D. Y.

Patil College of Engineering and

Technology, Kolhapur. (An Autonomous
Institute)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Lab Manual

Technical Communication

TY B. Tech CSE

Year 2022-23
 D. Y. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Academic Year 2022-23
Name of the course –Technical Communication
Class – TY
Course Code: 201CSP322 Sem – VI
Faculty: Mrs. Sana Shaikh
Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme

Theory : 0 Hrs./Week ISE : 25 Marks

Practical : 2 Hrs./Week ESE OE : 25 Marks

List of Assignments
Sr. No Name of Assignment CO Mapped

01 Work Ethics (Organizational Etiquettes and Body Language Etiquettes)

02 Conduction of Team Meetings 1, 2

03 Project Report writing 1, 2, 3

04 Technical Paper writing 1, 2, 3

05 Technical paper presentation 1, 2, 3

06 Job application writing 1, 2, 3

07 Conference paper writing / study recent paper 2, 3,4

08 Research on an IT industry and write a report 2,4,5

09 Pre-interview preparation 2,4,5

10 Develop interview file 2,4,5

11 Interview process through play 1,5

12 Write a Movie review 1,5

13 Presentation on KPO

Prepared by: Checked by: Verified by:

Approved by:
Course Coordinator Module Coordinator Program Coordinator
HOD
 ASSIGNMENT NO. 1
Work Ethics (Organizational Etiquettes and Body Language Etiquettes)
Aim: To perform practical on Work Ethics (Organizational Etiquettes and Body Language
Etiquettes)

Theory:
What is Work Ethics?

Workplace ethics are the moral guidelines that an organization as a whole, and the individuals
who comprise it, follow to comply with state and federal laws. Ethics also are the basis of
cohesive, supportive company culture and an important way for a company to build a strong
relationship with its customers. Employees may also find it challenging and uncomfortable to
survive and work for the long term in businesses where a strong work ethic is lacking. Many
companies make their work ethics into marketing points, such as Chipotle advertising that it
does not source meat from suppliers that use artificial hormones or antibiotics in their meat
production. Similarly, Lush’s commitment to minimizing waste by using recycled materials
for its labels and paper packaging is based on their ethics.

What are some examples of Work Ethics ?

In most cases, work ethics in an organization are derived from secular values like:

• trustworthiness
• integrity
• fairness
• responsibility
• accountability
• loyalty
• comradery
• citizenship
• respect
• caring
In many industries, workplace ethics are derived from laws and industry regulations. In
the United States, employers are required to comply with the safety laws enforced by the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration and anti-discrimination laws enforced by
the Equal Employment Opportunity.
Commission. The protections these laws offer to employees can be used as a springboard
to create workplace ethics, such as:
• anti-discrimination policies
• anti-harassment policies
• policies for interactions with clients
• safety policies
Why are Work Ethics important?

Workplace ethics are important because they keep all members of an organization
accountable for their actions. Maintaining a strong, ethical code creates a sense of
security through boundaries for employees. It also enables management to make
decisions that benefit the company as a whole while meeting consumer and employee
needs.
By creating boundaries for employees at all levels, workplace ethics help employees feel
valued. In a workplace with no ethical standards, an employee might feel like she cannot
speak to a supervisor about her sexual harassment experience, or as if she has no guidance
on how to manage interactions with a difficult customer. Just as in romantic and family
relationships, ethics serve to create healthy relationships between colleagues.
Workplace ethics matter outside the workplace, too. In today’s online world, every
company is under close public scrutiny. Maintaining ethical standards helps companies
maintain strong relationships with consumers by setting precedents in their industries that
command respect.
What are the types of Work Ethics in an organization? 1.Reliability : A dependable
employee is an excellent teammate. The person you hire will be dependable if they have a
high work ethic, and they'll deliver to the best of their ability on every project they work on.
These employees also know how to prioritize tasks and make sure that everything is
completed on time and correctly.

2. Dedication : Commitment and dedication are important parts of a good work ethic. These
employees are focused on the tasks at hand, even when they're interrupted. They stay on task
and work until they finish their duties.These employees usually don't leave one company for
long periods of time, but they're usually loyal to one company for years or decades as well.
3. Discipline : A highly disciplined employees is someone who meets or exceeds
expectations, seeks opportunities to learn skills and improve their performance, and
does not take the job for granted.
4. Productivity : Outstanding productivity is the result of a strong work ethic. Employees
that are productive generally outperform their peers. They finish tasks ahead of schedule and
go above and beyond the call of duty.
Discipline is an essential part of a good work ethic. Highly disciplined employees show
determination and commitment to the job. They strive to meet or exceed expectations,
seeking opportunities to learn new skills that will help them perform better.
5. Cooperation : Employees who coordinate freely on initiatives frequently disseminate a
healthy work ethic people around them.Team building ensures that they work well together
and immediately aid others when required.
6. Integrity : Maintaining professional integrity entails adhering to strong moral ideas.
Those with a high work ethic also have exceptional integrity. They are truthful, respectful,
and kind to others.
7. Responsibility : A strong workplace ethic necessitates a sharp feeling of responsibility.
Ethical and responsible people hold themselves accountable for their conduct. They will
accept responsibility for errors they have caused and will strive diligently to resolve these
issues.
8. Professionalism : Professionalism is usually always maintained by employees
that have a strong work ethic. They demonstrate a professional demeanour in the way
they dress, speak, and conduct themselves. They’re respectful, focused, organized and
neat.
Work ethic defines the values you have set to guide you through the world of work and
determine your standing in a company.
Characteristics of positive work ethics:

• Optimistic Attitude
• Professionalism
• Good Attendance
• Punctuality
• Hardworking
• Goal-Oriented
• Accomplishment Driven
• Self-Disciplined
• Time Management Focused

• Reliability
• Productivity
• Accountability
Work etiquette is an expected code of behavior that defines expectations for social
behavior. Etiquette requires presenting yourself in a manner considered appropriate by
others. Here are some behaviors to consider :

• Reading and Responding Professionally to Emails

• Delivering an Impressive Handshake
• Introductions in Social Settings
• Entering and Exiting a Group
• Initiating Conversations
• Business Card Protocol
• Follow-Up Strategies
• Using Cell Phones Thoughtfully
• Virtual Meeting Presence
5 Workplace Etiquette Tips Every Professional Should Know :-

• Make a Good First Impression

• Avoid Gossip

• Communication is Key

• Understand your Work Environment

• Be Personable Yet Professional

The three main principles of social media ethics and etiquette are:

1. Authenticity - people will respond positively if you are sincere.

2. Transparency - having hidden agendas will only count against you.
3. Communication - getting to know people as they are and letting them get
to know you.
Types of Etiquettes :

1. Social Etiquette - Social etiquette is important for an individual as it teaches him

how to behave within the society in just and appropriate manner.
2. Business Etiquette- Business Etiquette refers to how an individual should
behave while he is at work. It also includes ways to conduct a certain
business in a prescribed manner. Don’t ever cheat customers. It is simply
unethical. Eacone needs to maintain the decorum of the organization. Don’t
loiter around unnecessarily or peep into other’s cubicles.
3. Meeting Etiquette- Meeting Etiquette refers to styles one need to adopt when he
is attending any meeting, seminar, presentation and so on. Listen to what the
other person has to say. Never enter meeting room without a notepad and pen. It
is important to jot down important points for future reference.
4. Interview Etiquette- Interview etiquette refers to codes of conduct an individual
must follow while appearing for interviews.
5. Telephone Etiquette : - It is essential to learn how one should interact with the
other person over the phone. Telephone etiquette refers to the way an individual
should speak on the phone. Never put the other person on long holds. Make sure
you greet the other person. Take care of your pitch and tone.
6. Eating Etiquette- Individuals must follow certain decorum while eating in
public. Don’t make noise while eating. One should not leave the table unless and
until everyone has finished eating.
 7. Business Etiquettes : Business Etiquette refers to set of rules an individual must
follow while he is at work. One must respect his organization and maintain the
decorum of the place.Business Etiquette refers to behaving sensibly and
appropriately at the workplace to create an everlasting impression. No one would
take you seriously if you do not behave well at the workplace. Remember we can’t
behave the same way at work place as we behave at our homes. One needs to be
professional and organized. It is important to behave well at the workplace to earn
respect and appreciation.
8. Dress Code/ Clothing Etiquettes :-

1. One must dress as per the occasion. Avoid wearing jeans, capris, shorts, T -Shirts
or sleeveless dresses to work.
2. Follow a professional dress code. Make sure you feel comfortable in whatever
you wear.
3. It is not always necessary to wear expensive clothes rather wear
something which looks good on you.
4. Choose professional colours like black, blue, brown, grey for official attire.
5. Bright colours look out of place in corporate. Light and subtle colours exude
elegance and professionalism and look best in offices.
6. Make sure your clothes are clean and ironed. One should never go shabbily
dressed to work. Prefer wrinkle free clothes.
7. Hair should be neatly combed and kept short. Spikes hairstyle looks good only in
parties and informal get together. Females should tie their hair. It gives a neat
look.
Male Employees :-

• Male employees ideally should combine a simple shirt with trousers. Make sure
the colours are well coordinated. Prefer a light colour shirt with a dark trouser
and vice a versa.
• Do not wear designer shirts to work. Prefer plain cotton or linen wrinkle free
shirts in neutral colours. Go for brands like Zodiac, Arrow, Colorplus, Louis
Philippe, Allensolly etc. These brands offer good collection of formal office shirts.
• The shirt should be properly tucked into the trouser for the
professional
• look. Prefer full sleeves shirts at workplace. Never roll up your sleeves.
• Silk ties look best on professionals. Don’t go for designer ties. The tie should
neither be too short nor too long. The tip of the tie ideally should touch the
bottom of the belt buckle. Slim ties are not meant for offices.
• Wear leather belts to work preferably in black or brown shades. Do not
wear belts with flashy and broad buckles.

