A practical Report

On

Data Communication and Computer Networks

CSL0402

B.Tech.
(IVth Sem.)

2024

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Dr. R.P. Sarang Devansh Lale
Asst.Professor B.Tech. IV Sem.
Dept. of CSE Roll No.
ITM University

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

S NO. Index

1 To Study of Internet connection in Local Area Network, Set the different IP addresses
and subnet mask of the generic system cisco packet tracer.
2 Performing an initial switch configuration.
3 Simulate to Mesh Topology based network using CISCO Packet Tracer.

4
Performing an initial how to connect two different networks using router configuration.
5 Simulate the Network Topology and understand how can used to IP Address during the
designing time.
6
Simulate to BUS Topology based network using CISCO Packet Tracer.
7
Simulate to Ring Topology based network using CISCO Packet Tracer.

8 Simulate to Star Topology based network using CISCO Packet Tracer.

9 Simulate to Configure of DHCP Server using CISCO Packet Tracer.

 Certificate

This is to certify that Devansh Lale B.Tech IInd Year Student of ITM University,
Gwalior have successfully completed their practical file. It has been prepared by
Devansh Lale, under my guidance.

Dr. R.P. Sarang

Asst.Professor
Dept. of CSE
ITM University
 Declaration

I am Devansh Lale student of B.Tech., hereby declare that the file entitled “Data
Communication and Computer Networks” (CSL0402) is submitted by me in line of
partial fulfillment for the B.Tech. IV Sem. course I assume that this practical file report is
the result of my own efforts during the whole semester.

Date:

Place:
Q.1 To Study of Internet connection in Local Area Network, Set the different IP addresses and subnet mask
of the generic system Cisco packet tracer.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to examine internet connection within a Local Area Network (LAN)
environment using Cisco Packet Tracer. This involves setting up different IP addresses and
subnet masks for generic systems within the LAN.

Steps:
1. Network Topology Setup: Create a network topology in Cisco Packet Tracer consisting
of multiple generic systems connected to a switch and a router.
2. IP Address Assignment: Assign unique IP addresses to each system in the LAN. Ensure
that the IP addresses belong to the same subnet to enable communication within the
LAN.
3. Subnet Mask Configuration: Set different subnet masks for each system to segment
the LAN into smaller subnets. This allows for efficient network management and
improves security.
4. Router Configuration: Configure the router to provide internet connectivity to the LAN.
This involves setting up NAT (Network Address Translation) and routing protocols to
enable communication between the LAN and the internet.
5. Testing Connectivity: Test the connectivity between systems within the LAN to ensure
that they can communicate with each other successfully. Additionally, verify that the LAN
systems can access the internet through the router.

Result:
Upon completion of the above steps:

• Each system within the LAN will have a unique IP address and subnet mask.
• The LAN will be segmented into smaller subnets based on the configured subnet masks.
• The router will be configured to provide internet connectivity to the LAN, allowing
systems to access the internet.
• Testing will confirm successful communication between systems within the LAN and
internet connectivity through the router.
Q.2 Performing an initial switch configuration.

Aim:
The aim of this task is to perform an initial switch configuration using Cisco Packet Tracer. This
involves setting up basic switch parameters to enable connectivity and network management
within a LAN environment.

Steps:
1. Network Topology Setup: Create a network topology in Cisco Packet Tracer consisting
of at least one switch and multiple end devices such as PCs or laptops.
2. Access Switch Configuration: Access the switch's command line interface (CLI) using
terminal emulation software or the command line interface within Packet Tracer.
3. Enter Privileged EXEC Mode: Enter privileged EXEC mode by typing enable and
providing the appropriate password if configured.
4. Enter Global Configuration Mode: Enter global configuration mode by typing configure
terminal to start configuring the switch.
5. Set Hostname: Assign a hostname to the switch using the hostname command followed
by the desired name (e.g., hostname Switch1).
6. Configure Management IP Address: Assign an IP address to the switch to enable
remote management. Use the interface vlan 1 command to access the VLAN 1 interface
and assign an IP address using the ip address command (e.g., ip address 192.168.1.1
255.255.255.0).
7. Enable Interface: Ensure that all switch interfaces are enabled by default. If necessary,
use the no shutdown command in interface configuration mode to enable specific
interfaces.
8. Save Configuration: Save the current configuration to the switch's startup configuration
file to ensure that changes are retained after a reboot. Use the write memory or copy
running-config startup-config command to accomplish this.
9. Verify Configuration: Use various show commands (e.g., show running-config, show
interfaces status, show ip interface brief) to verify the configured settings and ensure
proper operation of the switch.

