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    Underground Structures: Execution

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    Underground Structures: Execution

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    i198_2004_e

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    Underground Structures: Execution

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    si a

    SIA 198:2004 Civil Engineering


    Schweizer Norm
    Norme suisse
    Norma svizzera

    531 198
    REGISTERED CODE OF THE SWISS STANDARDS ASSOCIATION

    Replaces together with the Codes SIA 197 and SIA 118/198 the Code SIA 198, Edition 1993

    Constructions souterraines – Execution


    Costruzioni sotterranei – Esecuzione
    Untertagbau – Ausführung

    Underground Structures
    Execution

    198
    Published by
    Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects
    P.O. Box, CH-8039 Zurich, Switzerland

    SIA 198, Copyright © 2004 by SIA Zurich Price group: 40


    2010-04 1st Edition

    2 SIA 198, Copyright © 2004 by SIA Zurich


    CONTENTS

    Page Page

    Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 Construction checks and monitoring . . 40


    4.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
    0 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.2 Material testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
    0.1 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.3 Construction checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
    0.2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.4 Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
    0.3 General contract conditions . . . . . . . . . . 7
    0.4 Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5 Occupational health and safety
    protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
    1 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
    1.1 Technical terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.2 Health and safety protection concept . . 45
    1.2 Visualised technical terms . . . . . . . . . . . 11
    6 Special Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
    2 Detailing and materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6.1 Material management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
    2.1 Anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6.2 Deviations from design dimensions . . . 46
    2.2 Reinforcing steel, mesh, 6.3 Maintenance of underground
    fibre reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
    2.3 Sprayed concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
    2.4 Steel arch supports and lagging . . . . . . 17
    2.5 Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Appendices
    2.6 Grouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 A Early strength of sprayed concrete . . . . 47
    2.7 Waterproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 B Grouting methods and grouts . . . . . . . . 49
    2.8 Dewatering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 C Schematic overview of tunnelling
    2.9 Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
    2.10 Polymer concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 D Tunnelling machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
    E Possible scope of application
    3 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 of tunnelling machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
    3.1 Construction phase ventilation . . . . . . . 21 F Use of auxiliary construction measures
    3.2 Drilling and advance investigations in tunnelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
    in tunnelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 G Example of construction inspection
    3.3 Tunnelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 plan (excerpt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
    3.4 Temporary support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 H Example of test plan (excerpt) . . . . . . . . 58
    3.5 Geotechnical measures during I Deviations from design dimension . . . . 59
    tunnelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
    3.6 Preliminary waterproofing . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Acceptance and coming into force . . . . . . . . . . 64
    3.7 Dewatering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
    3.8 Waterproofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
    3.9 Drainage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Text in figures is normally not translated.
    3.10 Lining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 The German original is used instead.
    3.11 Interior finishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

    SIA 198, Copyright © 2004 by SIA Zurich 3


    FOREWORD

    The previous Code SIA 198 Underground Construction (1993) was divided into two parts dealing with organisa-
    tional and technical aspects, respectively. The Code SIA 198 has been revised to be compatible with the regula-
    tions produced by the European Committee for Standardization, which envisages a strict separation of technical
    requirements and contract conditions.
    The present Code SIA 198 Underground Structures – Execution is directed towards engineers involved in site
    supervision and construction work. Also addressed are principals (owners and operators) and design engineers.
    The technical requirements of the previous Code, which proved its usefulness as a basis for tendering and for
    labour/materials contracts in underground construction, have been largely retained; new technical knowledge
    has been taken into account and requirements that were previously missing, above all concerning methods of
    advancing the tunnel and geotechnical measures, have been added.
    The organisational requirements for the tendering and construction of underground structures are now included
    in the Code SIA 118/198 – General conditions for underground construction.
    The basis for the design of traffic tunnels is provided by the Code SIA 197 Design of Tunnels – Basic Principles,
    while specific questions relating to the design of rail and road tunnels are treated in the Codes SIA 197/1 Design
    of Tunnels – Rail Tunnels and SIA 197/2 Design of Tunnels – Road Tunnels, respectively.

    Commission SIA 198

    4 SIA 198, Copyright © 2004 by SIA Zurich


    Represented organizations in the Commission SIA 198
    ASTRA Federal Roads Office (FEDRO)
    BAV Federal Office of Transport (FOT)
    BUWAL Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN)

    SIA 198, Copyright © 2004 by SIA Zurich 63


    Members of Commission SIA 198 Underground Structures – Execution

    Representative of

    President Alex Sala, dipl. Bauing. FH, Regensdorf Consulting Engineer

    Members Peter Egger, Dr., Professor EPF, St-Sulpice University


    Davide Fabbri, dipl. Bauing. ETH/SIA, Ascona Consulting Engineer
    David Fragnoli, Ing. civ. dipl. EPF/SIA, La Neuveville Owner
    Roland Kobel, dipl. Bauing. HTL/SIA, Wallisellen Contractor
    Pierre Kohler, Ing. civ. dipl. EPF/SIA, Boussens Consulting Engineer
    Werner Kradolfer, dipl. Bauing. ETH/SIA, Hägendorf Consulting Engineer
    Christian Krauer, dipl. Bauing. HTL, Meilen Swiss Confederation of Builders
    Thomas Murer, dipl. Bauing. ETH, Beckenried Contractor
    Georg Schaeren, dipl. Geologe ETH/SIA, Lausanne Geologist
    Otto Schnelli, dipl. Bauing. HTL, Zürich Owner
    Hanspeter Stadelmann, dipl. Bauing. ETH/SIA, Ettiswil Contractor
    Ulrich Straumann, dipl. Bauing. ETH/SIA, Bolligen Consulting Engineer
    Martin Vogel, dipl. Bauing. HTL, Weggis Suva
    Raphael Wick, dipl. Bauing. ETH/SIA, Widen Owner/Consulting Engineer

    Secretariat Jan Dirk Chabot, dipl. Bauing. ETH/SIA, Zürich Owner/Consulting Engineer

    English translation sponsored by SWISS TUNNELING SOCIETY 2010 (www.swisstunnel.ch)

    Acceptance and coming into force


    The central committee for codes and regulations accepted the present Code SIA 198 on 26 August 2004.
    It comes into force on 01/10/2004.
    It replaces together with the Codes 197 and 118/198 the Code SIA 198 Untertagbau of 1993.

    Copyright © 2004 by SIA Zurich


    All rights are reserved, including that of printing extracts, partial or complete reproduction (photocopy, micro-
    copy, CD-ROM), the storage in data-processing systems and that of translation.

    64

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