• Socks must be well coordinated with the outfit.

• Don’t wear shoes that make noise while walking.
 • Prefer soft leather shoes in black or brown colour. Make sure your shoes are
polished and laces properly tied. Never wear sports shoes or sneakers to work.
• Shave daily. Use a good after shave lotion and make sure your skin does not
look dry and flaky.
• Body odour is a big turn off. One must always smell good in public.

• Use a mild perfume or deodorant.

Female Employee :-

• Females should not wear revealing clothes to work. Avoid wearing outfits which
expose much of your body parts. Wear clothes which fit you best.
• Don’t wear too tight or loose clothes.
• Understand the basic difference between a party wear and office attire. Never
wear low neck blouses to work. Blouses with deep back or noodle straps are a
strict no no at the workplace. Avoid transparent saris.
• Females who prefer westerns can opt for light coloured shirts with dark well fitted
trousers. A scarf makes you look elegant.
• Never wear heavy jewellery to work. Avoid being a make up box. Nude make up
does wonders. Nails should be trimmed and prefer natural shades for nail paint.
• Avoid wearing sharp pointed heels to work.
• The colour of the handbag must coordinate with the outfit.
• Eyebrow, naval, lip piercing must be avoided at the workplace.

PROFESSIONALISM, ETIQUETTE, AND ETHICAL BEHAVIOUR :-

The communication skills employers desire are aspects of professional behaviour. A

recurring theme has been the importance of being nice. The logic is that, if you’re nice and
the people you work with and for, like you because they feel that they can trust you and are
productive when you collaborate with them, you’ll keep your job and be presented with
attractive new opportunities.
Let us look closer at behaviours that will get you liked by people and open doors for you:
Professional Behaviour in the Workplace

• Business Etiquette
• Integrity
• Expertise

PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIOUR IN THE WORKPLACE

Professional communication must always cater for the audience. This is true especially
in a face-to-face interaction where, unlike with written communication, you can assess
audience reaction in real time and adjust your message accordingly. In this place, the
responsibility of behaving professionally in the workplace solely lies on you. When we
speak of professional behaviour, we mean the following aspects that generally fall under
the banner of soft skills:
 1. Civility : simply means behaving respectfully towards everyone you interact with.
Being civilised means following the golden rule: treat others as you expect to be treated
yourself. The opposite of civility is being rude and aggressive, which creates conflict and
negatively affects productivity in the workplace because it creates a so-called chilly
climate or a toxic work environment. Such a workplace makes people uncomfortable,
miserable, or angry—not with emotions but normally conducive for people doing their
best at work.
2. Social Intelligence : In the decades you’ve been immersed in the various cultures
you’ve passed through; you’ve come to understand the (often
unspoken) rules of decent social interaction. Having social intelligence means following
those rules to cooperate and get along with others, especially in conversation. This
includes reading nonverbal cues so that you know:

• How and when to initiate conversation

• When it’s your turn to speak and when to listen to keep a
conversation going
• What to say and what not say
• How to say what you mean in a manner that will be understood by your
audience
• When and how to use humour effectively and when not to How and when to end
conversation gracefully ?
3. Emotional Intelligence : Like social intelligence, emotional intelligence (EI) involves
being a good reader of people in social contexts, being able to distinguish different
emotions, and knowing what to do about them regarding others and yourself. Strong EI
means knowing how a person is likely to react to what you’re about to say and adjusting
your message accordingly, and then adjusting again according to how they actually react.
Though we often hide our inner emotional state—smiling and looking happy when we’re
feeling down or wearing a neutral “poker face” to mask our excitement—in professional
situations, EI enables us to get a sense of what others are actually feeling despite how they
appear. It involves reading subtle nonverbal signals such as eye movements, facial
expressions and fleeting micro-expressions, posture, hands, and body movements for how
they betray inner feelings different from the outward show. Beyond merely reading people,
however, EI also requires knowing how to act, such as empathising when someone is upset
—even if
they’re trying to hide it and show strength—because you recognise that you would be
upset yourself if you were in their positiondifferent emotional state before communicating
about it.

8. Timing : There’s a time and place for expressing your emotions. Expressing your
anger when you’re at the height of your fury might be a bad move if it moves you to
say things, you’ll later regret. Waiting to cool down so that you can tactfully express
your disappointment will get the best results if it’s an important matter. If it’s a trivial
matter, however, waiting to realise that it’s not worth the effort, can save you the
trouble of dealing with the fallout of a strong and regrettable reaction.
.
 9. Trust : You must trust that the person you share your feelings with will respect your
privacy and keep whatever you say confidential or at least not use it against you.
10. Social charms : Include all the subtle behavioural niceties that make you likeable.
They include manners such as being polite, etiquette (e.g., dining etiquette), and your
style of dress and accessories. Here is a list some of the behaviours associated with
social charms :
• Saying please when asking someone to do something
• Saying thank you when given something you accept
• Saying no, thank you, but thanks for the offer when offered
something you refuse
• Complimenting someone for something they’ve done well
• Speaking positively about others and refraining from negative
comments
• Smiling often
• Being a good listener
Of course, there is much more to social grace but let’s focus now on specific situations in
which social grace is expressed.

What is body language?

Body language includes a range of nonverbal methods of communication that you can use
to communicate your intentions and feelings. Body language includes facial expressions,
gestures, postures and other movement-based signals. Body language can be conscious or
unconscious and is often combined with verbal communication .In many situations, body
language is one of the more crucial elements of communication.

Types of body language

Some specific types of body language include:

• Facial expressions like smiling, frowning or rolling your eyes

• Gestures like waving, beckoning someone to come closer or counting on your
fingers
• Postures like slumping, sitting up straight or leaning away from someone
• Eye contact
• or lack of eye contact
• Forms of touch like a handshake, hug or pat on the arm
• Body movements like shrugging or clapping.
Conclusion :
These aspects of etiquette are significant as you enter the allied health industry. In
conclusion, work ethic is a very important quality of effective teams as well as
individual workers. It benefits the people working, as well as who they are working for.
A positive attitude when carrying out tasks is also beneficial to everyone involved, as it is
often inspired by a good work ethic.
 ASSIGNMENT NO. 2
Conduction of Team Meetings
Aim: To perform practical on Conduction of Team Meetings.

Theory:
What is a formal meeting?

Generally, a formal meeting is precisely what it sounds like. It’s an assembly of

two or more people gathered to discuss (and hopefully achieve!) a common goal.
These meetings are often highly structured events with rules of order, pre-planned
topics, and clear objectives. The structure might give several people highly
specific roles to

Formal meetings are a vehicle for discussion among teams and company
leadership. Everyone present can share relevant information quickly,
efficiently, and hopefully in an engaging way, while opening the floor to a
constructive dialogue. Meetings conducted formally can create a collaborative
environment where ideas can be shared, workshopped, and accepted within a
predetermined timeframe.

In short: Formal meetings are great for keeping everyone, especially

management, up to date on just about anything. Changes happening within the
organization, measures for accountability and transparency, project planning –
it’s all on the table at a formal meeting.

What is the purpose of a formal meeting?

The purpose of a formal meeting is to discuss the list of predetermined topics and
address the set of objectives, and make decisions relating to them. Formal
meetings are a requirement of some companies to promote transparency and
accountability. These meeting allow proper discussions to be taken about issues
within the company.
2
What are the different types of formal meetings?

Annual General Meeting – These are usually a requirement of a company.

Employees and Shareholders will meet to discuss progress in the past year,
and what to do in the next one.

Planning Meetings – Groups will gather together to plan what to do and how to
do it.

Review Meetings – Participants will gather to discuss what has been done,
how successful it was and whether it could have been done differently.

What’s involved with a formal meeting?

Many formal meetings follow a set pattern. This helps to give the meeting an
organised structure. This pattern is usually set out in an agenda, which is circulated
to participants in advance, along with a copy of the minutes from the last meeting.
At the beginning of a meeting, participants will agree to the accuracy of the
minutes from the last meeting. Attendees will give updates on any action items
from the previous meeting. The items on the agenda will then be discussed.
Minutes (official notes) will be taken throughout the meeting. There often has to
be a certain number of people present for the members to be able to conduct valid
business.

3
Where does a formal meeting fit into the organisational management?

Formal meetings are an essential part of planning, directing and controlling

which are used within a company structure. Important decisions about the
organisation may be taken in formal meetings.

How do formal meetings impact on organisational goals?

Formal meeting help attendees to understand the organisational goals of the

company whilst giving them the chance to discuss and amend these organisational
goals. Decisions are often taken in formal meetings which can affect the
organisational goals of a business.

What terms are used in managing formal meetings?

Agenda – An agenda sets out the structure of the meeting.

Minutes – Minutes are a formal record of the events which occur during a meeting.
Motion – A motion is a proposal or a suggestion within a meeting. Chairperson
– The chairperson is in charge of the meeting and decides who can speak and
when.
Order – If more than one person is speaking at once, or if the meeting is
becoming an argument, rather than a discussion, the chair may call “order”.

4
Quorum – This refers to the minimum number of people required for the
meeting to remain valid.

7 rules for proper remote team meeting etiquette

• Sit in a well-lit room, facing a light source. ...

• Be aware of your surroundings. ...
• Whenever you're not talking, mute the microphone. ...
• Address people by name. ...
• Don't multitask. ...
• Properly point and distance the camera. ...
• Eye contact is important.