Result:
Upon completion of the above steps:

• The switch will be configured with a unique hostname for identification.

• An IP address will be assigned to the switch's management interface, enabling remote
management and network monitoring.
Q.3 Simulate to Mesh Topology based network using CISCO Packet Tracer.

Aim:
The aim of this task is to simulate a Mesh Topology based network using Cisco Packet Tracer.
This involves creating a network topology where each device is connected to every other device,
enabling redundant paths for data transmission and enhancing network resilience.

Steps:
1. Network Topology Design: Launch Cisco Packet Tracer and create a new project. Drag
and drop devices such as routers and switches onto the workspace to represent the
network topology.
2. Device Configuration: Configure each device with appropriate settings such as
hostname, IP address, and subnet mask. Use the command line interface (CLI) or
graphical user interface (GUI) of each device to perform the configuration.
3. Interconnection Setup: Establish connections between devices to create a mesh
network topology. Ensure that each device is connected to every other device in the
network, forming redundant paths for data transmission.
4. Routing Protocol Configuration: Configure routing protocols such as OSPF (Open
Shortest Path First) or EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) on routers to
enable dynamic routing and automatic path selection.
5. Verification and Testing: Use simulation mode in Cisco Packet Tracer to verify the
connectivity and functionality of the mesh network. Test communication between devices
and ensure that data can be transmitted along multiple paths.
6. Redundancy Testing: Simulate network failures or link outages to test the redundancy
of the mesh network. Verify that traffic can be rerouted along alternate paths without
disruption to network operation.
7. Monitoring and Optimization: Monitor network performance using built-in tools or
third-party software. Optimize the mesh network configuration to improve efficiency,
scalability, and resilience.

Result:
Upon completion of the above steps:

• A Mesh Topology based network will be simulated in Cisco Packet Tracer, with each
device connected to every other device in the network.
• Devices will be configured with appropriate settings, including hostname, IP address, and
routing protocols, to enable seamless communication and automatic path selection.
• Redundant paths for data transmission will be established, enhancing network resilience
and fault tolerance.
Q.4 Performing an initial how to connect two different networks using router configuration.

Aim:
The aim of this task is to perform an initial configuration to connect two different networks
using a router in Cisco Packet Tracer. This involves setting up basic router parameters and
configuring routing protocols to enable communication between the two networks.

Steps:
1. Network Topology Setup: Launch Cisco Packet Tracer and create a new project. Place
two different networks on the workspace, each represented by a switch and connected
devices such as PCs or laptops.
2. Router Placement: Place a router on the workspace to act as the gateway between the
two networks. Ensure that the router is positioned between the switches representing the
two networks.
3. Interface Configuration: Access the command line interface (CLI) of the router and
configure the interfaces connected to each network. Assign IP addresses to each
interface using the interface and ip address commands (e.g., interface GigabitEthernet0/0,
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0).
4. Routing Protocol Configuration: Configure a routing protocol such as RIP (Routing
Information Protocol) or OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) on the router to enable
dynamic routing between the two networks. Use the router command followed by the
routing protocol name to enter router configuration mode and configure the routing
protocol parameters.
5. Verification and Testing: Use simulation mode in Cisco Packet Tracer to verify the
connectivity between devices in the two networks. Test communication between devices
on different networks to ensure that data can be transmitted across the router.
6. Documentation: Document the router configuration settings, including interface IP
addresses, routing protocol configuration, and static routes (if used). This documentation
will serve as a reference for future network management and troubleshooting.

Result:
Upon completion of the above steps:

• Two different networks will be connected using a router in Cisco Packet Tracer, enabling
communication between devices in each network.
• The router will be configured with appropriate interface IP addresses and routing
protocols to facilitate dynamic routing between the networks.

Q.5 Simulate the Network Topology and understand how can used to IP Address during the designing time.
Aim:
The aim of this task is to simulate a network topology in Cisco Packet Tracer and understand
how IP addresses are used during the design process.

