Running head: THE LIMITS OF CONCEPTUALIZATION

THE LIMITS OF CONCEPTUALIZATION

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THE LIMITS OF CONCEPTUALIZATION 2

SECTION 1

Despite the fact that computers can be designed to depict human like intelligence, there

are limits to which these capabilities cannot reach. you can automated computers to assume

some but not all human cognition features. Sowa in his work pointed out some of the matters that

are in contention of whether they can be automated or not. Some of these matters include

cybernetics, expressive power, artificial intelligence, relativity, science mythology, and problems

for cognitive science.

Cybernetics tries to study the elements that are functioning in human nervous system and

whether they can work in computers. This study of cybernetics tries to come up with the means

through which human beings can communicate with the machines. In as much as many groups of

architects have been working on cybernetics none of them has come to a success.

Artificial intelligence nature of a computerized device also raises concerns about the

limits the limit to which these devices could be intelligent (Hall, 2007). There are many

questions that have been raised many scientist and philosophers about whether computerized

devices are intelligent. The main arguments that really disqualify these computerized devices as

non-intelligent are those facts that question that if computers are intelligent, could the work

without humans and do they have the capabilities to think? For sure, there are devices such as

robots that can work sometimes without the presence of humans, but the reality is that they

directly or indirectly need human beings.

Another contentious issue that limits conceptualization is expressive power. Expressive

power is collection of procedures that can be represented and communicated in a given language.

Computers are known to be driven by programs, and programmers write these programs by use

of different programming languages (Hall, 2007). Despite there being different programming
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languages, computers understand only one language that is machine language. This then shows

that computers are human dependent and cannot work without humans.

Science of mythology is another factor that is limiting conceptualization from being

implemented fully. There are many believes that have been raised by different communities and

even scientist concerning conceptualization. For example, the Rape myth has highlighted the use

of computers as the contributing factors to why some of the women are raped by men (Hall,

2007). It has been believed that computers provide platform through which humans watch

phonographic videos leading to high chances of them leading to rape cases.

In as much as the computerized devices have been made to perform nearly all operations

that human beings do, some task that humans do cannot be conceptualized. Taking a concept like

that of sense of smelling for example, there is no way in which a computer can be made to smell

(Sowa, 1984). The sense of feeling cannot be conceptualized to a feature that the computers can

posses. Although computer scientists have tried to come up with other means such as that of

touch sensors that can detect foreign matters, that attribute cannot be compared with that of

human beings.

These are the major limitations amongst others that contribute to the reasons why full

conceptualization has never and will never be attained. The goodness is that partial

conceptualizations have been achieved. Nevertheless, with the assistance human beings effort,

conceptualization will be attained.

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SECTION 2

Pictures are powerful tools that are used to capture the attention of audience and pass the

massage that was intended to be passed. Pictures have been known to pass information faster to

anybody who comes across them. The use of pictures have come to be a better means of

communication, since they are not expensive an you don’t have to beg anybody to have a look to

a picture since they will perceive them automatically whether they like or not so long as they are

in strategic places. Pictures are universal since they are used nearly in all places and it is a means

that can reach all people right from all physically fit people to nearly all the disabled persons

except only the blind.

For example, traffic rules and their symbols are the same in the whole world with no

country in exception. This is very important because people keep on exploring to different

countries for adventure, work purposes, or any other mission. These people therefore, while in

their countries or in foreign countries might need to drive or be driven where they will encounter

these traffic symbols (Sowa, 1984). They therefore need to have acquired common traffic rules

and their symbols for them to drive safely even in new environments. Pedestrians and cyclist are

not in exception here, they also need to know traffic rules and their symbols. This means

therefore that these rules and symbols are though in driving school. The traffic symbols therefore

that are in form of pictures therefore are powerful tools that dictate the actions to be taken by the

drivers and pedestrians. For instance, suppose a in one crossroad a word STOP has been written

in a simple way by use of a biro pen, and in another crossroad a picture drawn in form of an

exclamation mark has been placed in a strategic place (Arieti, 1976). The users of these traffic

rules and symbols will tend to recognize the picture tool than the writings.
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Pictures are believed to have played a major role towards the emergence of computers.

This argument is true because pictures like computers are of visual in nature. The idea to

visualize pictures came through the eye cognition. It was after that idea that was followed by the

power to relate what has been seen with its actions and how it looks like. The multimedia

contents that are used nowadays emerged through this evolution. There is first a picture,

followed by sound and eventually actions, which are in firm of motion pictures. This has

emerged after a very long time of developments and improvements.

