theoretical load voltage VTH by using formula given in table.
9. Plot the graph VL versus α from the readings tabulated.
10. Repeat the above steps for R-L load by connecting the circuit shown in figure 4.2.
(Considering load resistance RL to 150Ω and inductance (L) of 25 mH).
Procedure for Universal Motor load
11. Connect the circuit shown in figure 4.4. (Considering load as universal motor).
12. Note down the name plate details of the universal motor.
13. Connect the firing pulses to the G and MT1 of TRIAC from the firing module and keep
triggering knob at maximum i.e. α=1800
14. .Switch on the supply to the kit
15. For each value of ‘α ‘note down the speed of the motor by using tachometer and also note
down the corresponding load voltage in table 4.2.
16. Vary the firing knob in such a way that, the speed of the motor should not exceed than
the rated speed of the motor.

17. After completion of experiment, bring back firing know to initial position and then switch
OFF the firing unit and main supply.
18. Tabulate the readings and plot the graphs of speed N v/s VL.
Table 4.1 : AC voltage controller reading connected to R, RL Load
R Load R-L load

Firing angle 𝛽=1800- α VL VTHRMS 𝛽=1800- α VL VTHRMS
Sl (α) (conduction in volts in volts (conduction in volts in volts
No in degrees angle) angle)
1 sin 2𝛼
𝑉𝑇𝐻𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 𝑉𝑆 √[ (𝜋 − 𝛼 + )]
𝜋 2
Table 4.2 : AC voltage controller reading connected to Universal motor
Firing angle (α) N in rpm VL

Sl No in degrees in volts

Figure 4.4 Waveforms of AC voltage controller for R load
Figure 4.5 Waveforms of AC voltage controller for RL load

Figure 4.6(a) Specimen graph Figure 4.6(b) Specimen graph of Figure 4.6(c) Specimen graph
of VL v/s α for R load VL v/s α for R-L load of N v/s VL of universal
motor load
RESULT: Operation of AC voltage controller for different types of load is observed

Experiment No 5: SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR USING, SEMI-CONVERTER, AND

MOSFET-BASED CHOPPER
AIM:
(a) Speed control of DC motor using semi converter
(b) Speed of DC motor using MOSFET based chopper
1 SCR based semi converter module 1No

2 MOSFET based chopper module 1 No
3 Firing pulse module 1 No
5 DC motor 1 No
5 Digital Multi meter 1 No
6 Tacho meter 1 No
7 Single phase isolation transformer 230/60 V 1No
Theory:
Speed control of DC motor is realized through armature voltage control and flux control. In
this experiment it is demonstrated by two different types of power electronic controllers.
Both types of control use the concept of armature voltage control principle.
Semi Converter: In order to get a controllable dc output voltage from the rectifier circuit,
phase-controlled rectifiers are used. In a semi or half-controlled converter, one quadrant
operation is obtained i.e., only positive voltage and current will be obtained at the output.
This type of converter circuit uses two thyristors and two diodes for the rectification process.
The use of bridge-type configuration in converter circuits increases the average load voltage
and improves the power factor and input current waveform
Chopper circuits are known as DC to DC converters. Similar to the transformers of the AC
circuit, choppers are used to step up and step down the DC power. They change the fixed DC
power to variable DC power. Using these, DC power supplied to the devices can be adjusted to
the required amount. The chopper can be viewed as an ON/OFF switch that can rapidly connect
or disconnect the source to load connection. Continuous DC is given as source to the chopper as
Vs and chopped DC is obtained across the load as V0.
PROCEDURE:
(a) Speed control of DC motor using semi converter
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram shown in figure 5.1.
2. Note down the name plate details of the DC motor
3. Switch on the power supply to firing pulse module and check for firing pulses
Switch on the supply to converter module after connecting firing pulses to respective
terminals of SCR say G1 K1 of firing module to G1 K1 of SCR module and similarly G2
K2.
4. Keep the firing angle knob at maximum position.
5. Reduce the firing angle knob or (POT) in steps and note down the corresponding voltage
across armature and speed of the motor.
6. Tabulate the reading in tabular column Table 5.1
7. Plot the graph of Vo v/s α and N v/s α.
Figure: 5.1 Circuit diagram of speed control of DC motor using semi converter
Table 5.1: Readings of DC motor controlled by semi converter
SL No α in degrees N (RPM) VO (V)

Figure 5.2 Specimen graph of speed v/s Delay angle and speed v/s armature voltage
(b) Speed of DC motor using MOSFET based chopper
 .
Figure: 5.3 Circuit diagram of speed control of DC motor using Chopper
1. Connections are made as shown in the Figure 5.3.