5
 ASSIGNMENT NO. 3
Project Report writing
Aim: To perform practical on Project Report writing
Theory:
Steps to Create a Project Report

Creating project reports is an integral part of evaluating project success. Documenting the
lessons learned and sharing them with a larger team in an organized way can help with future
projects. You can use different tools to put together your project report. Here are 7 basic
steps involved in creating a project report -

1. Know Your Objective

Sit down, evaluate your objectives, and understand what you want to describe, explain,
recommend, and prove with your report. Having set goals will not only help you
proceed with your project report but also help readers understand your point of view.

2. Recognize Your Audience

Your audience plays an essential role in making your project report a success. A formal
annual report differs from a financial report: the language, representation of data, and
analysis changes per your target audience.

3. Data Collection

The chances of you having a solid report is when data supports it. Data plays an essential
role in making people believe in your derivations. Also, support your claims by citing
sources such as case studies, surveys, interviews, etc.

4. Structure the Report

A project report is further divided into certain sections. These 4 are the most common
divisions of a project report -

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 Summary - The summary gives the reader a download of all covered in the project report.
Even though a summary is placed at the beginning of a project report, you can only write
it once your entire report is complete.
 Introduction - Mention the outline of the report, give context and mention the scope and
methodologies used in the report.
 Body - This is the lengthy section of the report as it contains background details, analysis,
data, and graphics.
 Conclusion - This section brings the entire project report together.

5. Edit and Proofread

Once your project report is ready, read it multiple times with some time gap. You can ask your
co-workers to review it.

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 TECHNICAL COMMUNICATTION LABORATORY

Project Report Objectives

Every project report starts with a solid project report objective. Your objective should provide
precise direction for the rest of the report. Consider what purpose you want your project report
to serve. Are you describing new risks or explaining project delays? Or will your report focus
on persuading management teams or stockholders to invest additional funds into the project?

A thorough understanding of your objective will help guide you in writing the report and
make the purpose of the report clear to all stakeholders.

Here are a few examples of project report objectives:

 Requesting approval for a new project

 Tracking the progress of the project
 Identifying and managing risks
 Managing costs and budgets
 Requesting financial assistance

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Project Report Components

 Your project report will be bursting with essential information about your project. Although
the content of your report will differ depending on the type of report you’re creating, keeping
your report organized will make it easy for the reader to follow along without missing any
critical points. Organize your data and content into sections that allow all stakeholders to
quickly reference.
 Consider including some of the following project report components:
 Executive Summary
 The first section of your report will likely include an executive summary. The brief overview
should provide all the essential takeaways from the report, allowing the reader to understand the
report's contents without having to read through all of the project details.
 Project Progress
 This component includes real metrics that track your project’s progress. It offers an overview of
the project's status and budget while identifying risks or issues that may have emerged. Helping
project management and other stakeholders reflect on the project schedule and make
amendments as needed.
 Risks and Risk Management
 What risks have developed that may affect the quality, timeline, or budget of your project?
How will you control these emerging elements? It’s inevitable that all projects will face risks,
so it’s how you intend to manage those risks that’s important to the project team and
stakeholders. Include a detailed analysis of the risk, your proposed solutions, and how these
new elements will affect the project as a whole.
 Budget
 Are your financials where they need to be for the current status of your project? Will more
capital be required to reach your goals effectively? Provide a detailed overview of the allocation
of your budget including materials, labor, and operating costs.
 Reflect on your project goals. Is the project behind, ahead, or on schedule? How will any
changes to your timelines affect your budget or resources

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 overview of tasks that have already been completed and a comprehensive schedule of remaining
tasks.
 Resources
 Resources may include materials, machinery, or even funding required to complete your project.
Provide a detailed summary of your current resource allocation. What are detrimental resources
for your project running low? Are there any excess amounts?
 Team Performance
 Is your team completing tasks efficiently? Are there any skill or knowledge gaps that need to
be addressed? Compare your team’s performance to your initial goals to identify the group’s
progress.
 Conclusion

Project Report Use Cases

There are several common use cases for project reports in project management. These
include:

Project Status Report

A project status report is used regularly throughout a project to communicate the project’s
progress in conjunction with the original project plan. The status report of a project provides all
stakeholders with updates on the project’s development and performance. Your status report may
cover issues or risks that have emerged and include your amended project plan.

Project Tracking Report

A project tracking report offers real numbers, metrics, and other key indicators that measure the
project’s overarching progress. This comprehensive report covers all aspects of the project,
including project status, tasks, project team performance, and how much of the project has been
completed.

Project Performance Report

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Performance reports provide an overview of the project’s progress, a breakdown of
resource allocation, and costs to date. Your performance report will help monitor
the project’s current direction and forecast how well it will perform.

Project Health Report

A health report offers an analysis of any problem areas or risks within your project.
Completing a project health report can help identify any potential issues before
they occur, saving you time, money, and resources.

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 TECHNICAL COMMUNICATTION LABORATORY
ASSIGNMENT NO.4
Technical Paper writing
Aim: To perform practical on Technical Paper writing

Theory:

What is a Technical Paper ?

A technical report is a document that describes the process, progress, or results of technical or
scientific research or the state of a technical or scientific research problem. It might also include
recommendations and conclusions of the research.

What is the size of a Technical Paper ?

• Limit your paper to eight pages in A4 inclusive of figures, references and the main text.
• For publishing requirement, limit the paper to four, six or eight pages in total.
• It is really challenging to prepare a concise report reflecting all your efforts of complete
project work which would have been carried out for six months or more.
• Page 210x297 mm, Margins Top, Bottom 25.4 mm, Inside 36mm, Outside 18 mm, (mirror
margins) Gutter 0 mm, Header 12.7 mm, Footer 12.7 mm.

ELEMENTS OF TECHNICAL PAPER :-

• Title
• Abstract
• Acknowlegdement
• Introduction
• Methodology
• Results and discussion
• Conclusions
• Nomenclature (optional)
• Appendices (optional)
• References

WRITING :-

• Individual reporting - You share ideas, data and results with your You share ideas, data and
results with your group members. You need to write your own project report though.
• Writing style -
1. Avoid subjective comments, and use of personal pronouns; use passive voice
instead

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2. Write directly, avoid words that are not useful such as:
• “In order to”
• “the purpose of this experiment is to”
3. No. of significant figures in numbers should reflect accuracy of
measurement.

Structure of Technical Paper :

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Detail format for the technical paper is explained as follows:

TITLE:- The title must not to short or too long. It can be different from your thesis,
depend on what are you focusing in the technical paper.

ABSTRACT: This is the synopsis of your technical paper. Normally it is consist of

problem statement, aim or objective of your research in the technical paper, methodology,
main finding, analyses and conclusions.

 Abstract should be around 250 words with three paragraphs first paragraph giving the
introduction, second paragraph describing the methodology adopted and the third
paragraph discussing the main results and conclusions.(word Astract in TNR, italics,
12, justified text in TNR, 9, justified)
 Abstract must be self explanatory and complete by itself. Since it represents
everything contained in the paper, great care must be taken to choose appropriate
words and phrases.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: Please write you acknowledgement here.

INTRODUCTION: You may write a short literature review here. In the second last
paragraph, please mention the research gap that you found from your reading. In the last
paragraph, write the objective of your research, methodology and research condition
that you have conducted.

METHODOLOGY: Explain the main method and procedure on how you conducting this
research. It is including the materials' properties and analyses procedure. Please discuss
with your supervisor. Every research theme has it own style in writing the methodology.

RESULT & DISCUSSION:- Here, you need to show your results. Normally, a few graph
need to be shown in this section. Make sure your figure is "self-explained" and read-able.
Font in the figure is not too small. Figure must be clear and not blur. The important one here
is the discussion. You need to explain the reason why your result occur like that. What is the
similarity or contradiction between your results and other researchers. What theory can be
used to explain your finding. Again, you need to discuss with your supervisor. You may get a
lot of explaination of your result from the literature review writing.
CONCLUSION: Write a conclusion here from the results that you show
in the previous section. Result and conclusion in the technical paper may
be different with your conclusion in your thesis. It is depends on how you
want to focus your writing in the technical paper.
APPENDICES:- A technical paper can present one or more appendixes.
This section is optional and contains information no strictly necessary to
understanding of the paper, but may further clarifies a point without
burdening the body of the paper. Moving text to the appendix is a good
way to reduce the pages of the main portion of your paper, and to preserve
the pace of reading. Appendices usually contain long program codes, Page 9|6
rigorous and tedious proofs, mathematical background of a key concept
which is not well documented, and detailed instructions of reproducing an
experiment.
 TECHNICAL COMMUNICATTION LABORATORY
NOMENCLATURE:-

 Nomenclature includes the explanation for all the symbols used in

the paper. The symbols must be listed in the alphabetical order
capitals first and lower case letters next lastly the Greek and special
symbols. Include the units as well.
 Abbreviations gives the expansions for acronyms or short names
used in the paper.

REFERENCES:- Please write your references correctly, according

the format.

Format  Author AA, Author BB (Year of publication) Title of report. Report

number, Publisher, Place of publication.

 Organisation name (Year of publication) Title of report. Report number,

Publisher, Place of publication.

