EAPP Quater2 Lesson 1

EAPP
Quarter 2
Lesson 1: Techniques in Summarizing Academic Texts
MAIN IDEA
 It is the point of the paragraph, the most important thought about the topic. It is usually the first or last
sentence of the paragraph or text. To figure out the main idea, ask yourself the question: What is being
said about the person, thing, or idea (the topic)?
Example:
Summer is the best time to spend time and relax at Long Beach, located at San Vicente Palawan. It is a 14-
kilometer beach with white-colored and soft sand. It is one of the most popular beaches in the province for its
clear and crystallized water. Local and international tourists enjoy swimming, walking and enjoying the peace
and preserved beauty of the place. This is a fun beach for people who want to relax.
In this paragraph:
 the topic is Long Beach
 the main idea (what the writer is saying about the
topic) is that summer is the best time to enjoy Long
Beach, Palawan
WHAT IS A SUMMARY?
A brief account of the main ideas of a long passage or verse. The gist or synopsis of an original text.
SUMMARIZING…
 Uses reader’s own words in presenting original ideas with the same mood and point of view free from
any comment or interpretation.
 Should be shorter than the original text.
 Aims to present large amount of information in a short and concise text that includes only the most
important ideas of the original text.
 Summarizing helps you deepen your understanding of the text and identify relevant information or key
ideas.
GUIDELINES in SUMMARIZING
The following are guidelines in summarizing a text from Monterey Peninsula College, Reading
Center.
1. Preview the text. Gather the information needed to focus and set goals.
2. Read, and understand the text. Review the material to make sure you know it well.
3. Look for the thesis, main idea, and evidence.
4. Identify and paraphrase the topic sentence (which contains the main idea).
5. Group the details (minor details). Organize your evidence by grouping the article into sections. Not all
information is equal: some of the information is clearly more important than the rest.
Topic Sentence: Bats, in fact, are among the least understood and least appreciated of animals.
Evidence:
#1: Bats are not rodents with wings
#2: Bats cannot see colors; they have good vision in both dim and bright light.
#3: There are about 1,000 species of bat, ranging in size.
Use basic signal words.
ASK YOURSELF:
Who? What? Where? When? Why? How?
(Subject) (action) (location) (time) (reason) (procedure)
6. Change the words but never the meaning. A summary uses paraphrased sentences, with
only occasional quotes from the original text.
TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING
A. 5 Dot Jots Technique
STEP 1: Create the Three-Part Summary Topic Sentence
a. Name it: Name the title of the piece and the author.
b. Verb it: Carefully choose verbs that you are going to use (tells,
list, show, explore, describes, compares, etc.)
c. Big Picture: State the main idea of the selection.
Note: If having a hard time looking the main idea, skip the part and proceed to the JOT
DOTS.
STEP 2: JOT DOTS is listing 3 to 6 key point (must be important in the selection) and must
be presented in chronological order (first, second, then and finally). Follow “Rule of 5”
each entry should be limited to five words or less.
Example:
Name It Verb It Big Picture

Bats by Debbie Dean Describes The physical distinct/ feature of
bats
Jots Dots 1. Bats are not rodent
2. Does not see color
3. Echolocation
4. Special diet
5. Valuable functions
Note: For textual support, use what elevate your writing, use facts and quotes from the text that fits in what you
are writing.
B. SAAC Method
- It is another useful technique for summarizing any kind of text (such as a story, an article,
or a speech).
- SAAC is an acronym for "State, Assign, Action, Complete." Each word in the acronym refers to a specific
element that should be included in the summary.
State: the name of the article, book, or story

Assign: the name of the author
Action: what the author is doing (example: tells, explains)
Complete: complete the sentence or summary with keywords and important details
Example:
State: Bats
Assign: Debbie Dean
Action: describes
Complete: the physical features of bats, characteristics and way of living.
C. Somebody Wanted But So Then

- is an excellent summarizing strategy for stories. Each word represents a key question related to the story's
essential elements:
Somebody: Who is the story about?

