Psychological Disorder & Movie Review Presentation

Psychological
Disorder & Movie

Review Presentation
Hailey Richman
History & Evolution of DID
● DID was previously known as multiple personality disorder because of its presence of
two or more distinct personality states (Bridley et. al, 2023).
● The first case of DID was in 1584, but was labeled as an exorcism. In her exorcism
documents, it was symptoms that matched dissociative identity disorder symptoms
today (Dissociative Identity Disorder Research, 2016).
● While it still can be confused with borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia, and
posttraumatic stress disorder, it started to gain awareness in 1932 after Ferenczi’s
“Confusion of Tongues” paper (Dissociative Identity Disorder Research, 2016).
● There is still a lot of work to do in the field of dissociative identity disorder research
because there are still so many stereotypes.

Dissociative Identity Disorder Symptoms
These identities can
Presence of two or Due to the switching of These
present themselves
symptoms/disturbances
personalities, there also recurrently and are
more distinct can’t be a normal part of
involuntary and unwanted,
broadly accepted cultural
has to be a gap of recall causing significant
or religious practices
personality states distress or impairment.
in events and information (APA, 2022).
Even though these personalities can present themselves at any point, there is still a primary personality and some
might have subpersonalities. It is important to note that primary personalities are there most of the time and the
switching of personalities can seem like the person is falling asleep, instantly being dramatic, excessive bodily
movements, or could be very subtle; all of which can vary from person to person. The person may be aware of their
alternate personalities and subpersonalities but some may not (Bridley et. al, 2023).
Etiology & Statistics
Heritability rates can
1.5% prevalence
range from 50-60%
rate in U.S. adults
but the combination
Childhood Women were

found to be more
of genetics and
environment play a
larger role than just
trauma and dominant than
men (Bridley et.
genetics alone
(Bridley et. al, 2023).
al, 2023)
heritability create
a large sum of Dissociative identity
the etiology for disorder is known to be
caused by overwhelming
experiences, traumatic
dissociative events and/or abuse
that happened in
identity disorder. childhood (American
Psychiatric Association,
2022).
Assess & Diagnose
With the complexity of DID, it can be sometimes
confused with borderline personality disorder.
While borderline personality disorder and dissociative disorder can seem very similar from the
outside, there are many differences that we can note. Though they can both have abrupt mood
swings, identity disturbance, impulsive risk-taking behaviors, self-harm, and suicide attempts, BPD
doesn’t have extreme switches in personality, that are uncharacteristic, when switching emotions,
and can usually recall their actions when across different emotions. For example, “Sixty-seven DID
patients, compared to 40 BPD patients, showed greater self-reflective capacity, introspection,
ability to modulate emotion, social interest, accurate perception, logical thinking, and ability to see
others as potentially collaborative. A pilot Rorschach study found that compared to BPD patients,
DID patients had more traumatic intrusions, greater internalization, and a tendency to engage in
complex contemplation about the significance of events” (Brand et. al, 2015).
Treatment for DID
The main goal for treatment for a person with DID is to integrate the
different elements of identity and ultimately have final fusion of the
subpersonalities.
Treatment for DID usually

includes psychotherapy
(specifically cognitive behavioral
therapy and dialectical behavior
therapy), which allows people to
improve on function and While there are no
productivity in their everyday life medications to help
by gaining control of their alleviate the disorder, a
symptoms. Therapy can also be
person with dissociative
beneficial and intense because it
does involve coping and talking identity disorder can use
about traumatic events that medications to help
could have caused the disorder. related symptoms, such
as depression and anxiety
(American Psychiatric
Association, 2022).
Common Myths for DID
“DID is the same as “Treatment for
“DID is an iatrogenic
borderline people with
“DID is a fad” disorder, not
dissociative identity
posttraumatic” personality disorder”
disorder is harmful”
“DID has been “The only study to date
described, accepted, examining deterioration of Though they do have There is no empirical
symptoms among DID similar symptoms, BPD
and included in four patients found that only a don’t have extreme
evidence to support
different editions of small minority (1.1%) worsened switches in personality, that claim, but there
over more than one time-point
the DSM. Formal in treatment and that
that are uncharacteristic, is real evidence to
when switching emotions,
recognition as a deterioration was associated show that
and can usually recall their
disorder for over with revictimization or consistent
stressors in the patients’ lives actions when across
three decades rather than with the therapy different emotions. People treatment can
contradicts the they received. This rate of with BPD also recall past benefit and stabilize
deterioration of symptoms events, even when
notion of DID as a compares favorably with switching emotions (Brand patients (Brand et.
fad.” (Brand et. al, those for other psychiatric et al. 2015). al, 2015).
disorders.” (Brand et. al, 2015).
2015).
Movie Review & Critique
I watched the 2016 film “Split”. This movie did a very
exaggerated take on dissociative identity disorder, but did show
some reality to the disorder. Kevin, the main character in the
movie, was portraying DID and works with his psychologist
throughout the show. He had 23 alternate personalities that were
clearly shown in the movie with different clothing, accents,
personality traits, and even medical conditions, like diabetes. He
also had a gap of recall in events when he had killed his
psychologist and didn’t understand what happened to her. Kevin
had also experienced childhood trauma, which had fueled several
of his personalities and how he acted in his violent ones. All of
these were clear indicators of dissociative identity disorder. I
didn’t appreciate how they had over exaggerated the disorder
and made a connection with mental health and violence, which
seemed to promote negative stereotypes. I had felt that
everytime he had tried to get help from his psychologist, his
symptoms started to worsen, which fueled more stigma around
that subject. I overall loved the movie, especially while studying
this subject, but I did feel that it could use some tweaks to be
more realistic.
References
Brand, B. L., Sar, V., Stavropoulos, P., Krüger, C., Korzekwa, M.,
Martínez-Taboas, A., Middleton, W. (2016).
Separating Fact from Fiction: An Empirical
Examination of Six Myths About Dissociative
Identity Disorder. Harvard Review of Psychiatry.
24(4). 257-270.
https://doi.org/10.1097/HRP.0000000000000100
Bridley, A., Daffin, L. W. Jr. (2023). Fundamentals of
Psychological Disorders. Washington State
University.
https://opentext.wsu.edu/abnormal-psych/chapte
r/module-6-dissociative-disorders/
Dissociative Identity Disorder Research. (2016). DID in History.
Dissociative Identity Disorder Research.
https://did-research.org/did/history/
Drescher, J. (2022). What Are Dissociative Disorders?
American Psychiatric Association.
https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/diss
ociative-disorders/what-are-dissociative-disorde
rs

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Psychological

Disorder & Movie

two or more distinct personality states (Bridley et. al, 2023).

documents, it was symptoms that matched dissociative identity disorder symptoms

today (Dissociative Identity Disorder Research, 2016).

posttraumatic stress disorder, it started to gain awareness in 1932 after Ferenczi’s

“Confusion of Tongues” paper (Dissociative Identity Disorder Research, 2016).

because there are still so many stereotypes.

Childhood Women were

patients, compared to 40 BPD patients, showed greater self-reflective capacity, introspection,

Treatment for DID usually

Martínez-Taboas, A., Middleton, W. (2016).

Separating Fact from Fiction: An Empirical

Examination of Six Myths About Dissociative

Identity Disorder. Harvard Review of Psychiatry.

Bridley, A., Daffin, L. W. Jr. (2023). Fundamentals of

Psychological Disorders. Washington State

Dissociative Identity Disorder Research. (2016). DID in History.

Dissociative Identity Disorder Research.

Drescher, J. (2022). What Are Dissociative Disorders?

American Psychiatric Association.

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