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 TECHNICAL COMMUNICATTION LABORATORY
ASSIGNMENT NO.5
Technical paper presentation
Aim: To perform practical on Technical paper presentation

Theory:
ABSTRACT—Andrew Griffith, PhD (senior analyst for IPA), authored a paper to address
effective presentation skills (Las Vegas, 2006, DEV.02) [1]. His paper inspired more points
to be addressed in this paper and a few additional ways to present a technical paper. Subjects
include hand-off by multiple presenters, shaping material for an audience, handling tough
audience questions, and finding your presentation style. In 2009, AACE International is
offering a “Green Room” where recognized professional presenters and editors will offer
mentoring services to authors new to presenting and to seasoned professionals who want to
step up their skills. The Green Room and this paper/presentation are offered to help you
overcome the challenges of presenting a paper and become a greater success!
Keywords: Attendees, format, Responsibility, presentation style, slides, and speaking
resentation skills are a balance of data, format, and verbal communication skills. This paper
highlights the important points to an effective presentation; however, there is no substitute for
the actual practice or experience of delivering a live presentation. The ideas in this paper are
a guideline to help make presentations more memorable and dynamic.
The Title :The title is the author’s introduction of the subject to the reader. An effective title
will be descriptive and easy to remember. If the title can be remembered, then chances are the
reader will not take the time to remember the author’s name as well. To be effective, a title
should be about six words or less. Technical papers should not have ambiguous titles such as,
“10 Things We Remembered in the Bog After the Big Storm.” It would be more appropriate
to title it as, “Project Control Issues After Hurricane Katrina.” The reader is given several
items of interest: a period of time (Hurricane Katrina), a location (US Gulf Coast), a subject
(project controls). Ambiguous titles indicate that the paper is only going to be useful to those
who understand the title, or already know the author, or are seeking entertainment like a story
time. If this is a paper being delivered at a conference the attendee may be looking for a break
while waiting on another session to start at the conference. In this case, the author has
attracted a disinterested attendee that may stay, decide to be difficult, or in some cases,
hostile.
The Abstract The purpose of an abstract is to entice potential customers to purchase the
material or attend the presentation. Abstracts that are 100 to 175 words are generally well
received because P they are easy to read and to the point. Longer abstracts tend to be short
versions of the material. Once a potential customer has finished reading the long version,
there is a high likelihood that they will not attend the presentation or purchase the material.
When writing an abstract, keep the best material in the paper. Do not give away good ideas
for free. Authoring a paper is a commercial enterprise. The abstract sells papers, books,
invites authors to conferences, etc. Basic Clarification This document assumes that the author
has written a paper and is preparing a presentation of that research. A technical presentation
without a supporting paper is more “performance” value because there is no instrument to
judge the content of the presentation. If there are no references, bibliography, noPdiscussion,
a g e 11 |
6 concepts
and at the end of the presentation, the audience is left with nothing except a few key
and a good time. This is a disservice to a technical community that depends on research to
 TECHNICAL COMMUNICATTION LABORATORY
advance the field of expertise. Without a paper, presenters (authors, researchers) have no
vehicle available to serve as a calling card to be invited to another conference. Presenter
Responsibility Presenters are invited to speak because they have a subject that is of interest,
they are recognized as a world-class expert, or they have crowd appeal. The key is that they
have been invited and are provided a platform to present. It is the responsibility of the
presenter to control the look and feel of their subject content and themselves. This is not the
responsibility of the inviting organization. Always have a backup plan. If the inviting
organization asks for a copy of the presentation to place into their venue, do not assume that
everything will go smoothly. Keep a copy of the presentation on a flash drive and carry a
laptop computer to the presentation room. If there is a problem with finding the presentation
(it may have been lost, on the wrong session track, a previous revision, etc.), then a current
copy can be quickly uploaded onto the computer. If the conference computer fails, and they
have, then it takes just a few minutes to connect in the presenter’s computer to continue with
the presentation. It is also the presenter’s responsibility to be prepared to introduce
themselves and the subject to the audience.
The first slide is the subject slide that has the presentation title and the name of the presenter.
The second slide is the presenter introduction slide. The second slide should have no more
than a few points of reference about the presenter. This is not a curriculum vitae or resume.
Select items like years of experience, education background, subject experience, years of
membership, etc. that will confirm to the audience that you have experience with the subject
so that they want to stay and listen. Your Presentation Style Presenters should learn basic
speaking and presenting skills from a professional organization that specializes in
communication. Such organizations prepare individuals in various speaking skills such as
impromptu speaking and transition skills, and it equips the speaker to deliver more succinct
communication. These organizations have basic curriculums that cover styles ranging from
humorous to technical speeches.
These organizations have course curriculums that take a year to complete and, after
graduation, there are advanced courses that can be taken. Fit the presentation to the audience.
Avoid alienating audience members through using inside jokes, uncommon jargon, colloquial
(informal speech) terms, etc. Write the paper and present the presentation to address an
international audience. “Be yourself” is the best advice for any presenter. The best style of
delivery for a presenter is the same way they discuss the same subject in an informal setting
such as their office or away from work with friends. They are more relaxed and take more
time to explain to friends and co-workers why their project is so interesting.
Preparing Attendees While the conference staff is setting up the presentation for display,
greet the attendees that are arriving. Build familiarity with the audience as they enter by
asking them about how the conference is going, or ask about why they decided to come to the
conference. This chat allows everyone to acquaint themselves with the presenter’s voice and
adjust to it ahead of time. This is especially useful with an international audience. The
presenter can sometimes spot a potential difficult attendee and build a quick personal
relationship to diffuse any difficult questioning during the presentation. For a room of about
100 people, consider bringing 20 black and white copies of the paper and placing them in the
front rows. Next, consider having five color copies of the presentation available.
These can be used to auction seats. If there is nobody in the front row, offer a color copy to
anyone willing to sit in the very front row. If there are seats available and there are people
P a g e 12 |
standing in the back of the room, entice them with a color copy if they will take a seat. It is
6
amazing how effective this is. Presentation Format There are three basic formats that can be
used to present the paper: serial; parallel; and ancillary.
 TECHNICAL COMMUNICATTION LABORATORY
A combination of the three may be appropriate for the advanced presenter. Serial content of
the presentation follows the same organization of the paper. The story board for the
presentation should be the same one developed in preparing the technical paper. See
“Storyboarding” in “How to Write a Technical Paper” [2]. This method does not introduce
new data or material and is the safest method for the first time presenter or for very difficult
subjects. Parallel presentation uses the same topical outline structure of the paper and uses
more detailed graphs (in parallel to the graphs published) that would be too cluttered to
publish in the paper.
The presenter may also decide to leave out some data in order to allow for more focus on
specific points of interest. Ancillary technique introduces data or case studies that were also
studied in the course of writing the paper but because of length restrictions of the paper, were
not included. This type of presentation is more difficult and not suggested for the first time
presenter. The problem rests with the audience member who has read the paper, has keen
interest in the topic, and has prepared questions to ask at the presentation. Introducing new
material becomes disruptive and the attendee has to adjust to the new material. The presenter
must have a mastery of the data and subject or the presenter will loose the interest and
attention of the audience. Slides Slide planning is important. The slides are the basic
storyboard of the technical paper. Speakers use a slide presentation as the visual illustration
and therefore, the slides will be incomplete by themselves.
The speaker needs to decide how to introduce the slide, discuss the slide, and the transition
to the next. There are five things to avoid:  over-simplification;  over-complication;  too
much detail;  too little detail; and,  “trust me.” Of these five items, the two that contribute
most to the dismissal of creditability are overcomplication and “trust me.” A technical
presentation is based on answering the fundamental question around why the attendee should
believe what they are being told. The font of a slide should be 20 point at a minimum.
Test the slide for readability by placing it on the floor and read it while standing. If it is too
difficult to read, then there is either too much text or the text size is too small. This technique
applies to the graphics as well. As the presenter walks through the presentation, the presenter
must control the data by only exposing key points as the presentation develops. Exposing too
much data all at once will allow the audience to jump ahead and, in some cases, find the key
point too early. This removes the impact of any emphasis that the presenter may have
planned. The features of presentation software that are designed to sell the software are also
the same features that contribute to poor presentations.
A technical presentation should keep the attendee’s focus on the outline while the presenter
builds the case study a step at a time until reaching the conclusion. There may be one slide of
great importance that needs to have a bit of showmanship or glitz so the presenter can break
the attendee’s focus and refocus it on the important slide. In this case, the presenter should
change how the slide is presented, using one of the variety of slide effects. These are very
disruptive, but they can be effective once. The downfall to a presentation is to use these
effects on every slide because the attendees focus on the slide effects. At this point the
attendee is not focused on the data, and the presenter has lost their attention on the discussion.
Laser pointers are another distracting device to the “attendees focus” on the presentation.
The problem with a laser pointer is that it is hard to hold still from more than ten feet away. A
laser pointer is even more difficult to hold still if the presenter is nervous or has a slight hand
tremor. Watching a laser dot wiggle on a screen is another disruption to theP attendee’s a g e 13 |
attention. The technical mindset attendee wants to analyze why the laser pointer6 is moving
erratically, determine if there is a health issue with the presenter, is the laser pointer faulty,
 TECHNICAL COMMUNICATTION LABORATORY
etc. Use the software presentation automation instead of the laser pointer. Automate the slide
to have a circle, or arrow popup to draw attention to a point on the slide that you would
normally have used a laser pointer to address during a live presentation. Using this method
requires more preparation time, but it provides rock solid focus to the points the presenter
considers important.
It demonstrates to the audience that the presenter has more command over the subject matter
because the presenter is better prepared. Only use the laser pointer as a last resort for a
question that was not anticipated. A presentation with audio is very difficult. If the
presentation has a movie clip or audio, then do not attempt to place the microphone in front