Steps:
1. Network Topology Design: Launch Cisco Packet Tracer and create a new project.
Design a network topology by placing devices such as routers, switches, and end devices
onto the workspace. Consider the network requirements, such as the number of devices,
the physical layout, and the desired connectivity.
2. Device Placement: Arrange the devices on the workspace according to their roles and
functions within the network. Position routers at network boundaries to facilitate inter-
network communication, switches to connect multiple devices within each network
segment, and end devices such as PCs or servers for user access and resource sharing.
3. IP Address Assignment: Assign IP addresses to each device in the network based on the
chosen IP addressing scheme. Determine the IP address ranges for each network
segment and allocate addresses to devices accordingly. Use subnetting to divide the
network into smaller subnets and optimize IP address utilization.
4. IP Addressing Scheme: Choose an IP addressing scheme that aligns with the network
requirements and facilitates efficient address management. Consider factors such as
scalability, ease of administration, and compatibility with existing infrastructure. Use
private IP address ranges (e.g., 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16) for internal
networks and reserve public IP addresses for external connectivity.
5. Routing Configuration: Configure routing protocols on routers to enable dynamic
routing and automatic path selection. Use protocols such as OSPF (Open Shortest Path
First) or EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) to exchange routing
information and maintain network reachability. Configure static routes for specific
network destinations if necessary.
6. Verification and Testing: Use simulation mode in Cisco Packet Tracer to verify the
connectivity and functionality of the network. Test communication between devices
within the same network segment and across different subnets. Verify that routing
protocols are functioning correctly and that devices can reach their intended
destinations.

Result: Upon completion of the above steps:

A network topology will be simulated in Cisco Packet Tracer, representing the physical and
logical layout of the network infrastructure.
Q.6 Simulate to BUS Topology based network using CISCO Packet Tracer.
Aim:
The aim of this task is to simulate a BUS Topology based network using Cisco Packet Tracer.
This involves creating a network topology where all devices are connected to a single
communication medium, resembling a linear bus.

Steps:
1. Network Topology Setup: Launch Cisco Packet Tracer and create a new project. Begin
by placing devices such as computers, routers, and switches onto the workspace.
2. Bus Configuration: Designate a single communication medium (e.g., a copper straight-
through cable) to represent the bus in the network topology. Connect all devices to this
central bus, ensuring that each device is directly connected to the bus.
3. Device Configuration: Access the command line interface (CLI) or graphical user
interface (GUI) of each device to configure basic settings such as hostname, IP address,
and subnet mask.
4. IP Address Assignment: Assign IP addresses to each device in the network, ensuring
that they belong to the same subnet to enable communication within the bus topology.
Use a consistent addressing scheme and subnet mask for all devices.
5. Verification and Testing: Use simulation mode in Cisco Packet Tracer to verify the
connectivity and functionality of the bus network. Test communication between devices
to ensure that data can be transmitted along the bus medium without errors.
6. Performance Evaluation: Evaluate the performance of the bus topology by measuring
factors such as latency, throughput, and collision rates. Analyze the impact of network
traffic and device placement on overall network performance.
7. Scalability Analysis: Assess the scalability of the bus topology by adding additional
devices to the network and observing how the network handles increased traffic and
device density. Identify potential bottlenecks and scalability limitations.
8. Documentation: Document the network topology, device configurations, and
performance metrics for future reference and troubleshooting. Create network diagrams
and documentation detailing the bus topology layout and configuration settings.

Result:
Upon completion of the above steps:

• A BUS Topology based network will be simulated in Cisco Packet Tracer, with all devices
connected to a single communication medium resembling a linear bus.
• Devices will be configured with basic settings and assigned IP addresses to enable
communication within the bus topology.

Q.7 Simulate to Ring Topology based network using CISCO Packet Tracer
Aim:
The aim of this task is to simulate a Ring Topology based network using Cisco Packet Tracer.
This involves creating a network topology where each device is connected to exactly two other
devices, forming a closed loop resembling a ring.

Steps:
1. Network Topology Setup: Launch Cisco Packet Tracer and create a new project. Begin
by placing devices such as computers, routers, and switches onto the workspace.
2. Ring Configuration: Designate a single communication medium (e.g., a copper straight-
through cable) to represent the ring in the network topology. Connect each device to
exactly two other devices in a sequential manner, forming a closed loop.
3. Device Configuration: Access the command line interface (CLI) or graphical user
interface (GUI) of each device to configure basic settings such as hostname, IP address,
and subnet mask.
4. IP Address Assignment: Assign IP addresses to each device in the network, ensuring
that they belong to the same subnet to enable communication within the ring topology.
Use a consistent addressing scheme and subnet mask for all devices.
5. Verification and Testing: Use simulation mode in Cisco Packet Tracer to verify the
connectivity and functionality of the ring network. Test communication between devices
to ensure that data can be transmitted around the ring without errors.
6. Fault Tolerance Testing: Simulate a link failure or device outage to test the fault
tolerance of the ring topology. Observe how the network handles the failure and whether
it can maintain connectivity despite the disruption.
7. Performance Evaluation: Evaluate the performance of the ring topology by measuring
factors such as latency, throughput, and packet loss. Analyze the impact of network
traffic and device placement on overall network performance.

