Syllabus for the Entrance Examination for Admission to Ph.D.

2023
2022

1. Research Methodology (common to all discipline)

1. Introduction to Research:
Basics of Research and Methodds, importance of scientific research, classificattions of research,
essential qualities of a researcher, Types of research – Quantitative vs. Qualitaative, Descriptive
vs. Analytical, Use of tools/techhniques for research

2. Experimental Research and Data Collection methods:

Data classification, Data Proccessing, Hypothesis-formulation, sampling tecchniques, Survey
methods, Methods for standarrd classification of crops in India, Aspects of Experimental
Research including purpose of the report, abstracts, introduction and resultss and discussion.
Structure and components of sccientific reports, types of report, developing successful research
proposals.

3. Research Design:
Problem Identification & Formmulation – Questions for investigation – Dataa, Measurements,
Hypothesis – Qualities of a good Hypothesis –Null Hypothesis & Alternaative Hypothesis.
Hypothesis Testing – Logic & Importance.

4. Research ethics, IPR and schoolarly publishing:

Environmental impacts, Ethical issues, ethical committees, Commercializatioon – Copy right,
royalty - Intellectual property rights and patent law, Reproduction of published material,
Plagiarism - Citation and ackno wledgement, Reproducibility and accountabilityy. Use of
Internet in Research – E Journal, E Libr ary, INFLIBNET.
 2. Aero Engineering

1. Aerodynamics: Subsonic, Transonic, Supersonic, Hypersonic, Rarefied Gas flows

(Theoretical and Experimental), Boundary Layers and Stability of Flows, Turbulent
Flows, Shock Tubes and Related Problems, Development of Algorithms and Code for
Numerical Methods in Gas Dynamics and Computational Fluid Dynamics, Vortex
Dynamics, Supersonic Mixing and Combustion, Optical Flow Diagnostics.

2. Aircraft Structures: Finite Element Methods, Numerical Methods, Photo Elasticity,

Moire and Holographic Methods of Structural Analysis. Composite Structures, Fatigue
and Fracture Mechanics, Contact Mechanics, Vibrations and Impact Mechanics.

3. Aerospace Propulsion: Rocket Propulsion and Solid Propellant Combustion, Air

breathing Propulsion and Combustion, Cascade Flows, Multiphase Flow Simulation,
Combustion Instability, Optical Flow/Combustion Diagnostics.

4. Dynamics and Control: Nonlinear Dynamics in Aerospace Applications, Computational

Methods in Nonlinear Dynamics, Nonlinear Control Theory and Applications, Flight
Simulations and Controller Development, Design Development of Autonomous Flying
Vehicles. Laplace transform, response of LTI, transfer functions, feedback systems, open
loop and closed loop gains, types of systems, poles and zeros, state space form, stability,
controllability, observability. Free body diagram, point mass model, Airplane
performance, rigid body dynamics, trim and stability, static margin, longitudinal and
lateral-directional dynamics, longitudinal and lateral modes.

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 3. Botany

1. Biodiversity and Taxonomy: Identification, Nomenclature and classification. Taxonomic

literature, Evolutionary trends and variations, ICN, phylogenetic classifications, species
concepts, speciation, Biosystematics, Paleobotany. DNA finger printing, numerical taxonomy,
Biodiversity, Magnitude and distribution of biodiversity, economic value, conservation
strategies

2. Biochemistry: Structures and Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic

acid, Enzymes, Enzyme kinetics

3. Cell and Molecular Biology: Organization of plant cell and chloroplast, mitochondria, Golgi
complex, Nucleus, Ribosome’s, ER,Cell wall, Cell membrane, vacuoles, cytoskeleton,
Totipotency differentiation and cell death, cell cycle, apoptosis, , signal transduction in cells.
Chromosome organization, DNA replication and repair, Chromatin organization, protein
synthesis, transcriptional and translational regulation, Protein targeting.

4. Inheritance Biology: Mendelian genetics, concept of gene, Linkage and recombination, genetic
mapping, extra chromosomal inheritance, chromosome banding, FISH and GISH, crossing over,
recombination, 3 point test cross, tetrad analysis in Yeast and Neurospora.