Wanted: What does the main charter want?
But: Identify a problem that the main character encountered.
So: How does the main character solve the problem?
Then: Tell how the story ends.
Example:
Somebody What is text about? Bats

Wanted What does the author want to say? The author wants to inform
everyone about the characteristics
of bats
But Identify a problem the People in the past believe that these
mentioned in the text creatures have magical powers and
believe that they are rodent and
carries rabies.
So How did the author solve the The author explained the
problem/ misinterpretation? characteristics of bats.
Then Tell how the story/text ends. The author emphasized that these
creatures shouldn’t be judge
because of its unusual physical
features nor harm or
underestimate them.
Lesson 2:
Using Critical Approaches in Writing a Critique
Critiquing can be a way of looking into great perspectives for the betterment of an organization.
This can aid to plan and decide whether to change or improve an idea, and make a difference.
What is a critique?
It is a careful analysis or evaluation of a work/concept which explains how well the points are
made, what assumptions underlie the argument, what issues are overlooked, and what
implications are drawn from such observations.
Critiquing purposes:
1. To evaluate what you have read and observed
2. To determine the strength and weaknesses of an argument
3. To widen your knowledge and understanding of a work/concept
What are the critical approaches to use when writing a critique?

Formalism Feminism
Definition This approach typically concentrates on
advocating women – their lives, status in
society, identity, and how their characteristics
It originates in Russia and its root word are defined in literature.
“form” targets the aesthetics of language
and other elements in a text as to its Feminism are the people in our society from
symbols, language, and structure to hold a all walks of life who firmly believe that men
“new” meaning to the readers. and women are both equal. In literary
writings, women are considered to advocate
their rights and not only prejudices and
oppressions.
Lens/ Focus Form means focus or emphasis on the Author’s background refers to the belief,
properties of the text such as words and culture and philosophies of the writer.
other elements.
Symbols are images used to conveys the
Text means the finished product which rights and roles of women.
cannot be changed.
Theme means the readers analyze texts that
Meaning refers to the central meaning of promote stereotyping and gender inequality
the work is best interpreted as how the bringing women to be oppressed in roles,
author used the words and elements as a interest and experiences in a variety of field in
whole and ignoring other influences. the society.
Structure refers to the plot, figures and Influence refers to the outside forces which
other elements coordinate at each other. affirm how society or even history views
women.
Literariness refers to the words
aesthetically unique, creates timeless, and
coherent meaning.
Questions  How is the work organized in terms

of plot and structure?  What does the work reveal about
 What is the relationship of each women’s lives?
part of the work to the work as a  Does the writer’s gender affect the
whole? form and content of the work?
 Who is narrating?  How do male and female characters
 How is the narrator, speaking relate to one another?
persona, or character revealed to  How do the images of women in the
the readers? story reflect patriarchal social forces
 What do the character represent? that have impeded women’s effort to
 What does the setting reveal? achieve full equality with men?
 How does it relate to what we know  What behavioral expectations are
of the characters and their actions? imposed on the characters?
 What makes it symbolic?  What effect do these expectations
 What kind of language used in the have?
work?  How does the marital status of a
 What tone or atmosphere can you character affect her decisions or
draw from the work? happiness?
Remember: Formalism is more concerned with the form the literary text takes, while feminism is more
concerned with the cultural context of the literary text.
Here are examples of paragraphs from a literary review written by Jay M. Maravilla which shows both
formalism and feminist approach.
The myth has this recurring theme of a battle between chastity (Daphne) and sexual desires (Apollo) which is
also reflected in the text of the story Lirio, with Lirio (chastity) and (sexual desires) Itik Lugay. With this, Lirio,
the story has elevated itself into a status of classic through the use of classical themes that appeals very well to
the masses. Its pathos is very successful because people can easily relate to this type of storyline. The tragic
heroine’s hamartia, being not able to speak amidst all conflicts, adds more to the dramatic irony being evoked
by the story. In its sublime entirety, the allusions created this depth in exploring the human nature, while
honoring the ancient texts. The story also explores the wonderful world of MAGIC REALISM.
Remember: The 1st paragraph is an example of formalism while the 2nd paragraph is an example of feminist
approach. The underlined clauses and sentences show the focus of each approach.

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EAPP

Who? What? Where? When? Why? How?

(Subject) (action) (location) (time) (reason) (procedure)

Name It Verb It Big Picture

State: the name of the article, book, or story

C. Somebody Wanted But So Then

Somebody: Who is the story about?

Somebody What is text about? Bats

What are the critical approaches to use when writing a critique?

Questions  How is the work organized in terms

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