of the computer. There is generally feedback issues and poor sound quality which is highly
distracting to the audience. Time is wasted by the attendee trying to figure out what was said
and what went wrong. Contact the staff in charge of audio-visual support and have them
assist with getting a good connection made to make this work well. Video is another problem.
All conferences have a budget and unless there is a need for a high resolution video computer
projector, then the conference will opt for a low cost projector suitable for slide presentations.
Also, check colors in the presentation with a projector before arriving at the conference. The
color used for the slide will be different when viewed on the presenter’s computer screen,
printed on a color printer, printed on a color copier, and projected on screen. Sometimes there
is little difference in shades. For example maroon and red may display as the same color as
will turquoise and light blue. Consider also, that many people have some form of color
blindness. It is best to select a few primary colors, and also use a few distinct patterns like a
stripe, shade, and a polka-dot. The optimal slide is one that can be printed in black and white
with few annotations and the data still retains clarity. Finally, center most of the data to fit in
the middle of the slide. Leave the top for the title and the sides and bottom for logos, borders,
or in case there is technical difficulties getting the whole slide to project adequately on the
screen. Screens There are a few common screen formats the presenter must handle. Ideally, a
single screen where the bottom of the screen is chest high to the presenter is best.
These are normally centered on the room and nearly everyone has a good view. The presenter
is also able to stand anywhere in front of the screen and not block the view of the data. Most
conferences use hotels that have conference rooms that force the bottom of the screen to
barely clear the top of a standard table height. This means that the presenter can not step in
front of the screen because they would hide most of the data on the slide. In this case, the
presenter must be able to discuss the slide from either side of the screen. This means the
presenter has to decide how to point out data on the far side of the screen without crossing in
front of it. Once in a while, a conference has an auditorium large enough to have two screens.
This is especially challenging. Generally, the screens are too high for the presenter to walk up
to and point to anything. Also, to address one screen leaves the other half of the audience
disadvantaged because their screen has been ignored. In these rooms not only is it too far to
adequately use a laser pointer, the laser dot may be too small to be seen against the intensity
of the projection. Here is where having practiced and predetermined arrows and circles are an
advantage to the expert presenter. Speaking When conferences provide audiovisual support,
use the microphone that is furnished. It is a huge problem when the presenter decides that
their voice is loud enough to carry throughout the room because it often does not carry far
enough.
P a gfor
The speaker system is designed to fill the room and leave few, if any, dead spots e 14
the|
6
audience. Also, after the first presentation, the audience has adjusted to listening to the
speaker system. When a presenter does not use the microphone (or if one is not provided),
 TECHNICAL COMMUNICATTION LABORATORY
then consider that only one-third of the audience will adequately hear the presenter. The one-
third of the audience that hears will be those directly in front of the speaker. When speaking
without a microphone it is even more important to maintain eye contact with everyone in the
audience. First, they get eye contact and feel like they are being addressed. Second, the
presenter is constantly changing the direction of their voice in order for everyone to have an
equitable chance of hearing what is being said. Practice the presentation with the slides to a
point that it is memorized. It is up to the presenter to instill confidence in the audience that
they have mastery of their subject and can succinctly discuss it while using the presentation
for illustration.
Do not make a mistake of reading from a script, note cards, or the slides. Attendees tend to
walk out of these presentations because the presenter has failed to display mastery in the
subject and instill confidence to the attendee. A good practice is to have the computer that
runs the presentation screens set up in front of the lectern. This allows the presenter to glance
at the presentation slide that is being displayed and continue addressing the audience. The
only time it is acceptable to look at a screen is when it is necessary to draw attention to a
particular point. Address the screen only for emphasis. The audience can read. They will read
everything on the screen. Technical audiences will also check spelling, grammar, font, colors,
and math. Making mistakes in these areas will disrupt the presentation because attendees will
offer to help the presenter correct the slide. Slides are illustrations but are not the discussion.
Consider placing key points on the slide and provide discussion from the technical paper for
each dot point on the slide.
This is why it is very important to have a technical paper. The paper is the discussion, and the
slide presentation is only the illustration. It is a common mistake and a disservice to the
technical community to make the presentation the technical paper. Plan to speak two minutes
per slide. There are a few concepts involved with this point. Foremost, this pace of data
seems to be the maximum amount that a technical audience can absorb in the timeframe.
Since the audience may be international, their first language may not be the same as the
speaker’s. Also, it will take them a little more time to translate and understand the
information they hear. This means that a presenter’s speaking speed must be slower to be
understood.
A slower speech delivery appears more deliberate to the audience and conveys that the
speaker has more insight. Therefore, use this concept as an advantage. Timing Some
contingency planning has to be made for the duration of the presentation. Conferences do not
allow presenters to exceed their time allocations. Attendees have pre-determined when to
take their breaks, and that seems to always be more important than the presentation. When
handling interactive questions throughout the presentation, a presentation has a risk of
running too long. Therefore, identify ahead of time which slides could be skipped to get back
on schedule. If questions will be held to the end of the presentation, then consider numbering
the slides so that the presentation can be quickly set to the slide so that the question can be
addressed with the slide.
Multiple Presenters Many presentations fail because there are more than two presenters for a
one-hour presentation. It is disruptive to change out presenters for several reasons. The
biggest disruption is simply changing presenters. The audience quickly settles into the
cadence set by the first presenter. Changing cadence means that the audience may have to
adjust to a louder or softer voice, a different accent, and different speed of data delivery.
P a g e 15 |
Another problem with multiple presenters is when neither of them fully understands the topic
6
that the other is presenting. To the audience, this speaker’s qualifications may appear in
question. Sometimes, it appears that the presenters are in disagreement and, in the worse-case
 TECHNICAL COMMUNICATTION LABORATORY
scenario, the presenters actually have a disagreement in front of the audience.
Unless the presenters have a track record of presenting together, it would be a better practice
to elect one to do the presenting and the other as a subject matter expert for questions at the
end. Sometimes two presenters work very well together largely because they have the same
temperament, the same command of the subject, and are complimentary with one another. In
addition, they have practiced their delivery several times. When there are two presenters, it is
best to rehearse until the presentation appears to be performance quality. Handling Questions
Set the audience expectations before beginning the presentation. Let them know if questions
will be accepted during the presentation or if questions should be held until the end. If
questions will be held to the end, then consider numbering the slides and showing the
attendees where to find the slide number to be referenced later. Always repeat the question
before answering.
Rarely do attendees have access to a microphone and the rest of the attendees would like to
understand the question also. This also helps minimize duplicate questions. Be sure that the
question is understood before answering. There are times when there are difficult attendees.
The questions they ask may actually have been covered and clearly understood by everyone
else, but for some reason, this attendee is going to take issue with anything and everything.
There is only one thing to do: be sincerely apologetic and ask to set aside more time after the
presentation to answer their questions and concerns in more detail.
This buys time and provides creditability to the presenter. Worse-Case Scenario There are
rare occasions that the laptop or projector fail and there are limited options as to how to
continue with the presentation. Assume the conference staff is going to have to replace the
equipment while the presentation continues. In the meantime, since the presentation is mostly
illustrations, a seasoned presenter can continue without projecting the presentation on the
screen. This is a worse-case scenario but it can greatly demonstrate the mastery of the
presenter over the presented subject. More skill will be required by the presenter to paint a
visual picture. Technical people with story telling capability excel in this scenario. All is not
lost and there are a few other things that can be done to prepare for this scenario. If the
presentation is on the personal laptop computer, the presentation can begin without the screen
projector.
The attendees with the color copies of the technical paper become the presenter’s advocates.
As the presentation is delivered, the rest of the audience will constantly check the response of
the paper holders for “buy-in.” The presenter should be prepared to focus attention to figures
and tables in the paper for the paper holders to confirm. The presenter needs these paper
holders to bob their heads in agreement during the screenless presentation. The key is to leave
nothing to chance. There may an event that is completely out of the control of the presenter
and the conference. However, the presenter has a vested interest to be heard because they
may need the follow-up contacts for their workplace. Most presenters have already invested a
considerable sum of money to attend the conference. It would be a shame not to take a few
more small steps to pre-plan for a worse-case scenario.
Concluding the Presentation A conclusion is important for the presentation. A lot of detail
can be covered inside of an hour. If the attendees forget everything else, they will generally
remember one or two points about a topic. Remind the attendee of all that has been discussed.
Identify any call to action or highlight any change that is being promoted. Final Point When
preparing a presentation, follow the storyboard prepared during the writing of the P atechnical
g e 16 |
6 correct
paper. Keep the slides simple. Practice rehearsing the presentation to get the cadence
to meet the time available for the presentation. Practice the presentation with a group before
 TECHNICAL COMMUNICATTION LABORATORY
arriving at the conference. Green Room A few conferences offer a “Green Room”. This room
should be equipped with a screen and projector so that the presenter can make a “real time”
presentation. The concept comes from the theater companies where the director offers help
and mentoring to the actors. If the conference offers a mentoring team in the green room, they
can offer tips on improvements to the slides, and style of presentation to better fit the venue
of the conference. If asked, a mentor may attend the live presentation, take notes, and debrief
the presenter afterwards. The mentor will review the audience comment cards first as a check
to their notes and then identify a few positive improvements.
REFERENCES 1. Griffith, Dr. Andrew, PE. Effective Presentation Skills for Cost
Engineers, AACE International Transactions, (2006): DEV.02. 2. Whiteside, II, James D.,
PE, How to Write a Technical Presentation. AACE International Transactions, (2009):
DEV.01.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR James D. Whiteside II PE Cost Engineering Consultant
ConocoPhillips 600 N Dairy Ashford Street Houston, TX 77079-1100 USA Email:
jim.d.whiteside@conocophillips.com

