PH Meter: Measurement of H Concentration in Solution

pH meter
+
Measurement of H concentration in
solution
pH Meter
• A pH meter is a precise instrument that weighs the hydrogen-ion
movement in water-based suspensions, showing its acidity or
alkalinity expressed as pH
• It is also called a “potentiometric pH meter” because it measures the
variation in electrical potential between a pH electrode and a
reference electrode
• The variation in electrical potential links to the acidity or pH of the
suspension
• The word pH is acquired from “p,” the scientific figure for negative
logarithm, and “H,” the chemical symbol for Hydrogen
• pH is a unit of measure that expresses the level of acidity or alkalinity
of a solution and graded on a range of 0 to 14. pH = -log[H+]
• In 1909 Nobel-Prize winning German chemist Fritz Haber and his
student Zygmunt Klemensiewicz explained the glass electrode idea
• The modern, electronic pH meter was introduced in 1934, by an
American chemist Arnold Beckman
pH Measurement
• The pH rate of a material is directly linked to the degree of the
hydrogen ion [H+] and the hydroxyl ion [OH-] concentrations in
its aqueous solution
• If the H+ density is higher than OH-, the substance is acidic;
i.e., the pH amount is less than 7
• If the OH- intensity is higher than H+, the substance is basic,
including a pH value higher than 7
• If identical quantities of H+ and OH- ions are present, the
substance is neutral, with a pH of 7
Principle of pH Meter
• A pH meter contains two electrodes i.e. a Measuring
electrode and a reference electrode
• The Reference Electrode contains a neutral solution
such as Potassium Chloride solution with a fixed
concentration and gives a stable voltage
• On the opposite, the potential of the Measuring
Electrode depends totally upon the pH of the
suspension
• The algebraic total of the potentials of the Measuring
Electrode, Reference Electrode, and the Liquid Junction
is known as the overall potential or the voltage
• The potential variation (voltage) between a glass
membrane of Measuring Electrode and a Reference
Electrode which is immersed in the Sample Liquid to be
examined is estimated
• When the two Electrodes are immersed into the Sample
Suspension, the ion-exchange process transpires
wherein some of the Hydrogen ions flow towards the
outside surface of the Measuring Electrode and displace
some of the metal ions within it
• Likewise, some of the to variation in pH is negligible or it is
unaffected by variations in pH and therefore produces a stable
voltage
• Ion-exchange takes place on the interior surface of the Glass
Electrode from the sample suspension and generates a potential
variation (Hydrogen- ion activity) among them
• The output of the Impedance Voltmeter is Voltage studies and it
possesses to be calibrated to prepare precise pH Measurement
Key Parts of a pH meter
1.The Solution being examined.
2.The Glass electrode, consisting of,
3.a slim layer of silica glass including metal
salts, inside which there is a potassium
chloride solution.
4.and an internal electrode
5.Constructed from silver/silver chloride.
6.Hydrogen ions produced in the experiment
solution communicate with the outer surface
of the glass.
7.Hydrogen ions produced in the potassium
chloride solution communicate with the inside
surface of the glass.
8.The meter regulates the variation in voltage
between the two surfaces of the glass and
turns this “potential difference” into a pH
reading.
9.Reference electrode serves as a baseline or
reference for the analysis-or you can think of
it as simply completing the circuit.
Operating Procedure of pH Meter
1.Turn on the pH meter
2.Then wash the electrodes with distilled water.
3.Maintain the sample’s temperature at 25 degrees centigrade.
4.Immersed the electrodes within the sample and stir it to create
a homogenous sample.
5.Make sure the tip of the electrode is completed dipped into the
sample.
6.Wait until the reading becomes stable.
7.Now record the pH.
8.Finally, wash the electrodes with distilled water and store it
with the buffer solution.
Types of pH Meter
Based on the types of requirement pH meter is divided into several
classes such as;
1.Based on portability:
• Portable pH meter: the use of compact DC power equipment
• Desktop pH meter: Same as Portable pH meter
• Pen pH meter: normally composed of a single scale, conventional
measurement range, easy and handy equipment
2.Based on purpose:
• Laboratory pH meter: multi-function, high accuracy
• Industrial online pH meter: excellent stability, steady work, a
specific level of measurement efficiency, environmental flexibility
3. Based on advanced level:
• Economic pH meter
• Intelligent pH meter
• Precision pH meter or digital pH meter
Types of Electrodes
Three types of pH
electrodes:
1. Glass electrode
2. Reference electrode
3. Combination gel
electrode
Application of pH Meter
• In agriculture industries to measure the pH of soil
• It is also used to measure water quality for municipal water
supplies, swimming pools
• In many chemical and pharmaceutical industries, it is used to
measure the pH value of solutions
• pH Meter is additionally employed in the Food industry
particularly for dairy products like cheese, curds, yogurts, etc.
• It becomes a vital circumstance in the making of detergents
Advantages of pH Meter
• pH Calibration is low-priced and robust
• Pocket size pH Meters are user friendly
• Accounts are reliable and specific
Disadvantages of pH Meter
• Heat affects the output readings
• pH Calibration utilizing glass electrodes need to be clean as
deposition on the electrodes influences the readings

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