5. Plant Breeding: Selection – Mass and Pure line selection, hybridization – Backcross and Test
cross, Heterosis breeding, Mutation breeding, role of polyploidy in plant breeding, genetically
engineered plants.

6. Plant Physiology: Water relations and membrane transport, photosynthesis and respiration,
nitrogen metabolism, hormones, Stress physiology and tolerance mechanisms, strategies used
for development of stress resistant / tolerant plants.

7. Development: Vegetative and reproductive development in plants, organization of

plant structures, Regulation of plant development by intrinsic and extrinsic factors.

8. Ecology: Ecosystem- structure, types and functions, Ecological succession, habitat, biomes,
Biomes, population ecology, plant interactions, phytogeography, endemism, RET species,
IUCN categories, Ecological modelling Niche, evolution and co-evolution, Pollution ecology,
Pollution indicator organisms, restoration ecology with reference to plants and microbes,
Environmental Impact Assessment, Ecotoxicology, sewage treatment, carbon sequestration.
National and International conventions and laws for protection and conservation of biological
resources.
9. Plant Biotechnology: Plant tissue culture techniques, Micro-propagation, cell, tissue andorgan
culture, Elicitation and secondary metabolites production. Genetic Engineering, Gene libraries,
DNA sequencing.

10. Bioprospecting: Ethno botany, types of Bioprospecting, Phytochemicals used in aroma, flavour
and medicines, plant resources and natural products, Exploration of lower and higher plant for
standardization of herbal medicines as per US-FDA.

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11. Tools and Techniques: Microscopy, Microtomy, Chromatography, Electrophoresis,
Centrifugation, Radioactive techniques, Spectroscopy, SEM and TEM.

12. Biostatistics and Bioinformatics: Experimental Design – Completely Randomized Block and
Factorial Experimental Design. Analysis of variance, Populations and samples, Graphical
representation of data, frequency distribution, central tendency and dispersion, Introduction to
databases and retrieving information from databases, Molecular tools in protein and nucleotide
sequence analysis.

4. Chemistry
1: Inorganic Chemistry
a) Chemical periodicity
b) Structure and bonding in homo- and heteronuclear molecules (VSEPR)
c) Concepts of acids and bases,
d) Main group elements and their compounds.
e) Transition elements and coordination compounds.
f) Organometallic compounds: synthesis, bonding and structure, and reactivity. applications.
g) Analytical chemistry- Chromatography, Spectroscopic, Electro-analytical techniques
h) Bioinorganic chemistry
i) Nuclear chemistry

2: Physical Chemistry:
a) Atomic Structure
b) Basic principles of quantum mechanics: Postulates; operators
c) Chemical bonding in diatomics;
d) Chemical applications of group theory
e) Molecular spectroscopy: IR and Raman and its application.
f) Chemical thermodynamics
g) Physical Photochemistry
h) Electrochemistry
i) Chemical kinetics
j) Colloids and surfaces.
k) Solid state: Crystal structures; Bragg’s law and applications; band structure of solids.

3: Organic Chemistry
a) IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules.
b) Stereochemistry: Nomenclature
c) Aromaticity: Aromatic, Non-aromatic, Antiaromatic.
d) Organic reactive intermediates.
e) Organic reaction mechanisms: addition, elimination and substitution reactions
with electrophilic, nucleophilic or radical species.
f) Common named reactions and rearrangements.
g) Organic transformations and reagents: oxidizing and reducing agents.
h) Pericyclic reactions – electrocyclisation, cycloaddition, sigmatropic rearrangements.

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i) Chemistry of Biomacromolecules: Carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, nucleic acids,
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j) Organic Spectroscopy: IR, UV-Vis, H & C NMR and Mass spectroscopic techniques.
4: Interdisciplinary topics
a) Chemistry in nanoscience
b) Green chemistry and Environmental chemistry
c) Medicinal chemistry.

5. PHYSICS

1. Mathematical Physics and Numerical Analysis: Curve fitting, data analysis, Probability
theory. Vector algebra and vector calculus. Linear algebra, Matrices. Linear differential
equations. Fourier series, Fourier transforms Elementary complex analysis.

