INPUT AND OUTPUT INTERFACING

7 SEGMENTS DISPLAY
WHAT WILL BE COVER?

 What is the 7 segments display?

 How to control 7 segments display using PIC microcontroller?

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I/O INTERFACING: 7 SEGMENTS DISPLAY

 A 7 segments display (SSD), or 7 segments indicator, is a form of electronic display device

for displaying decimal numerals that is an alternative to the more complex dot-matrix
displays.
 7 segments displays are widely used in digital clocks, electronic meters, and other electronic
devices for displaying numerical information
 A 7 segments display may have 7, 8, or 9 leads on the chip. Usually leads 8 and 9 are
decimal points.

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I/O INTERFACING: 7 SEGMENTS DISPLAY

 There are two types of displays available, common anode (CAD) and common cathode (CCD).

 The Common Cathode Display (CCD) – In the common cathode display, all the cathode
connections of the LED’s are joined together to logic “0” or ground. The individual segments
are illuminated by application of a “HIGH”, logic “1” signal to the individual Anode terminals.
In other words, CCD is an active high device.
 The Common Anode Display (CAD) – In the common anode display, all the anode
connections of the LED’s are joined together to logic “1” and the individual segments are
illuminated by connecting the individual Cathode terminals to a “LOW”, logic “0” signal. In
other words, CAD is an active low device.

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I/O INTERFACING: 7 SEGMENTS DISPLAY
 The light emitting diodes in a 7 segments display are arranged in
the following figure:

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I/O INTERFACING: 7 SEGMENTS DISPLAY
 7 segments display configuration:
 CCD:
 X = 1 (turn on segment)
 Blank = 0 (turn off segment)
 CAD:
 X = 0 (turn on segment)
 Blank = 1 (turn off segment)

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I/O INTERFACING: 7-SEGMENT DISPLAY

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EXERCISE

1. Exercise 1: Display Numbers on 7 Segments Display

 Objective: Objective: Learn how to configure and display numbers (0 – 9) on 7 segments display for CCD and CAD type.
There are two exercises: 1.1 is using CCD type and 1.2 is using CAD type.
2. Exercise 2: Count Up and Count Down Counter
 Objective: Learn how to use switch with 7 segments display to create a count up and count down counter. There are two
exercises: 2.1 is auto counting when switch is pressed and 2.2 is single increment or decrement depends on which
switch has been pressed.

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EXERCISE 1.1 – CIRCUIT CONNECTION

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EXERCISE 1.1 - HARDWARE CONFIGURATION IN PICSIMLAB

 Configuration

 7 Segments – PORTC
 Mode: CCD (Active High)

 Task:
 Display counting value from 0 to 9
continuously.

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EXERCISE 1.1: FLOWCHART

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 EXERCISE 1.1 - CODE

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 EXERCISE 1.1 - CODE

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EXERCISE 1.1 - RESULTS

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EXERCISE 1.2 – CIRCUIT CONNECTION

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EXERCISE 1.2 - HARDWARE CONFIGURATION IN PICSIMLAB

 Configuration

 7 Segments – PORTC
 Mode: CAD (Active Low)

 Task:
 Display counting value from 0 to 9
continuously.

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EXERCISE 1.2: FLOWCHART

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 EXERCISE 1.2 - CODE

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 EXERCISE 1.2 - CODE

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EXERCISE 1.2 - RESULTS

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EXERCISE 2.1 – CIRCUIT CONNECTION

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EXERCISE 2.1 - HARDWARE CONFIGURATION IN PICSIMLAB

 Configuration

 7 Segments – PORTC
 Mode: CCD (Active High)

 2 PUSH BUTTON – RB0 & RB1

 Mode: Active Low

 Task:
 If UP button pressed
 Display counting value from 0 to
9 continuously.
 If DOWN button pressed
 Display counting value from 9 to
0 continuously.
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EXERCISE 2.1:
FLOWCHART

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 EXERCISE 2.1 - CODE

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 EXERCISE 2.1 - CODE

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 EXERCISE 2.1 - CODE

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EXERCISE 2.1 - RESULTS
Button UP Pressed: Counting UP

