Module 1

1) Objective Description.
It conveys feelings and emotions

MODULE 1: Reading and about a person, place, or thing.
2) Subjective Description. It conveys feelings and emotions
Writing about a person, place, or thing.
LESSON 3.1: Narration
Narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and LESSON 3.3: Comparison and Contrast
establishes facts. It is sharing of personal experiences that
offers lessons and insights. It is more than just a chronological A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast
sequence of events that happen to the different characters. It tells how they are different. A comparison and contrast
also contains elements of drama and tension. paragraph can do either or both.
Narration is the most common type of paragraph There are two ways in writing a comparison and contrast
development. It has the following elements: paragraph.
1) Setting. It is the time and location in which a story takes 1) Subject – by - Subject Method. You present all of the
place. facts and supporting details about one topic, and then you
give all the facts and supporting details about the other
2) Characters. The significant part of the story which topic.
features the characters as well as the protagonist and 2) Point – by - Point Arrangement. You discuss each point
antagonist. for both subjects before giving on the next point.
3) Plot. It is the logical series of events. The five essential
parts of the plot:
a. Exposition. It is the part of the story where the
characters and the setting are revealed. LESSON 3.4: Classification Paragraph
b. Rising Action. It is where the events in the story
become complicated and the conflict in the story is In a classification paragraph, you tell readers how a
exposed. collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an
c. Climax. This is the highest point of interest and the activity of sorting items (people, things, idea) into categories:
turning point of the story.
d. Falling Action. The events and complications begin 1) Terms that signal classification
to resolve themselves.  aspects
e. Denouement. The final resolution of the plot in the  kinds
story.  qualities
 traits
4) Point of View. It is the perspective of the writer in  areas levels
narrating the story.  systems
a. First person point of view. The story is told by the  types.
protagonist or one of the characters using pronouns I, 2) Transitional Expressions
me, we.  can be divided
b. Second person point of view. The author tells the  can be categorized
story in second point of view using the pronouns you,  can be classifies
yours, and your.  the first type
c. Third person point of view. The narrator is not part
of the story but describes the events that happen. The
writer uses the pronouns he, she, him, and her.
LESSON 3.5: Definition
LESSON 3.2: Description A definition explains what a term means. When you want
your readers to know exactly how you are using a certain term
A descriptive paragraph uses sensory details such as or an unfamiliar concept, you use definition.
sights, smells, tastes, feelings and textures to create vivid
images in the reader’s mind. It often uses spatial order to The following are the different types of definitions:
create a clear visual image of a person, place, object or scene.
1) Formal Definition. The definitions provided in
There are two kinds of descriptive paragraph: dictionaries.
2) Informal Definitions. The three common informal
definitions are operational definitions, synonyms, and
connotations.
a. Operational Definitions gives the meaning of
an abstract word for one particular time and LESSON 3.9: Problem and Solution
place.
b. Synonyms or words that mean the same as How to link a problem paragraph to a solution paragraph,
another word.
these are paragraphs that identify a problem of some kind and
c. Denotation is the exact meaning of d. the word;
while, connotation is an idea or meaning report on an innovative solution.
suggested by or associated with a word or
things. The event in the if-clause is possible, or is likely to happen.
d. Definition Paragraph. It is a definition The event in the result clause would logically follow. There
sentence which is extended into a paragraph by are others types of conditional sentences, but first conditionals
adding meanings, descriptions, narrations, and are the most common in writing about problems and solutions.
other kinds of paragraph development to make
clear the term being defined.
LESSON 3.10: Persuasion

LESSON 3.6: Cause and Effect A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a
particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants
A cause is what make a particular thing happen. An effect you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in
is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. favor of one side over another. Facts may be presented in
support of a position, but the writer is not being objective. The
This type of paragraph can be organized in two ways: point of view is subjective.
1) Identify the effect in the topic sentence and write about its Objective: impartial; fair; balanced; factual
causes.
2) Write about the cause in the topic sentence and write Subjective: partial; in favor of an idea; biased
about its effects.
LESSON 3.7: Cause and Effect
An analogy is a comparison in which an idea or a thing is

compared to another thing that is quite different from it. It
aims at explaining that idea or thing by comparing it to
something that is familiar.
LESSON 3.8: Process
A process paragraph explains how something works or

tells how to do something. The rest of the paragraph should
discuss the steps in the process, one by one, in the order in
which they occur.
There are two different kinds of process paragraphs:
1) Process explanations. The writer’s purpose is simply to

help readers understand a process, not perform it.
2) Instructions. The writer’s purpose is to give readers the
information they need to perform a task or activity.

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1) Objective Description.

It conveys feelings and emotions

LESSON 3.1: Narration

LESSON 3.10: Persuasion

LESSON 3.7: Cause and Effect

An analogy is a comparison in which an idea or a thing is

LESSON 3.8: Process

A process paragraph explains how something works or

There are two different kinds of process paragraphs:

1) Process explanations. The writer’s purpose is simply to

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