P a g e 17 |
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 TECHNICAL COMMUNICATTION LABORATORY

ASSIGNMENT NO.6
Job application writing
Aim: To perform practical on Job application writing
Theory:
Job Application Letter: It is a document that should be submitted along with the resume to
an employer to express the candidate’s interest in the position while applying for jobs. It is
also known as a Cover Letter. It explains why the candidate qualified for the position and
should be shortlisted for an interview. Whereas the resume explains the candidate’s history of
work experience, skills, and accomplishments. The letter should emphasize the candidate’s
skills and key qualifications which is fit for the role.

How To Write a Job Application Letter?

How To Write A Job Application Letter?

February 15, 2023 by Prasanna

Job Application Letter: It is a document that should be submitted along with the resume to
an employer to express the candidate’s interest in the position while applying for jobs. It is
P a and
also known as a Cover Letter. It explains why the candidate qualified for the position g e 18 |
should be shortlisted for an interview. Whereas the resume explains the candidate’s 6 history of
 TECHNICAL COMMUNICATTION LABORATORY
work experience, skills, and accomplishments. The letter should emphasize the candidate’s
skills and key qualifications which is fit for the role.

Get Other Types of Letter Writing like Formal, Informal and Different Types of Letter
Writing Samples.

How To Write a Job Application Letter?

A well-written job application helps to get the attention of an employer while reviewing an
application. However, the job application can be written to express the aspects of the
candidate’s personality. The job application letter should be well presented by keeping in
mind the following information:

 It should be written on a single page.

 It should be single-spaced with a space between every paragraph and a 1-inch margin
with the text aligned to the left.
 Times New Roman, Arial, or Calibri font should be used with a font size between 10 to
12 points.

Read the complete article to know more about the Simple Job Application Letter for fresher.

Job Application Letter Writing Tips

Refer to the following writing tips before writing a Job application Letter With Resume.

 It should be written like a formal business letter. It must include the candidate’s contact
numbers at the top, date, and contact information of an employer.
 Make sure to add a salutation at the start and your signature at the ending of the
application.
 Emphasize your skills and abilities to express yourself as a suitable candidate for the
available position.
 It should be written grammatically correct to get a good impression of an employer.
 It should be concise as a hiring manager may not read a lengthy and multiple pages
letter.
 It should include the job listing keywords posted by an employer to express yourself as
a good fit for that role.
 You should send the letter for every position you apply for. Unless the job posting
mentions sending only your resume, it is good to send one for every job you apply for.

Job Application Letter Format

Refer to the following Sample Application Letter for Job Vacancy Format before writing a
job application letter to an employer. P a g e 19 |
6
TECHNICAL COMMUNICATTION LABORATORY

P a g e 20 |
6
 TECHNICAL COMMUNICATTION LABORATORY
ASSIGNMENT NO.7

Conference paper writing / study recent paper

Aim: To perform practical on Conference paper writing / study recent paper .

Theory:

How to Write a Conference Paper:

U nderstand that conference papers are meant to get presented in front of a highly
knowledgeable audience. This audience is well aware of the subject, yet looks
forward to gaining added information or an innovative idea to enhance the current
subject. To write a conference paper there are some key principles that you need to
follow:

Note that every conference comprises of its predetermined criteria for the selection
of research topic, formatting and presentation of the paper.

How to Write a Conference Paper with Innovation

To write a conference you must understand the purpose, the discipline, and the
format of the paper. Unlike any other research paper, a conference paper remains
concise and absolute about the new idea or any innovative plan. You need to
consider some brainstorming sessions for yourself to resolve a particular problem to
P a express
build a new way of looking at a particular issue. While doing so, you must g e 21 |
6
your in-depth understanding and knowledge about the subject in a very precise
 TECHNICAL COMMUNICATTION LABORATORY
manner. Moreover, it is also necessary that the audience that comprises your peers
get the encouragement to evaluate your paper.

To gain an answer to how to write a conference paper?’ always remain focused on

enhancing your innovative research approach, and express the same by following
the steps as noted below:

Deal with a Common Topic -> Identify the Challenge/s -> Undergo
Voracious Readings -> Brainstorm Yourself -> Find Solution/s to the
Identified Challenge/s

By means of offering a unique and effective solution to your conference paper, you
can add great relevance to the subject and this is something that gets highly
acknowledged by scholars.

Write a Conference Paper with Precision

For a conference paper always create a draft. Try to construct the information
around it. Avoid all kinds of repetitions and unnecessary information. Do not ever
include any word or sentence that is irrelevant to the topic.

Your Introduction should be constructed as per the interest of the audience.

There is no need for any reference to former research work. You are not
supposed to elaborate on the ways you have attained the results. Just stay
focused in explaining the Results that you have attained from your experiment.
Conclude the conference paper with affirmations and possibilities for future
research.

Write a conference paper by addressing the following aspects in a very precise and
comprehensive manner:

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 TECHNICAL COMMUNICATTION LABORATORY

In the first paragraph of your paper, express the purpose of your presentation.
Support it with relevant information and statistics. Explain the aim and objectives
with great precision. Make sure that you give correct, valid and details about the
database. Explain the results that you have attained while resolving the research
issue. Express the relevance of your paper and determine its importance for future
attention. In every step acknowledge the former researcher who guided you through
the research process. In every step add your extended thought.

Be very precise and concrete, yet expressive in every sentence of your conference
paper.

Write a Conference Paper for Peer-review

Since the conference paper gets presented to scholars, make sure that you maintain
complete professionalism while making the presentation. There should be an
adequate amount of clarity in your language and a comprehensive way of presenting
every justification. When you write a conference paper, remain specific about
supporting your logical sentences with in-text citations. Always explain the reasons
to either support or reject the particular thought of the former researcher. Enlist the
sources of the in-text citation in the Reference List. P a g e 23 |
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While explaining your research context use transitional phrases, such as-
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‘therefore’, ‘hence’, ‘consequently’, ‘moreover’, ‘meanwhile’, ‘however’,
‘therefore’.

Always prefer to address the systematic mode of explanation in a very step-by-step

manner. Always use ordinals and signpost phrases, such as –

‘firstly’, secondly’, ‘next’, 'This essay critically examines', ‘The major issue…’,
'This essay is organised ...'.

Open debates for discussions and remain ready for feedbacks and rejections from
your peers. If you are getting a notable amount of critical points of view, then
consider your conference paper as a success. Gaining the attention of your peers
adds relevance and significance to your conference paper. Always welcome and
appreciate their ideologies and school of thinking.

How to Write a Conference Paper with Worth the

Presentation
The conference papers are subject to deliver path-breaking ideas and thus the
presence of such a paper should be very neatly structured. To bring the scholars to
your presentation sessions, you must offer a very convincing Abstract. As the
scholars will find the Abstract to be critical and interesting, they will prefer to find
out what you are going to present. It is at this point that the presentation of your
conference paper must remain strict to the standardised format, as mentioned in the
letter of ‘Call for Papers. You can structure the format of your presentation in
support of reading out your paper with visual presentations or make it a roundtable
discussion.

Write a Conference Paper with an Appropriate Abstract

To get a rigid answer to the question- how to write a conference paper?’ you need to
understand that a conference paper is a verbal presentation. This is the reason that
the Abstract of a conference paper is saved for all those people who will attend the
conference. In most of the conferences, the presentations of the conference papers
P a g e 24 |
are distributed in different rooms. The scholars are offered handouts or 6schedules,
where the Abstract of papers will be presented. Specific information about the rooms
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and timings of every paper is noted in these handouts or schedules. After reading
the Abstracts, the scholars decide to attend the respective presentations of the
papers, which is complete as per their choices and preferences. This is the reason
that the Abstract of a conference paper is much more than just an outline of the
accomplished brainstormed conclusion attained by you. Your Abstract must comprise
of the following specifications:

Write a Conference Paper with the Right Format

To write a conference paper, the format of a conference paper must be organised in

a very systematic way. The core inclusions in the format are:

Unlike any other research paper, write a conference paper in a very different format.
There is no specific Introduction or Literature Review. The conference paper starts
directly with the Purpose of the Paper, where you need to state the aims and
objectives of the research. Then in a very short paragraph, state theP aresearch
g e 25 |
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approach. The core concern of a conferment paper is the results that you attained.
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Present your results in coherence with the innovative conclusive proceeding. Offer
recommendations and scopes for developing your thought in future.

Since you need to write a conference paper for a presentation of 20 to 30 minutes, it

is necessary to include only information which can support
the Purpose and Results of your research. However, always add the
Acknowledgements, References, and Appendices to your conference paper and
present them in case any scholar wants to have additions support to your
statements.

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ASSIGNMENT NO. 8
Research on an IT industry and write a report
Aim: To perform practical on Research on an IT industry and write a report.

Theory: An industry analysis report is a document that evaluates a given industry and the
companies involved in it. Often included as part of a business plan, an industry analysis
report seeks to establish how your company can gain an advantage in an industry by
understanding the industry’s history, trends, competitors, products, and customer bases. In
addition, this type of report allows investors, bankers, customers to understand the makeup of
an industry. After conducting research and establishing an organizational framework for your
report, you’ll be prepared to write.
1. Identify Research Sources

Define the scope of your analysis. You might examine the industry
as a whole or an industry segment which targets a particular subset
of the general market. For example, you could be investigating the
petrochemical industry as a whole, or a narrower niche, like US
petroleum refineries. In either case, you’ll need to identify the
companies that offer services or products similar to those which
your company offers.[1]
 You might also need to conduct some cross-industry research.
For example, a game developer may need to compile
statistics on the console gaming market, PC gaming market,
and handheld gaming market.

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2. Research your industry with independent government

agencies. Government databases contain huge volumes of
statistical information on various economic sectors. Some of the
best government sources in the United States for industry statistics
include the Market and Industry Analysis Statistics published by the
United States Census, the Department of the Treasury,
FedStats.gov, EconomicIndicators.gov, and the Food and Drug
Administration. All publish useful reports and statistics.
 For other countries, consult federal databases and agencies
within your nation, or conduct an internet search with
keywords like “government statistics [name of your industry]”
to locate relevant information.