A computer for example, that is running windows operating system is full of programs

that are in form of graphical user interface. The nature, at which the graphical user interface is

viewed, was borrowed from the art of visualizing a picture. The visible components of windows

operating system include windows, icons, menus, and clickable buttons. Suppose the capability

to view pictures in computers, the n it is as if everything in the computer is being removed.

Other example that portrays well the use of pictures in conceptualization is the use of

pictures in games. Games nowadays are played in computers nearly in the same way the other

real games are played. Games of all types are played in computers ranging from football, pool,

car racing amongst others. In fact, these games are real pictures that have been animated to be in

form of moving pictures. The creators of these games use the knowledge of conceptualization.

Because if your car see for example a car that is being raced in computer in no much different

from the one that is in the real world. The only difference is the reality that is not in them, such

as that inability to get into the car and ride.

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SECTION 3

Endocepts

Endocept is term a derived from a Greek word ENDO meaning inside and an English

short form word CEPT that stand as completely as concepts in full. ENDOCEPTS therefore

means that they are cognition features that are there internally and are shielded from external

view. They include such features as non-verbal cues, unconscious or preconscious. Endocept

characters are hidden inside the body of an individual. For example, dwarfism and albinism traits

of some members of a given family may be hidden in some of their family members at a given

time but may come to appear in the offspring of their families. For example parents of the same

skin colour as that of Africans whose skins contains melanin may come together and raise a child

who may turn out to be an albino.

This feature of Endocept may be used in conceptualization to come up with computerised

devices that depict human like features such as that of hiding passwords. In fact during program

development the building blocks of a program are perceive as real objects. These objects will be

declared to have entities at different levels. if a functionality is to be shared through the whole

program, the n they are declared as public but if they are to be used in a given subroutine, they

are use as private. This is a feature that is used to develop program that username that are open

for public where anybody can know your username while password is protect and not visible to

the public. This is the feature that has provided security to computers to date despite the fact that

it emerged from as a simple idea.

Mental model

Mental model is a mental disorder condition that was handled by Arieti while he was

carrying out psychotherapy on a schizophrenic patient. Most of the mental disorders are related
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with human internal cognition activities especially those related with heart issues (Hall, 2007).

The main contributions to this kind of problems include threat, heart attack, and stress amongst

others. The arm is brought to the body when it reacts to external stimuli in a shock through

unexpected manner. For example when a child is rapped or there was an attempt to rape her, that

particular child will develop a trauma that will be difficult to eradicate nearly in all his or her

lifetime. That act will keep on re appearing in his or her mind whenever he or she comes across

nearly the same scenario as to the one the heinous act was carried on him or her. The picture of

that scene will remain nearly permanent in the memories of the victim for a very long time.

This idea was taken and conceptualized so as to be implemented in computerized devices.

Like human being computers can keep memory of a given task that was performed at a given

time for a very long period of time. Computers have been building with two types of memories.

That is the one that keeps track of records that are being worked on daily routine, this kind of

memory is known as Random Access Memory (RAM). While the other kind of memory is the

one that stores information that have been worked on permanently into the external storage

devices such as Compact Disk(CD), Digital Versatile Disk(DVD), flash disk amongst others

(Arieti, 1976).

From all the studies of conceptualization, it is clear that the idea of coming up with

computerized devices has started long time ago and it has been contributed by many people. This

means therefore that the early philosophers were the ones who pioneered and opened the way for

other inventors to come and develop these computerized devices (Hall, 2007).

These studies of philosophy try to explain the reason why computers depict humans in

nearly every way. For example, the main common activities that are done by the computer

include input, processing, storage, and output. Input is equivalent to human beings reading
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external information. Processing is equivalent to human being ability to comprehend and act on a

given operation. Storage is compared with that operation where human beings store items in

cabinets or drawers Output being like providing the feedback to the requests that had been made

either by word of mouth or by action by use of nonverbal cues.

On the other hand these computers, in as much as they try to depict human like

intelligence, they fail to some extent miss some other capabilities that are impossible to

incorporate. Such features that of making a computer to develop feelings, senses, and tests are

the tasks that computers can never do. However, the same can be made to be shown by the

character within the motion pictures to bring the continuity to liveliness.

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References

Arieti, S. (1976). Creativity: The Magic Synthesis. New York, NY: Basic Books.

Hall, S. (2007). This means this, This means that: A user's guide to semiotics. Laurence King

Pub. Ltd.

Sowa, J. F. ( 1984). Cognitive Architectures For Conceptual Structures.