Result:
Upon completion of the above steps:

• A Ring Topology based network will be simulated in Cisco Packet Tracer, with each
device connected to exactly two other devices in a closed loop.
• Devices will be configured with basic settings and assigned IP addresses to enable
communication within the ring topology.

Q.8 Simulate to Star Topology based network using CISCO Packet Tracer.
Aim:
The aim of this task is to simulate a Star Topology based network using Cisco Packet Tracer. This
involves creating a network topology where all devices are connected to a central switch or hub,
resembling a star with spokes.

Steps:
1. Network Topology Setup: Launch Cisco Packet Tracer and create a new project. Begin
by placing devices such as computers, routers, and switches onto the workspace.
2. Central Switch Placement: Choose a central switch or hub to act as the focal point of
the star topology. Place this device in the center of the workspace to represent the
central point of the star.
3. Device Connection: Connect all other devices (e.g., computers, printers) to the central
switch using straight-through Ethernet cables. Each device should have its own dedicated
connection to the central switch, forming the "spokes" of the star.
4. Switch Configuration: Access the command line interface (CLI) or graphical user
interface (GUI) of the central switch to configure basic settings such as hostname, IP
address, and subnet mask.
5. IP Address Assignment: Assign IP addresses to each device in the network, ensuring
that they belong to the same subnet to enable communication within the star topology.
Use a consistent addressing scheme and subnet mask for all devices.
6. Verification and Testing: Use simulation mode in Cisco Packet Tracer to verify the
connectivity and functionality of the star network. Test communication between devices
to ensure that data can be transmitted through the central switch without errors.
7. Performance Evaluation: Evaluate the performance of the star topology by measuring
factors such as latency, throughput, and packet loss. Analyze the impact of network
traffic and device placement on overall network performance.
8. Documentation: Document the network topology, device configurations, and
performance metrics for future reference and troubleshooting. Create network diagrams
and documentation detailing the star topology layout and configuration settings.

Result: Upon completion of the above steps:

• A Star Topology based network will be simulated in Cisco Packet Tracer, with all devices
connected to a central switch or hub.
• Devices will be configured with basic settings and assigned IP addresses to enable
communication within the star topology.

Q.9 Simulate to Configure of DHCP Server using CISCO Packet Tracer.

Aim:
The aim of this task is to simulate the configuration of a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol) server using Cisco Packet Tracer. This involves setting up a DHCP server to
automatically assign IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to client devices
within a network.

Steps:
1. Network Topology Setup: Launch Cisco Packet Tracer and create a new project. Begin
by placing devices such as routers, switches, and end devices onto the workspace.
2. DHCP Server Placement: Choose a device (e.g., a router or a dedicated server) to act as
the DHCP server. Place this device within the network topology to ensure that it can
communicate with all client devices.
3. DHCP Server Configuration: Access the command line interface (CLI) or graphical user
interface (GUI) of the DHCP server device. Configure the DHCP server software to enable
the DHCP service and specify the range of IP addresses to be assigned to client devices.
4. IP Address Pool Configuration: Define the pool of IP addresses that the DHCP server
will allocate to client devices. Specify the starting and ending IP addresses of the pool, as
well as the subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server addresses to be provided to
clients.
5. Lease Duration Configuration: Configure the lease duration for IP addresses assigned
by the DHCP server. Specify the length of time that an IP address lease is valid before it
expires and must be renewed by the client device.
6. Verification and Testing: Use simulation mode in Cisco Packet Tracer to verify the
functionality of the DHCP server. Connect client devices to the network and observe the
DHCP server dynamically assigning IP addresses to the clients.

Result:
Upon completion of the above steps:

• A DHCP server will be configured and simulated in Cisco Packet Tracer, enabling
automatic assignment of IP addresses to client devices within the network.
• The DHCP server will be configured with a pool of IP addresses, lease durations, and
other network configuration parameters to be provided to client devices.