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EXERCISE 2.1 - RESULTS
Button DOWN Pressed: Counting DOWN

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EXERCISE 2.2 – CIRCUIT CONNECTION

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EXERCISE 2.2 - HARDWARE CONFIGURATION IN PICSIMLAB

 Configuration
 7 Segments – PORTC
 Mode: CCD (Active High)

 2 PUSH BUTTON – RB0 & RB1

 Mode: Active Low

 Task:
 Display counter value on 7 segments
display.
 If UP button pressed
 Counter will increased. If value
reached greater than 9, remain at 9.
 If DOWN button pressed
 Counter will decreased. If value
reached below 0, remain at 0.

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EXERCISE 2.2:
FLOWCHART

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 EXERCISE 2.2 - CODE

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 EXERCISE 2.2 - CODE

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 EXERCISE 2.2 - CODE

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 EXERCISE 2.2 - CODE

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 EXERCISE 2.2 - CODE

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 EXERCISE 2.2 - RESULTS

Button Button Button Button

Button
UP UP UP UP
DOWN

Button Button Button Button

DOWN DOWN DOWN DOWN Button Button
Button DOWN UP
Button Button Button
UP UP UP UP

Button Button Button Button Button

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I/O INTERFACING: BCD TO 7 SEGMENTS DECODER

 A digital or binary decoder decoder is a digital combinational logic circuit which can convert one
form of digital code into another form.
 BCD to 7 segments display decoder is a special decoder which can convert binary coded decimals
into another form which can be easily displayed through a 7 segments display.
 Example of the BCD to 7 segment decoders IC
 CD4511
 can drive common cathode seven segment display only

 LS7447
 can drive common anode seven segment display only.

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I/O INTERFACING: BCD TO 7 SEGMENTS DECODER – CD4511
Pins Description
Pin Name Pin # Type Description

VDD 16 Power Supply Voltage (+3 to +15V)

GND 8 Power Ground (0V)

a-f 9-15 Output Outputs for the 7 segments display

D0-D3 7, 1, 2, 6 Input 4-bit BCD data input

Lamp Test. Turns on all segments

LT 3 Input
when LOW.

Blanking Test. Turns off all segments

BL 4 Input
when LOW.
Latch Enable. Stores the current state
LE 5 Input
when LOW.
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I/O INTERFACING: BCD TO 7 SEGMENTS DECODER – CD4511

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EXERCISE

3. Exercise 3: Display Numbers on 7 Segments Display using BCD to 7 Segments Decoder

 Objective: Learn how to configure and display numbers (0 – 9) on 7 segments display using BCD to 7 segments
decoder. There are three exercises: 3.1 connect Latch Enable control pin to Ground (no control pin), 3.2 used different
port for BCD input and Latch Enable control pin and 3.3 used same port.

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EXERCISE 3.1 – CIRCUIT CONNECTION

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EXERCISE 3.1 - HARDWARE CONFIGURATION IN PICSIMLAB

 Configuration
 CD4511 BCD input– PORTC –
(RC0 – RC4)
 CD4511 LE control pin
 D1 - Connect to Ground
 D2 – D4 – Connect to VCC (Not Used)

 2 PUSH BUTTON – RB0 & RB1

 Mode: Active Low

 Task:
 If UP button pressed
 Display counting value from 0 to 9
continuously.
 If DOWN button pressed
 Display counting value from 9 to 0
continuously.
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EXERCISE 3.1:
FLOWCHART

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 EXERCISE 3.1 –
CODE : NO CONTROL
PIN

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 EXERCISE 3.1 –
CODE : NO CONTROL
PIN

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EXERCISE 3.1 - RESULTS
Button UP Pressed: Counting UP

Continue to

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EXERCISE 3.1 - RESULTS
Button DOWN Pressed: Counting DOWN

Continue to

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EXERCISE 3.2 – CIRCUIT CONNECTION

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EXERCISE 3.2 - HARDWARE CONFIGURATION IN PICSIMLAB

 Configuration
 CD4511 BCD input– PORTC –
(RC0 – RC4)
 CD4511 LE control pin
 D1 - At different port – RA0
 D2 – D4 – Connect to VCC (Not Used)