3. Compile independent research. At least two independent

research reports with data on your market should be consulted.
Contact private data-collection agencies or industry interest groups
for a published report or market analysis relevant to your research.
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 You can also consult experts within your own company. 6 Just
bear in mind that their views may be biased or unreliable.
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4. Look at trade association data. There may be more than one

trade association for your industry. For instance, if you’re in the
computer industry, you might consult or request recent industry-
wide reports from the Computer & Communications Industry
Association, the Association for Interactive Marketing, or the
Information Systems Security Association. Whatever your
industry, consult trade groups and industry publications to
identify info which can provide background info on your industry
analysis.

5. Consult academic research. Check academic databases such

as Google Scholar for published studies on your area of interest.
The Encyclopedia of Emerging Industries and the Encyclopedia
of American Industries, both published by Gale Research, are
also good sources.

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5. Compile relevant data using the sources above. Make

special note of annual revenues in the industry, number of
involved companies, workforce statistics, etc. Find
statistics about the size of the customer base and buying
trends. Cross-check your information against other sources
to ensure accuracy. Your industry analysis will be examined
thoroughly when you present the final business proposal to
investors or stockholders, so ensure your data is solid and
sourced properly.

Developing a Framework for the Analysis:

1. Demonstrate there is an ample market for your business

proposal. To do this, you’ll need to know the relevant market size.
The relevant market size is the company’s potential sales if it were
to capture the entirety of its market niche. For instance, if you’re
selling electric cars, your relevant market size is not all automobile
drivers, or all people in the world who travel distances which make
driving desirable, but rather the total of all electric car sales in a
given year.[4]
 Be sure to carefully analyze any underlying assumptions that
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your market analysis relies upon. This is particular important
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for a new product or a product that is undergoing rapid
acceptance.
 Relevant market sizes should be calculated in both dollar
amount and unit amount. In the foregoing example, the
relevant market size might be $200 million per year, or 30,000
electric cars.

2. Consider industry trends. Ask important questions which will help

you consider industry trends up through the present. You should
consider the impacts of globalization and technological innovation
in addition to the more obvious factors like competition from other
companies and consumer preferences. Regulatory conditions and
the state of the economy at the global, national, and local levels
should also be taken into account. Other questions to think about
include:[5]
 How has the market size changed in the past year? the past
five years? the past ten years?
 What is the expected growth of the relevant market?
 What factors will affect market growth? Are new
demographics affecting the market? Are demographics
changing?

3. Think about barriers to entry or expansion.[6] Barriers might be in

the form of market competition, but it could also manifest as a lack
of money or talent, or as restrictive regulations and patents. If
you’re going into or expanding a microchip production line, for
instance, you’re going to need several million dollars in equipment
and machinery. On top of that, you’ll need computer engineers and
programmers to produce and design the chips. Other firms will be
competing not only for your customers, but for your employees as
well. All of these are things to consider when addressing barriers to
entry.

4.Provide descriptions of the major competitors in the industry. Use

statistical information about their revenues, work force strengths,
and products in detail. Indicate their past business moves, their
P a g e 31 |
forthcoming products, and their marketing strategies. Include6
sourcing, manufacturing, and regulatory analyses. The company
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analysis should be as complete as possible; competitive advantages
or disadvantages can arise from anywhere.
 Does your competition engage in billboard, radio, TV, internet,
or print ads? How many of each kind are effective? Address
whether or not your company could meet or compete with
their level of marketing.
 Think about recent innovations or mistakes the competition
has made. Learn from their failures, and improve on their
successes.

4. Situate your company within the industry. Using the

framework you’ve built, with info regarding the competition, the
barriers to expansion or implementation, industry trends, and
availability of consumer attention, you can introduce how your
company is positioned within the industry and compares with
other companies. Include statistical information about your
business and be honest about all the advantages and
disadvantages that your firm faces.

Writing the Analysis:

Begin your report with a broad description of the

industry. Open with a paragraph about the industry’s history.
Write one or two paragraphs about the size, products, and
geographic scope of the industry, including both manufacturing
centers and consumer centers. Next, introduce your own
company’s position within the larger industry context, and
foreground how industry trends make the implementation of
your business proposal desirable.[8]
 Determine what lifecycle stage the industry is in. Is it:[9]
 Emerging? (very new industry growing at less than
5% per year)
 Growing? (a state of steady growth a bit over 5%
per year)
 Shaking out? (a state in which companies are
P a g e 32 |
merging or consolidating, and/or other companies
6
are failing)
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 Maturing? (growth is slowing to less than 5% per
year)
 Declining? (a state in which there has been no
growth for a prolonged period)

Provide a market analysis. Indicate expected growth in the

industry, trends in products and technology, and factors influencing
competition. Describe the competitive landscape in a general way.
The rest of the business plan will elaborate on the state of the
competition.[10]
 Healthy industries are high-growth and generally profitable,
with a stable customer base and few barriers to entry.
Industries that should be avoided are those that are declining,
generally unprofitable, highly competitive and regulated, or
difficult to enter.

Describe customers’ outlook and demographic info. The analysis

should describe who the major customer groups are and the unique
properties of each. What is the age of your target customer? What is
their race and ethnicity? Their needs and wants?
 Put yourself in the customer’s place. Think about what they
see and experience when they first hear about or encounter
your product or service. Consider how they think about their
choices.
 In addition to considering your current customer base, think
about how you can expand your product or service to attract
new customers or pull customers away from your
competitors.

Use the analysis to prescribe a strategy for the near future. Lay the
strategy out in greater detail in the rest of your business proposal.
Include a detailed timeline and specific goals, like revenues and
market share, that you hope to attain. Address marketing
strategies, product development ideas, and workforce issues which
could position your company for growth within the industry.[12]
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 You could close with a call to action. A statement like “Given
6
the current state of the market, it is advisable to implement
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the following business proposal” followed by a rough outline
of your proposal can function as a smooth transition into the
rest of the plan.

Edit the report. Pare the report down to an appropriate and

manageable size. An industry analysis report typically runs two to
three pages. Tweak the length of your report based on how it will be
presented. If it is part of a business plan, it is better to keep the
analysis short and to the point. If your report will be presented
independently, you have more freedom to devote lots of space to
raw data and detailed descriptions.

ASSIGNMENT NO. 9
Pre-interview preparation
Aim: To perform practical on Pre-interview preparation.
Theory:
Preparation is essential and greatly increases your chances of performing well. It
also helps alleviate some of the stress involved in job interviews and the more youPprepare,
a g e 34 |
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the more comfortable you’ll be with the process.
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Some hints to help you prepare: 

1. Look at the organisation’s website and find out what they do 

2. Look at their vision and mission 
3. Look at their customers and how they serve them 
4. Relate your skills to the organisational outcomes for their clients 
5. Know who you will be interviewed by and what their typical questions might be 
6. Re-read your resume 
7. Practice your ‘elevator’ speech or your killer differentiator 
8. Practice answering some common interview questions 
9. Have some questions about the organisation, the industry or the role ready to ask 
10. Make sure you know the directions of where you have to go for the interview 
11. Be there 15 minutes early 
12. Know the dress code. You are often judged before you even utter a word. 
13. Maintain physical and oral hygiene 
14. Go to the bathroom first and practice smiling in the mirror - this will give you confidence

15. Silence your phone 
16. Stay calm. Good preparation is the key to staying in control

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 TECHNICAL COMMUNICATTION LABORATORY
ASSIGNMENT NO. 10
Develop interview file
Aim: To perform practical to Develop interview file .

Theory:

While going for an interview, it is important to place your documents in the file in the right
order / sequence. Remember that your latest qualification / achievements / experience/s
counts the highest and hence you need to arrange the documents in the reverse chronological
order i.e from the latest ones to the older ones.

Accordingly, as per the documents mentioned in your query, you need to place in this order:

 Latest (out of the 2) work experience certificate.

 The 2nd (older) work experience certificate.
 CCNA certificate (latest of the two).
 CCNA certified certificate (if this is the older or the other way if this is the latest).
 Engineering degree certificate
 12th board certificate.
 10th board certificate.

Always arrange / place the documents / certificates with the latest ones first and the oldest
one in the last. Similarly, while writing a resume / profile, you always need to start with your
latest one and go down to the older ones. This would be perfect without worrying in what
manner these documents or certificates are. This will help them in recognizing your quality
in better manner.

Some more points to prepare for:

1. If you have already submitted you resume or they have a copy of your resume, then
arrange the order you have mentioned in your resume.
2. If no resume is submitted earlier, then prepare it. Keep it on the first page of your file. If
they ask the file they can have a complete look of your profile at once. Later they can see
original etc.
3. You want to know about the perfect sequence. And that is best supporting thing for your
job. If you did not had experience then you had to consider that do I have good percentage in
Tenth or graduation and could have started from there. But now best thing about you is that
you have experience too. So keep it above all but after resume. then keep going backP a gone
e 36 by|
one. Try to mention whenever you were appreciated and recognized for something. 6 Add
about extra curricular, if you have achieved something in your interest too.
 TECHNICAL COMMUNICATTION LABORATORY
When you mention about your experience, mention type of job or responsibility you held
there. This will help them in recognizing your quality in better manner. While explaining
about your past job experience you can also add that other than these designated jobs I was
active participant in these things which were helpful in company's development or in creating
good environment in company. Do not try to make them foo but explain your work in
positive manner.