2. Keep frequency knob at minimum position or keep constant.
3. The duty cycle of the chopper is varied in steps and at each step note down the corresponding
armature voltage VAA and speed of the motor in rpm in Table 5.2.
4. Plot the graphs of speed (N) v/s Duty cycle and N V/s VAA are plotted.
Where Duty Cycle α = Ton / (Ton + Toff)
T= Ton + Toff
Output Voltage = α Vin

Table 5.2: Readings of DC motor controlled by Chopper
SL No DUTY CYCLE IN % VAA (V) N (RPM)

(D= Ton/T)
Figure 5.4 Specimen graph of speed v/s Delay angle and speed v/s armature voltage
RESULT: DC motor speed control with a semi converter and chopper circuit is studied and the
variation of speed with respect to voltage v/s firing angle, voltage v/s duty cycle is observed and the results
are plotted.

Experiment No 8 : STUDY OF SCR TURN-ON CIRCUITS- UJT BASED

TRIGGERING AND DIGITAL FIRING
AIM:
(a) To study the turn on circuits of SCR using synchronized UJT Relaxation oscillator and
observe the triggering pulses.
(b) To study the turn on circuits of SCR ( Single phase half controlled rectifier with R load )
using Digital firing circuit
1 UJT Triggering Kit - 1No

2 Rheostat 290 Ω/1.6A 1 No
3 Multimeter - 1 No
4 CRO 20KHz
8 Digital triggering kit
6 SCR
Theory:
SCR can be turned on by various methods. Gate triggering is one of the commonly used methods.
In this experiment two different methods of triggering circuits are studied. (a) With synchronized
UJT and (b) Turn on SCR of half controlled rectifier with digital firing circuit.
UJT has negative resistance characteristic; because of this character the UJT provides trigger pulse.
Any one of the three terminals can be taken for triggering pulse. The UJT can be used as relaxation
oscillator i.e. it produces non-sinusoidal waves. First the capacitor ‘C’ starts charging through the
resistor R when VBB is switched on. During the charging of the capacitor, the voltage across it
increases exponentially until it reaches to the peak point voltage V P. Till now, the UJT is in off
state, i.e. no conducting state at which RB1 value is high. When the voltage across the capacitor
reaches to peak point voltage (VP) then, UJT comes into conducting state as the junction is forward
biased and RB1 falls to low value .Then the capacitor ‘C’ quickly discharges through UJT that
means the discharging time is very less as the capacitor discharges through the low resistance UJT.
When the voltage across the capacitor decreases to valley point voltage (V V) then the UJT shifts to
off state and once again the capacitor gets charged through the resistor R and this process is
repeated. This generates saw-tooth wave forms.
A gate trigger circuit for thryistor in phase controlled rectifier should have a zero crossing detection
of the input voltage and generation of trigger pulses of required wave shape. The digital firing circuit
consists of a pulse amplifier, a zero crossing detector, pulse generator, comparator in it.

Figure 8.1 Circuit diagram of UJT used as relaxation oscillator
Figure 8.2 The sample wave forms at each point of triggering circuit

Figure 8.3 Static characteristics of UJT
PROCEDURE
(a) To study the turn on circuits of SCR using synchronized UJT Relaxation
oscillator and observe the triggering pulses
1. Connect the triggering circuit as shown in Figure 8.1

2. Switch on the triggering circuit
3. Check the voltage across the zener diode, voltage across the capacitor V c and finally for the
triggering pulses using CRO as shown in Figure 8.2.
4. Keep the potentiometer in the middle of its range.
5. Observe the waveform (triggering pulses) on CRO and note down the corresponding values of as
shown in Figure 8.3 say peak point, valley point.
6. Switch OFF the supply.
.
Figure 8.4 Circuit diagram of Digital firing circuit