 2 PUSH BUTTON – RB0 & RB1

 Mode: Active Low

 Task:
 If UP button pressed
 Display counting value from 0 to 9
continuously.
 If DOWN button pressed
 Display counting value from 9 to 0
continuously.
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EXERCISE 3.2:
FLOWCHART

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 EXERCISE 3.2 –
CODE : CONTROL PIN
AT DIFFERENT PORT

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 EXERCISE 3.2 –
CODE : CONTROL PIN
AT DIFFERENT PORT

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 EXERCISE 3.2 –
CODE : CONTROL PIN
AT DIFFERENT PORT

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EXERCISE 3.2 - RESULTS
Button UP Pressed: Counting UP

Continue to

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EXERCISE 3.2 - RESULTS
Button DOWN Pressed: Counting DOWN

Continue to

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EXERCISE 3.3 – CIRCUIT CONNECTION

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EXERCISE 3.3 - HARDWARE CONFIGURATION IN PICSIMLAB

 Configuration
 CD4511 BCD input– PORTC –
(RC0 – RC4)
 CD4511 LE control pin
 D1 - At same port – RC7
 D2 – D4 – Connect to VCC (Not Used)

 2 PUSH BUTTON – RB0 & RB1

 Mode: Active Low

 Task:
 If UP button pressed
 Display counting value from 0 to 9
continuously.
 If DOWN button pressed
 Display counting value from 9 to 0
continuously.
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EXERCISE 3.3:
FLOWCHART

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 EXERCISE 3.3 –
CODE : CONTROL PIN
AT SAME PORT

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 EXERCISE 3.3 –
CODE : CONTROL PIN
AT SAME PORT

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 EXERCISE 3.3 –
CODE : CONTROL PIN
AT SAME PORT

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EXERCISE 3.3 - RESULTS
Button UP Pressed: Counting UP

Continue to

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EXERCISE 3.3 - RESULTS
Button DOWN Pressed: Counting DOWN

Continue to

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I/O INTERFACING: MULTIPLE 7 SEGMENTS DISPLAY

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I/O INTERFACING: MULTIPLE 7 SEGMENTS DISPLAY

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I/O INTERFACING: MULTIPLE 7 SEGMENTS DISPLAY

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I/O INTERFACING: MULTIPLE 7 SEGMENTS DISPLAY

 Persistence of vision (POV) refers to the optical illusion that occurs when visual
perception of an object does not cease for some time after the rays of light
proceeding from it have ceased to enter the eye.
 The human eye receives the light rays and sends the signals to the brain where
perception occurs.
 The image you see inside your brain takes some time to fade away after it actually
disappears in front of your eyes.
 Therefore, the eye could be easily tricked by changing a scene fast enough so that the
brain perceives an object in two places at the same time.
 A very common example you might have seen before is the POV LED Watch.
 A led bar rotating very fast with a motor mount, so we can make the LEDs “appear” to be in
multiple places, therefore we can draw whatever we want using only a strip of LEDs instead of a
huge LED matrix.
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I/O INTERFACING: MULTIPLE 7 SEGMENTS DISPLAY – DIRECT CONTROL

 The key idea of controlling multiple 7-segment displays is to use the same 8 IO output pins for all the
segment lines.
 And also an additional control pin (transistor) to activate each 7-segment unit one at a time.

 And keep switching between all the digits fast enough to seemingly look as if they are lit at the same time.

 In order to do the switching, the control pin required since all the segments used same 8 IO outputs.

 In direct control, the simplest method is to add NPN BJT transistor to control the common pin.

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EXERCISE

4. Exercise 4: Display Numbers on Three 7 Segments Displays

 Objective: Objective: Learn how to configure and display numbers (0 – 999) on 7 segments display for CCD and CAD
type. There are two exercises: 4.1 is using CCD type and 4.2 is using CAD type.

