CHAPTER 1:

Introduction to Internet

Prepared for:
CSC264 – Introduction to Web and Mobile Application

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OVERVIEW OF THIS CHAPTER

In this chapter, you will learn about:

 The history of the Internet
 The uses of the Internet
 Internet Service Provider
 Connecting to Internet
 Protocols
 WWW and other Internet applications
 Intranet vs Extranet application

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 INTERNET HISTORY
History of the Internet:
 In 1969:
 Internet began as a research network funded by the
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD)
 Its purpose is to allow scientists at different locations to share information on
military and scientific projects
 This is known as ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network)
 Four computers were connected to the ARPANET

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 INTERNET HISTORY
History of the Internet:
 By 1971:
 ARPANET had grown by embracing more than 30 universities, military sites
and government contractors (reached 1,000 hosts)

1969 1970s
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 INTERNET HISTORY
History of the Internet:
 In 1984:
 The National Science Foundation (NSF)’s network called NSFnet
(consists of 5 huge supercomputers centers, 100,000 hosts) were
connected to ARPANET
 In 1990:
 The internetworking of ARPANET, NSFnet and other private networks
resulted into INTERNET

 In 1992:
 The World Wide Web (WWW) appeared, which was created by Tim
Berners-Lee
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 INTERNET

What is an INTERNET?

Is a global interconnected computer networks

(collection of networks) connecting millions of
computers together worldwide using the
standardized Internet Protocol Suite
(TCP/IP)

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 INTERNET

What is the purpose of

using INTERNET?

Allow direct communication and sharing of resources

across platforms ALL OVER THE WORLD

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 HOW THE INTERNET WORKS
Connecting to the Internet:
 Internet Service Provider (ISP):
Is a company that provides you with access to the Internet

 To connect to the Internet, you can use any of the followings:

1. Dial-up:
 Internet is accessed by using a telephone line to establish a
connection to an ISP
 The same phone line is used for your
home phone and Internet

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 HOW THE INTERNET WORKS
Connecting to the Internet:
2. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL):
 Internet is also accessed by using a telephone line to establish a
connection to an ISP
 BUT even on the same line, phone calls and Internet access will
operate on different frequencies

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 HOW THE INTERNET WORKS
Connecting to the Internet:
3. Wireless (Hot spot):
 Internet can be accessed without the use of cables
 A router will need to be plugged into the telephone socket
 Router:
Will create a wireless computer network
(by connecting several computers to the Internet at once)

ISP

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 NETWORK

What is a NETWORK?

Is a “cluster of computers”:
A group of 2 or more computer systems linked together
so they can exchange data

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 NETWORK
Types of Computer Networks:
1. Local Area Network (LAN):
 Is two or more connected computers
sharing resources in a small geographic location
 For example: Home network and Office network

2. Wide Area Network (WAN):

 Consists of two or more LANs which
covers a wider geographic location
 The computers are linked by
telephone lines or radio waves
 Basically, it is a network of networks

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5 LAYER NETWORKING MODEL

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 PROTOCOLS
Protocols:
 Are rules that computers must follow in order to communicate with each other

Is a communication protocol for the Internet

TCP/IP:
 Determines how data can be transmitted between computers across the Internet
 Consists of:
1. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):
Is responsible in transmitting data from the application to the network
2. Internet Protocol:
Takes care of the communication between computers (routing data)

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 HOW TCP/IP WORKS
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): Internet Protocol (IP):
When a stream of data is sent over the Is responsible in sending the
Internet by your computer packets to its destination:
By routing the packets to the
TCP will break them down into PACKETS and proper address
re-assemble them when they arrive at the destination

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 PROTOCOLS
Internet Services / Applications:
 TCP/IP is actually a large collection of protocols for communication between
computers over the Internet:
 For the Web: HTTP, HTTPS or FTP is used
 For e-mails: SMTP, IMAP or POP is used
 Depending on what purpose the Internet is used for, different protocols will be
used

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 WORLD WIDE WEB
World Wide Web (WWW):
 Allow computer users to locate and view multimedia-based documents on almost
any subject

These could either be:

• Web page:
An electronic document that contains text, graphics,audio and video
that is usually written in HTML
• Web site:
A collection of related web pages stored on a web server

 All computers uses a communication protocol called HTTP

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 WORLD WIDE WEB
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP):
 Is used to communicate between two computers on the
WWW specifically between web browser (client) and
web server
 It allow browsers to request resources from the server
To view a web page on a
Contact to request a page Web pages of a website are
web browser, you need to
know its address (URL)
(HTTP request) stored on a web server

http:// or https://
Sends the requested page
or ftp://
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 WORLD WIDE WEB
Each web page on a web site has unique address,called
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

URL:
 Is an "address" of a web page on the World WideWeb

http://www.yahoo.com/help/desk/index.html

Protocol: Domain Name: Path: Web Document:

Request to display Identifies the Identifies the Specifies the name
the web page name of the location of the of the web page
on a web browser web site web document
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 INTRANET
Intranet:
 Stands for:
 INTRA: Internal
 NET: Network
 Is a PRIVATE computer network that belongs to an organization that can be accessed
ONLY by authorized persons (employees or other members of the organization)
(Websites can only be accessed inside a company’s LAN or WAN)

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 INTRANET
Intranet Example :

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 EXTRANET
Extranet:
 Is actually an intranet that is partially accessible to authorized outsiders
such as partners, customers and suppliers
 Shared accessed content through an organization
 The actual server will reside behind the firewall:
The firewall helps to control limited access from extranet users

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INTERNET VS INTRANET VS EXTRANET

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EXAM QUESTION EXAMPLES

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EXAM QUESTION EXAMPLES

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