CHAPTER 1

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

National service means serving the public within the context of certain

political and economic institutions, rather than just "service to the public."

National service is inextricably related to the concept of serving one's country

in the context of a patriotic age. It entails actively contributing to the

development and strengthening of the same nationalism that it supports.

The R.A. 9163, also known as the National Service Training Program

(NSTP) Act of 2001, a devoted project aimed at cultivating civic

consciousness and enhancing young preparation in concerns of national

security. This initiative aims to emphasize the critical role that young people

play in the process of nation-building. It focuses a major emphasis on

cultivating adolescent civic consciousness and strives to promote their

physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. Thus, the NSTP

Act of 2001 is an important component in enabling the younger generation to

actively contribute to the nation's growth and improvement.

The Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC), Literary Training

Service (LTS), and Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) are the three

program components of NSTP. ROTC is a curriculum component is designed

to provide tertiary-level students with military training, with the primary goal of

preparing them for national defense readiness. Students who participate in

ROTC obtain significant information and skills in defense and security, which

contribute to their role as responsible and well-prepared citizens. LTS is

designed to prepare students to become educators who can pass on

important reading and numeracy skills. Students gain the skills necessary to

effectively teach reading and numeracy, supporting education and

empowerment in their communities. CWTS programs and activities are

designed to make a positive difference in the overall well-being and holistic

development of community members. Students that participate in CWTS

actively participate in activities that improve the overall well-being of the

community. This component promotes students to be engaged and

responsible citizens who contribute to the growth of their communities and the

welfare of society.

Higher education institutions recognized the significance of this

program for instilling civic consciousness, nationalism, social and

environmental awareness, and national security in the next generation. As a

result, they are better prepared to respond to our developing country's urgent

needs, and as the most valuable resource of the Filipino nation, they must be

motivated, developed, and utilized in terms of their responsibilities as citizens

and fulfillment of their civil obligations, thus NSTP as a training ground.

The goal of this study is to see how effective NSTP is among first-year

criminology students at Andres Soriano Colleges of Bislig, Inc. The

researchers want to look at the efficacy of the NSTP for students. It intends to

explore the function that the aforementioned curriculum plays in students'

training to become future law enforcement officers. Furthermore, the

researchers want to know how important NSTP is to the respondents.

Statement of the Problem

This study will look at the implementation of of NSTP Law for first-year

criminology students at Andres Soriano Colleges of Bislig. This study

specifically sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondent in terms of:

1.1 Sex

1.2 Age

2. What is the level of implementation of NSTP Law towards the

respondents in terms of:

2.1 Leadership

2.2 Professionalism

2.3 Community Involvement

2.4 Nationalism

2.5 Social and Environmental Awareness

3. Is there a significant difference between the respondent’s profile and

the implementation of National Service Training Program?

4. Is there a significant relationship between the respondent’s profile and

the implementation of National Service Training Program?

Theoretical Framework / Conceptual Framework

To evoke the impact of criminology internship program to the

criminology interns, the researchers will use the Transformational Leadership

Theory and Service-Learning Theory.

The Transformational Leadership Theory

Transformational leadership is described as a style of leadership that

affects both individuals and societal systems. Its optimal form produces

meaningful and positive change in followers, with the ultimate objective of

growing followers into leaders. Transformational leadership, when practiced

authentically, improves followers' motivation, morale, and performance

through a number of processes.

Transformational leadership is characterized by the existence of four

unique characteristics, which individuals have to varied degrees. These

characteristics, as articulated by Bass, Avolio, and Atwater in their key paper

published in 1996, form the foundation of this leadership strategy.

Transformational leadership is a powerful and dynamic leadership style

that goes beyond traditional management. It is distinguished by its

extraordinary capacity to inspire and promote positive transformation in the

persons and teams it leads. Transformational leaders are fully devoted to the

success and development of every person under their supervision. This

leadership style is founded on numerous fundamental ideas and

characteristics, including: Inspiration for Positive Change; Individualized

Commitment; Empowerment; Continuous Growth; and Ethical & Moral

Leadership.

The Service-Learning Theory

Service-learning, as defined by Jacoby in 1996, may be defined as a

dynamic educational technique based on experience learning. In this method,

students actively participate in activities aimed at meeting the basic needs of

individuals and the community as a whole. These events are carefully planned

and serve as deliberate platforms for student learning and personal

improvement. Two key principles are important to the philosophy of service-

learning: reflection and reciprocity.

The act of reflecting is an essential component of the service-learning

experience. It comprises students pausing to reflect on and critically analyze

the relevance of their participation. Students may get significant insights from

their service experiences by reflecting on them, linking theory to practice and

increasing their critical thinking and self-awareness. Another tenet of service-

learning is reciprocity. It expresses the core concept of a mutually beneficial

interaction between students and the communities or persons they serve.

While students gain vital information and skills, communities or people receive

concrete support and help, resulting in a mutually beneficial, symbiotic

partnership that fosters learning and community development.

In essence, service-learning is a dynamic educational technique that

extends learning outside the classroom, providing students with not just

academic knowledge but also a strong feeling of social responsibility,

empathy, and a desire to participate in civic life. It is an approach that not only

improves students' academic experiences, but also instills a dedication to

community participation and social conscience in them.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Profile of the Implementation of

Respondents National Service
Training Program

Figure 1. Shows the Conceptual Paradigm of the Study.

The independent and dependent variables in the study are shown in Figure 1.

The independent variable are first-year criminology students, while the

dependent variable is the effectiveness of the national service training

program. The impacts or alterations found in the NSTP are not expected to

influence respondents.

Significance of the Study

For the students. Students will learn about the effectiveness of NSTP

in shaping persons who want to be law enforcement officers.

Teachers. Teachers can utilize the material in this study to acquire a

better understanding of the usefulness of NSTP in assisting students to

become future law enforcers and to design strategies for the students'

leadership development.

Parents. Parents will be aware of the effectiveness of NSTP among

kids aspiring to be law enforcement officers. Parents can use the information

in this research as a guide to better support their child's goals.

For future researchers. The findings of this study may be valuable for

future studies seeking to learn more about the efficacy of NSTP among

students in relation to achieving their goals.

Definition of Terms

The definitions supplied here are useful to have a better grasp of the

topic explored in the research. The terminologies are also operationally

defined to illustrate their application in this study.

National Service Training Program. It represents a focused endeavor with

the goal of elevating civic awareness and equipping young individuals to

confront national security challenges.

R.A. 9163. It is officially stated that the government's primary duty is to serve

and protect its citizens. In turn, it is the obligation of all citizens to defend the

security of the State, and the government may demand each citizen to give

personal, military, or civil service in order to accomplish that duty.

Nation Building. Is a considerable effort by governments to build political,

economic, security, and social institutions in other nations, particularly those

emerging from conflicts.

Transformational Leadership. It inspires and motivates teams by

encouraging creativity, creating a positive work environment, and supporting

individual growth.

Service-Learning. It combines community service with academic learning,

allowing students to apply what they're studying in real-world situations while

contributing to their community.

National Security. It involves protecting a country's citizens, resources, and

interests from external and internal threats to ensure its stability and well-

being.