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EXERCISE 4.1 – CIRCUIT CONNECTION

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EXERCISE 4.1 - HARDWARE CONFIGURATION IN PICSIMLAB

 Configuration

 7 Segments input– PORTC

 Type: CCD (Active High)

 7 Segments control pin

 D1 - Connect to Ground (Not Used)
 D2 – RD2
 D3 – RD1
 D4 – RD0

 Task:
 Display number from 000 - 999

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EXERCISE 4.1:
FLOWCHART

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 EXERCISE 4.1 –
CODE

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 EXERCISE 4.1 –
CODE

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 EXERCISE 4.1 –
CODE

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EXERCISE 4.1 - RESULTS

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EXERCISE 4.2 – CIRCUIT CONNECTION

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EXERCISE 4.2 - HARDWARE CONFIGURATION IN PICSIMLAB

 Configuration

 7 Segments input– PORTC

 Type: CAD (Active Low)

 7 Segments control pin

 D1 - Connect to Ground (Not Used)
 D2 – RD2
 D3 – RD1
 D4 – RD0

 Task:
 Display number from 000 - 999

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EXERCISE 4.2:
FLOWCHART

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 EXERCISE 4.2 –
CODE

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 EXERCISE 4.2 –
CODE

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 EXERCISE 4.2 –
CODE

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EXERCISE 4.2 - RESULTS

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I/O INTERFACING: MULTIPLE 7 SEGMENTS DISPLAY – USING LATCH

 The 74XX573 is an 8-bit D-type transparent latch with 3-state

outputs.
 The device features latch enable (LE) and output enable (𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂) inputs.
 When LE is HIGH, data at the inputs enter the latches.
 In this condition the latches are transparent, a latch output will
change each time its corresponding D-input changes.
 When LE is LOW the latches store the information that was present at
the inputs a set-up time preceding the HIGH-to-LOW transition of LE.
 A HIGH on 𝑶𝑶𝑶𝑶 causes the outputs to assume a high-impedance OFF-
state.
 Operation of the 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 input does not affect the state of the latches.
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I/O INTERFACING: MULTIPLE 7 SEGMENTS DISPLAY – USING LATCH

 Using latch will eliminate the requirement of fast switching on every

digits since it has the capabilities to hold data.
 Therefore, we just need to latch desired digit and the data will remain
until we latched new data.
 No changes in all segments pin connection.
 When using latch, the 7 segments display common pin is directly
connected to VCC (CAD) or Ground (CCD).
 For controlling pin (digits selection), the LE pin will be used.

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EXERCISE

5. Exercise 5: Display Numbers on TWO 7 Segments Displays with Latch

 Objective: Learn how to configure and display numbers (0 – 99) on 7 segments display for CCD type with Latch.

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EXERCISE 5 – CIRCUIT CONNECTION

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EXERCISE 5 - HARDWARE CONFIGURATION IN PICSIMLAB

 Configuration

 74xx573 input– PORTC

 LE control pin
 LE1 – RD2
 LE2 – RD1
 LE3 – RD0

 7 Segments Display
 Mode: CCD (Active High)
 Connect to Latch Output

 Task:
 Display number from 000 - 999
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EXERCISE 5 - HARDWARE CONFIGURATION IN PICSIMLAB

 Sample Setting

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EXERCISE 5:
FLOWCHART

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 EXERCISE 5 – CODE

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 EXERCISE 5 – CODE

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 EXERCISE 5 – CODE

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EXERCISE 5 - RESULTS

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REFERENCES

I. https://exploreembedded.com/wiki/Interfacing_Seven_Segments_with_PIC16f877a
II. https://microcontrollerslab.com/7-segment-display-interfacing-with-pic-microcontroller/
III. https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2018/05/binary-decoder.html
IV. https://circuitdigest.com/electronic-circuits/7-segment-display-driver-using-ic-cd4511
V. https://www.engineersgarage.com/bcd-to-7-segment-display-circuit/
VI. https://components101.com/ics/cd4511-7-segment-driver-ic
VII. https://deepbluembedded.com/multiplexing-7-segment-displays-3-digit-7-segment-interfacing-with-pic-
microcontrollers/
VIII. https://microcontrollerslab.com/7-segment-display-interfacing-with-pic-
microcontroller/#:~:text=To%20display%20a%20counter%20of,via%20a%20resistor%20of%20560R.
IX. https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/7-segment-display-interfacing-with-pic16f877a
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