ASSIGNMENT NO. 11
Interview process through play
Aim: To perform practical for Interview process through play.
Theory:

What is a role play interview?

A role play interview is an interview format in which your potential employer presents you with a
scenario that you then act out. In most cases, the role play interview simulates a situation you're likely
to encounter in the role for which you're applying. Employers like to use this method of interviewing
for certain roles because it gives candidates the opportunity to demonstrate their skills and the
employer a chance to see how the candidate might react to a situation in real-time.
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What to expect at a role play interview ? 6
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Role play interviews can differ somewhat in terms of length and format, but they often
include similar characteristics. In most cases, role play interviews are 30 minutes to an hour
long, depending on the complexity of the scenario.
Generally, the interviewer or hiring manager will provide you with a scenario and give you
the necessary information to prepare to solve the situation. Often, you'll also have time to
prepare a strategy before beginning. After explanation and preparation, you'll perform the
role play itself, usually with the assistance of one or more staff members playing the other
roles. Once you've solved the problem, you'll receive an assessment and feedback from the
interviewer on your performance in the role play.

What are the benefits of a role play interview?

Role play interviews differ tremendously from more traditional types of interviews that are
usually more conversational in nature. However, role play interviews can be very beneficial.
Consider these advantages:
1. Demonstrate skills. One of the biggest benefits of a role play interview is the opportunity
to show your skills rather than just talking about them in a conversational interview.
2. Apply to the job. In most cases, the scenario you role play is one you're likely to
encounter while on the job, helping you prepare effectively for the position.
3. Receive feedback. Most traditional interviews don't include immediate feedback from the
hiring manager on your performance, but role play interviews almost always offer an
assessment and feedback component following the completion of the scenario.
4. Interact with employees. You'll have the chance to meet current company employees and
work with them during the role play, an opportunity you don't usually get during a
traditional interview.

How does a role play interview work?

To prepare effectively for a role play interview, it helps to know what to expect. These are
the typical steps of a role play interview:
1. Review the instructions
You typically start your role play interview with either a verbal explanation of the role play
scenario from the hiring manager or with a written brief you'll review independently. In either
case, write down any questions you have as you consider the scenario or notes that might
help you as you begin the role play.
2. Ask any clarifying questions
After reviewing the instructions, ask any clarifying questions you have about the scenario.
Ensure you understand the situation, your role and the desired outcome. You'll need this
information to create an effective strategy to use once the role play begins.
3. Develop a strategy
Spend the last few minutes of your preparation time creating a strategy for completing the
role play. Depending on what the scenario is and how you best develop an action plan, write
down the manner in which you intend to solve the scenario.
4. Highlight key points P a g e 38 |
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Ensure you highlight the key points in your strategy in an easy-to-read fashion, so you can
quickly see the information you need when in the middle of the scenario. You might make a
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list of bullet points with key phrases you want to use or skills you want to exhibit to ensure
you do so during the role play.
5. Follow and adapt
Once the role play begins, follow your strategy as outlined. Refer back to your notes when
needed, but do your best to remain natural during the role play. Know you'll need to adapt
based on the reactions and actions of the other people involved in the role play, so remain
flexible during the scenario.
6. Conclude with confidence
Finish your scenario confidently. If applicable, consider presenting some sort of closing
statement that summarizes how you solved the situation and the steps you took to reach an
effective resolution. Highlight the skills and strategies you used to reach a positive
conclusion.
7. Discuss outcome
Once you've completed the role play scenario, you'll discuss the outcome with the other
participants and the interviewer or hiring manager. This is another excellent opportunity to
directly address the specific and intentional strategies you used in pursuit of a positive
outcome and the skills you demonstrated through your actions.
8. Receive feedback
The interviewer or hiring manager will likely offer you feedback on your performance in the
role play scenario. Accept both constructive and positive feedback graciously. If you have
follow-up questions, ask them at this point. You can also ask for specific areas in which you
could improve or other ways in which the hiring manager would have liked to see you handle
the scenario.

What do employers want to see during a role play interview?

During a role play interview, employers look for a few specific elements:
 Confidence: Hiring managers want to ensure you're confident in your abilities and will
be able to manage the demands of the role. They'll look for your confidence during the
role play scenario.
 Flexibility: The ability to react and adapt to the other players in the role play interview is
vital since you won't always be able to predict how a fellow employee or customer might
react during a real-life situation.
 Specific skills: The interviewer will look for the listed skills and attributes from the job
posting during your role play. They'll want to see these skills in action to ensure you can
apply them appropriately.
 Critical thinking: Most role play scenarios will involve some critical thinking in which
you have to quickly process and respond to a challenge or obstacle.
 Professionalism: Above all, the hiring manager will want to see that you interact with the
other people in the scenario professionally, regardless of the level of stress the scenario
presents.

Tips for a successful role play interview: P a g e 39 |

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Use these tips to help you perform well during your next role play interview:
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1. Research potential scenarios. Think about the role for which you are applying and
consider potential challenges or scenarios you might face in that position. This can help
you determine what scenario you might encounter during your role play interview.
2. Practice with a friend. Ask a friend to help you perform a practice role play interview
using a scenario you've researched online. This way, you'll have some experience before
going into your actual interview.
3. Review the job description. Use the job description to help you identify the skills and
qualities the hiring manager will likely look for during the role play interview. Knowing
what skills you should focus on during the interview will help you create an effective
role play strategy.
4. Enlist help from others. Ask friends or colleagues in your industry to help you identify
potential scenarios you might encounter during your role play interview.
5. Ask questions. If you have questions during your role play interview, ask them during
the preparation period. Having the correct information will help you perform confidently
during the role play itself.
6. Stay calm. The interviewer or hiring manager will probably include some sort of stress
element as part of the role play interview to test your patience and stress response. Stay
as calm and confident as possible during the interview and focus on your strategy.

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ASSIGNMENT NO. 12
Write a Movie review
Aim: To perform practical to write a Movie review.
Theory:

Whether you are an actor, a filmmaker or a film geek through and through, writing film
reviews can help hone your ability to think critically and watch movies with a response that
goes deeper than “That movie was awesome!” And for you future film reviewers out there,
it’s never too soon to start. Here are nine tips on how to write a film review that people will
want to read.

1. Watch the film at least once.

Once is necessary twice is preferable. Taking notes is also a good idea and will help the
writing process by making it easy to refer to your in-the-moment thoughts and reactions.

2. Express your opinions and support your criticism.

Professional reviewers do not shy away from telling their readers whether they thought the
movie was good, bad, or indifferent; in fact, readers come to rely on those reviewers whose
tastes reflect their own when deciding whether or not to spend their time and money.
Professional reviewers also have watched a lot of movies and can express why and how they
came to their criticism. Be sure to back up your thoughts with specifics–a disappointing
performance, a ridiculous plot, beautiful cinematography, difficult material that leaves you
thinking, and so on.

3. Consider your audience.

Are you writing for a fan site, a national news outlet, or a Teen Magazine? Knowing who
your readers are can help you decide what elements of the movie to highlight. You should
also adjust your writing style to fit the target audience.

4. Know the Actors’ portfolios.

Many casual film goers will be inspired to see a movie if a favorite actor is in it, so you
should probably spend a little space talking about the performances: seasoned actor in a new
kind of role, brilliant performance from a rising star, excellence despite a lackluster script,
dynamics in an ensemble, and so much more can be said about the actors in any given film.

5. Call out directors, cinematographers, special effects.

This is where your film geek can really shine. Tell your readers about the highlights or
missteps of directors, cinematographers, costume designers and CGI magicians. What
worked, what surprised, what fell short of expectations, are all great questions to address in
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the body of your review. 6
6. No spoilers!
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Give your readers some idea of the plot, but be careful not to include any spoilers. Remember
the point of a good review is to get people interested in going to the movie. Don’t get over
excited and ruin it for them!

7. Study the professionals.

As with all writing endeavors, the more you read the better you will be. And when you read
film reviews that you like (or don’t like), think about why. Use your critical eye to think
about why one reviewer has a hundred thousand followers and another only has two. Be sure
also to read the publications where you’d like your writing to appear as a template for your
own reviews, and don’t forget to read the submission guidelines!

8. Reread, rewrite and edit.

Edit your work; your opinions will not be taken seriously if you misspell the director’s name
or can’t put together a grammatically correct sentence. Take the time to check your spelling
and edit your piece for organizational flow.

9. Find your voice.

The best reviewers have a distinct personality that comes across in their writing. This does
not happen overnight, so take every opportunity to write as an opportunity to develop your
own style and voice that will grab reader’s attention and keep them coming back for more.

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ASSIGNMENT NO. 13
Presentation on KPO
Aim: To perform practical for Presentation on KPO.

Theory:
Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO) is one-step extension of Business Process
Outsourcing (BPO). Knowledge process may be defined as high added value process chain
where the achievement of objective is highly dependent on skills, domain knowledge and
expertise of people out actually. Thus KPO involves transfer of knowledge intensive business
processes that require significant domain expertise to other geographical locations. For global
corporation looking to move their higher end research as market research, analytical based
services, IPR, legal services, pharmaceutical R&D, data mining services etc. India is the
location of owing to country large latent pool, quality IT training, friendly government
policies, low labor cost etc.
In India KPO is envisaged as having high potential not restricted to IT or ITES but also to
publishing, supply chain management, business intelligence, remote education andP e-learning
a g e 43 |
etc. However some challenges faced by KPO include high initial investment, maintaining
6
higher quality standards enhanced risk management, ensuring information security and
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confidentially of the client. Despite above challenges, KPO has a bright future in term of both
IT and non-IT sectors and India will emerge as a global leader. The presentation will deal
with future of KPO's in India.

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