Figure 8.5 Power circuit of half controlled single phase rectifier -SCR fired by Digital firing
circuit
Figure 8.6 Wave forms of half controlled single phase rectifier
(b) To study the turn on circuits of SCR ( Single phase half controlled rectifier with
R load ) using Digital firing circuit
1. Carefully observe the kit and familiarize with the terminals given on the panel.
2. Make connections on the kit to realize the circuit shown in figure 8.8.
3. Switch ON the power supply to the firing kit.
4. Keep the firing angle knob at maximum position.
5. Reduce the firing angle in steps, at each step measure the load voltage V L using multi meter
and note down the corresponding conduction angle β from the CRO.
6. Observe the wave forms using CRO across Load, supply and thyristor is shown in figure
8.6.
7. At each step calculate the firing angle α by using the formula α=180 0-β.
8. Calculate the theoretical load voltage VTH by using the formula, compare with the measured
value VL.
9. Tabulate the readings.
10. Plot the graph VL versus α.
Where 𝑉𝑚 = √2 ∗ 𝑉𝑠
Table 8.1The readings of single phase Half bridge converter with R load
Sl. No β α=1800-β VLOAD(V) 𝑉𝑚
VTH(V)= (1 +
2𝜋
cos 𝛼 )
Figure 8.7 Specimen graph of Load voltage v/s firing angle
RESULT: The study of UJT as relaxation oscillator and DC study the turn on circuits of SCR ( Single phase
half controlled rectifier with R load ) using Digital firing circuit the variation of speed with respect to voltage
v/s firing angle, is observed and the results are plotted.

PELAB MANUAL - AY 23-24 CYCLE 1-5 Ver1

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POWER ELECTRONICS LABLABORATORY MANUAL

Course Code: 21EEL66

Name of the Student:

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Vision of the Institute

Program Educational Objective

Program Specific Outcomes [PSO]

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Power Electronics Laboratory

At the end of the course, students will be able to:

PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO1 PO1 PO1 PSO PSO PSO

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Experiment Title of the Experiments Hours CO’s

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SEE –Semester End Examination Lab (50 Marks)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Experiment Title of the Experiments Hours CO’s

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

 Notify the faculty or instructor immediately in case of MCB tripping, sparks, or

 Refrain from running or engaging in any form of play within the

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Contents of the Record:

On Right side of the record:

On Left side of the record:

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Experiment No 1: STATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SCR, MOSFET & IGBT

Sl No Apparatus Required Make/Specification Quantity in No

1 SCR Module 1No

Department of EEE , DSCE Bengaluru Page 1

Figure 1.1 Circuit diagram to obtain static characteristics of SCR

(i) To obtain the V-I characteristics of SCR

Department of EEE , DSCE Bengaluru Page 2

(ii) To find the holding current ( IH )

(iii) To find the latching current ( IL )

Table 1.1: V-I characteristics of SCR reading

SL. No VAK (V) IA (mA)

SL. No Holding Current (IH) Latching Current (IL)

Department of EEE , DSCE Bengaluru Page 3

Figure 1.2 V-I Characteristics of SCR

Figure 1.3 Circuit diagram to obtain static characteristics of MOSFET

Table 1.2 Transfer characteristics of MSOFET reading

SL. No VGS (V) ID (mA)

Figure 1.4 Specimen Transfer characteristics of MOSFET

Department of EEE , DSCE Bengaluru Page 5

(ii) To Obtain Output characteristics of MOSFET

Table 1.3 V-I data to obtain output characteristics of MSOFET

Figure 1.5 Specimen Output characteristics of MOSFET

Department of EEE , DSCE Bengaluru Page 6

Figure 1.6 Circuit diagram to obtain characteristics of IGBT

To Obtain transfer characteristics of IGBT

1. Rig up the circuit as shown in the Figure 1.6.

To Obtain output characteristics of IGBT

Table 1.3 V-I data to obtain transfer characteristics of IGBT

Department of EEE , DSCE Bengaluru Page 7

Figure 1.7 Specimen graph of transfer characteristics of IGBT