Katherine D.

Noguera

Chapter 3. PERSONAL VALUES

I.A. DISTINGUISH THE FOLLOWING

● Perseverance and endurance

Perseverance is like running a marathon—you keep going despite obstacles, staying focused on your goal.
Endurance is the strength to withstand challenges over time, like staying committed to studying even when it
gets tough. Perseverance is about pushing through, while endurance is about maintaining resilience.

● Self respect and self esteem

Self-respect is like setting boundaries and valuing yourself enough to uphold them, while self-esteem is more
about how you feel about yourself overall—your sense of worth and confidence. Self-respect is about honoring
your values and principles, while self-esteem is about your overall perception of your own worthiness and
abilities.

● Politeness and courtesy

Politeness is using good manners in your interactions, like saying "please" and "thank you." Courtesy goes
beyond manners; it's about showing respect and consideration for others' feelings and needs, like holding the
door open for someone or offering help when they need it. Politeness is more about following social norms,
while courtesy is about genuine kindness and thoughtfulness.

● Self discipline and self respect

Self-discipline is like setting rules for yourself and sticking to them, such as studying regularly or avoiding
distractions. It's about controlling your actions and behaviors to achieve your goals. Self-respect, on the other
hand, is about valuing yourself and your worth. It involves treating yourself with kindness and dignity, setting
boundaries, and not compromising your values or well-being for others. So, self-discipline is about regulating
your actions, while self-respect is about honoring your worth and needs.

I.B. Answer the following questions:

● Why is godliness not synonymous with being a religious?

Godliness and religious are two different things. Godliness for me is about trusting God and putting Him first
above anything else. On the other hand, a religious person only believes in what the religion has to say.
Moreover, being godliness is centered on God while religious is practically all about a certain religion.

● Why bravery does not exclude cowardice.

Bravery does not exclude cowardice because sometimes the bravest thing to do is to quit. Knowing that you
don’t stand a chance anymore. It is also brave enough to say no, to quit, not to fight back and be a coward. For
that way, we choose ourselves and our peace over anything and anyone.

● How can we love our country?

We can express our love in our country in many different aspects and a variety of ways. For instance,
respecting the officials of this country, respecting our flag and national anthem, paying tribute and respecting
our national heroes. Furthermore, we can show that we love our country by simply acknowledging and
promoting the tourism that we have, from the mountains, beaches, and natural resources that we have and
share it to other people especially to the foreigners. Additionally, we love our country if we embrace our
cultures and traditions as a whole.

● What is identity crisis?

Identity crisis refers to one’s self and questioning everything about them. It is basically having a confusion
which is which in your own body, identity and mind. You are doubting your own capacity and worth. For
instance, identity crisis is a scenario where an individual doesn’t know his her identity for a given period of
time.

● What do you think are the most important virtues and why?
For me, it is still patience, respect and humility. Firstly, they say patience is a virtue, that’s still what I want to
believe in. In life, we can’t guarantee what will happen next, when our time will come and when that dream of
ours becomes reality. That is why it is a virtue to be patient enough to wait until the right time comes for all of
us. Next is respect. Respect begins in our self, reflected in our actions we show to other people. Lastly,
humility. Everyone can be entitled but not everyone can be humble and lower their ego. Above all, it still varies
depending on the perspective and experiences we have had.

Chapter 4: FAMILY VALUES

II.A. Constitutional Provisions about Family

● Family as an Institution
Family based on the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines states that the first group in the society and the
community. The family is seen as the cornerstone of society and is safeguarded by public policy.

● Family Relations
This includes the connections between spouses, parents, and children, all of which are legally recognized and
protected.

● Persons Obliged to Support

Parents must support their children, and the law ensures this obligation regardless of marital status.

● Order of Persons to Give Support

Support responsibility follows a specific order: spouses first, then children, parents, and finally, closest
relatives.

● Alternative for Support

If those responsible for support lack the means, the state steps in to provide assistance.

● Parental Authority
Parents have the right and duty to raise and care for their children, exercising authority until they reach
adulthood or become capable.

● Substitute Parental Authority

When parents cannot fulfill their duties, the state may appoint someone else to act in their place.

● Separation of Parents
Even if parents separate or their marriage is annulled, they still share parental responsibility, either individually
or jointly.

● Rights and Duties of Parents

Parents have the right to nurture, educate, and guide their children morally, while also being obligated to
support, educate, and safeguard them.

II.B. Define the following according from 1987 Constitution of the Philippines.

● Family
In the context of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines, the family is regarded as the basic unit of society,
consisting of individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption. It is recognized and protected by the state as
the foundation of the nation.

● Parental Authority
Parental authority is the rights and responsibilities granted to parents to raise, nurture, and educate their
children. It encompasses the power to make decisions on behalf of their children and to provide for their
physical, emotional, and intellectual needs.

● Support System
In the 1987 Constitution, the support system refers to the legal obligation of certain individuals, such as
parents, to provide financial, emotional, and other forms of support to their children, spouses, and other
dependents. This includes the duty to provide for their basic needs, such as food, shelter, education, and
healthcare.

● Marriage
Marriage is a legally recognized union between two individuals, typically characterized by mutual rights and
responsibilities, as well as the establishment of a family unit. In the Philippines, marriage is governed by laws
that regulate the requirements, rights, and obligations of spouses.

● Conjugal Partnership
Conjugal partnership refers to the legal regime that governs the property relations between spouses during
marriage.

II.C. Give your comment/s

1. A, a married man, married to C after being separated from B for 10 years.

It was stated here that both A and B was separated for ten years, but it was not declared that they separated
LEGALLY. So, the marriage of A and C is still not valid.

2. C, a child less than seven years old, was taken up by his father who separated from a mother.
The parental right should be given to the mother even after being separated from the father. As it was stated in
Article 213 of Family Code, children under seven years old should be taken care of by the mother if the parents
have separated. However, it is still for what’s the best for the child.

3. H, the husband donates the conjugal property to his brother without the consent of the wife, arguing he
is the one working for the family.
The husband still doesn’t have the right to give and donate the conjugal property to his brother. As stated,
conjugal property should only occur between spouses during marriage.

III. Chapter 5 (SCHOOL VALUES)

School as an institution
● Schools in the Philippines are establishments dedicated to providing formal education to students. They
come in various forms, from public to private institutions, serving students from preschool to tertiary
levels. Schools play a pivotal role in molding students' intellectual, social, and emotional growth.

School Curriculum
● The curriculum in the Philippines is mandated by the Department of Education (DepEd) for basic
education and the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) for tertiary education. It outlines the
subjects, learning objectives, and standards for each grade or level. The curriculum aims to equip
students with a comprehensive education that readies them for further studies or employment.

Quality Education
● Ensuring quality education is a top priority in the Philippines, striving to provide all students with
equitable learning opportunities. This involves access to proficient teachers, ample resources, safe
learning environments, and relevant curriculum. Continuous efforts are made to elevate educational
standards and outcomes across all educational levels.

Educational Institution
● Educational institutions in the Philippines encompass a broad spectrum, including public and private
schools, colleges, universities, vocational and technical institutes, and alternative learning centers.
Despite their diversity in size and focus, these institutions share the common goal of imparting
education and skills to the Filipino populace.

Rights of the Students

● Students in the Philippines possess certain rights safeguarded by law. These rights include access to
quality education, a safe and conducive learning environment, freedom of expression and assembly,
and due process in disciplinary actions. Students also have the right to participate in decision-making
processes concerning their education.

Rights of the Teachers

● Teachers in the Philippines are entitled to various rights to ensure their welfare and professional
growth. These rights encompass fair compensation and benefits, academic freedom, opportunities for
professional development, and due process in employment matters.

Rights of Private School Teachers

● Private school teachers in the Philippines enjoy similar rights to their public school counterparts,
including fair compensation and benefits, academic freedom, and professional development
opportunities. However, since private schools operate independently, the specifics of these rights may
vary based on the policies and practices of each institution.

III.B. Answer the following:

 1. What are the school values?
As a student, I'd describe school values as the core principles that guide behavior within the school
community, such as MakaDiyos, Makatao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa. These values are instilled through
various activities and interactions.

2. Define Filipinism and Patriotism

Filipinism refers to the promotion of Filipino culture, values, traditions, and identity, fostering pride in being
Filipino. It encompasses aspects like language, arts, history, and heritage, aiming to strengthen national
identity and unity. Patriotism is a profound love, devotion, and loyalty to one's country, involving a sense of
duty to contribute positively to the nation's welfare and progress. It can be demonstrated through acts of
service, civic engagement, and upholding the country's values and ideals.

IV: CHAPTER 6 (WORKER’S VALUE)

IV. A. The Workers

Workers as Producers
● From a student's perspective, workers are often referred to as producers because they actively
contribute to the creation of goods and services within an economy. Through their skills and labor, they
play a vital role in generating products and delivering services essential for societal functioning and
progress.

Civil Code Provisions on Labor

● Within the Civil Code are provisions that address various aspects of labor relations, including
employment contracts, the responsibilities of both employers and employees, termination procedures,
and mechanisms for resolving labor disputes. These provisions aim to establish fair and balanced
relationships between employers and workers, ensuring that both parties fulfill their legal obligations.

Constitutional Provisions on Labor

● Enshrined in the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines are several provisions safeguarding the rights of
workers. These include the right to just and humane working conditions, security of tenure, the freedom
to organize and engage in collective bargaining, and participation in decision-making processes that
impact their welfare.

Safe and Healthful Working Conditions

● Workers are entitled to workplaces that prioritize safety and health, as mandated by both the
Constitution and labor regulations. Employers bear the responsibility of providing environments free
from hazards and risks to their employees' well-being, implementing preventive measures to minimize
accidents, injuries, and illnesses.

Social Security and Welfare Benefits

● Constitutional and legislative measures ensure that workers receive social security and welfare benefits
to support themselves and their families. These benefits encompass health insurance, retirement plans,
disability coverage, and other forms of assistance during times of need, with employers typically
required to contribute to social security funds on behalf of their employees.

Employment of Minors
 ● Regulations regarding the employment of minors are in place to safeguard their rights and welfare.
These regulations establish minimum age requirements for employment, outline permissible types of
work for minors, and establish safeguards to prevent exploitation and abuse in the workplace.

Compensation
● Workers are entitled to fair and just compensation for their labor, as outlined in the Constitution and
labor laws. This encompasses wages, salaries, bonuses, and other forms of remuneration
commensurate with the work performed. Employers are obligated to adhere to minimum wage
standards and ensure timely and adequate payment for their employees' services.

IV. B. Give your comment/s on the following phrases.

1. Unfair Labor practice

● Unfair labor practices occur when employers or unions violate the rights of workers as stipulated by
labor laws.

2. Holiday with pay

● Holiday with pay is a benefit where employees are entitled to take time off on public holidays and still
receive their regular salary.Back when I was working in SACAMUCO especially during holidays, we are
all compensated through still paying the amount of our wage in that specific holiday.

3. Salary/ Compensation
● Salary or compensation refers to the payment employees receive from their employers in exchange for
their work.As a Barangay Health Worker, rendering our services to the community, I experienced we
are all compensated by our efforts, time and care sufficient and enough. With our honorarium and
ayudas from the government.