2. Classical Mechanics: Newton's laws, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms. Symmetries

and conservation laws, Motion in the central field of force. Collision and scattering, Mechanics
of system of particles. Rigid body dynamics. Non-inertial frames and pseudo forces. Small
oscillations and normal modes. Wave equation, phase velocity, group velocity, dispersion.

3. Electromagnetics: Laplace and Poisson equations, Ampere’s theorem, Biot-Savart Law,

electromagnetic induction. Maxwell’s equation Scalar and vector potentials. Reflection and
refraction, dispersion, Rectangular wave guides.

4. Quantum Mechanics: Wave-particle duality. Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle.

Schrodinger equation. Particle moving in a one-dimensional potential. Orbital angular
momentum. Motion in a central potential symmetry conservation laws and degeneracy.
Operator formalism of quantum mechanics. Angular momenta algebra, spin. Addition of
angular momenta.

5. Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics: Chemical potential, phase equilibria. Phase

space, Microstates and macrostates. Ensembles. Partition function, Free energy and connection
with thermodynamic quantities. Classical and quantum statistics. Degenerate electron gas,
Blackbody radiation and Planck’s distribution law.

7. Electronics:
Semiconductor devices (diodes, junctions, transistors, field effect devices, homo- and hetero-
junction devices), device structure, device characteristics, frequency dependence and
applications. Optoelectronic devices (solar cells, photo-detectors, LEDs).

8. Atomic and Molecular Physics:

Quantum states of an electron in an atom. Electron spin. Spectrum of hydrogen, helium and
alkali atom. Lasers: spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A & B coefficients. Optical
pumping, population inversion, rate equation. Modes of resonators and coherence length.

9. Condensed Matter Physics:

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Bravais lattices. Reciprocal lattice. Bonding of solids. Phonons, lattice specific heat. Drude
model of electrical and thermal conductivity. Hall Effect. Electron motion in a periodic
potential, band theory of solids: metals, insulators and semiconductors.

10. Nuclear and Particle Physics:

Nuclear size, shape and charge distribution, spin and parity. Binding energy, Semiempirical
mass formula, liquid drop model. Shell model. Elementary ideas of alpha, beta and gamma
decays and their selection rules. Fission and fusion. Nuclear reactions, reaction mechanism.

6. MATHEMATICS

1: Real Analysis: Sequences and series of functions, uniform convergence, power series,
functions of several variables, maxima, minima; Riemann integration, multiple integrals,
theorems of Green, Stokes and Gauss; metric spaces.

2: Functional Analysis: Banach spaces, Hahn-Banach extension theorem, open mapping

and closed graph theorems.

3: Complex Analysis: Contour integral, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula,

Liouville’s theorem, Maximum modulus principle, Schwarz lemma, Open mapping
theorem,Calculus of residues. Conformal mappings, Mobius transformations.

4: Algebra: Groups, subgroups, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphisms,

cyclic groups, permutation groups, Sylow theorems.

5: Linear Algebra: Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Matrix

representation of linear transformations. Inner product spaces, orthonormal basis. Reduction and
classification of quadratic forms.

6: Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs): Existence and uniqueness of solutions of initial

value problems for first order ordinary differential equations, singular solutions of first order
ODEs, system of first order ODEs. ODEs of higher orders.

7: Partial Differential Equations: Lagrange and Charpit methods for solving first order PDEs,
Cauchy problem for first order PDEs. Classification of second order PDEs, General solution of
higher order PDEs with constant coefficients.

8: Numerical Analysis : Finite differences, Lagrange, Hermite and spline interpolation,

Numerical differentiation and integration, Numerical solutions of ODEs using modified Euler
and Runge-Kutta methods.

9: Calculus of Variations: Variation of a functional, Euler-Lagrange equation, Necessary and

sufficient conditions for extrema. Variational methods for boundary value problems in
ordinaryand partial differential equations.

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10: Linear Integral Equations:Fredholm and Volterra integral equation, Solutions
withseparable kernels. Characteristic numbers andEigenfunctions, resolvent kernel.

11: Differential Geometry: Space curves-their curvature and torsion; Serret-Frenet Formula;
Fundamental theorem of space curves; Curves on surfaces; First and second fundamental
form;Gaussian curvatures; Principal directions and principal curvatures.

12: Fluid Mechanics : Equation of continuity in fluid motion; Euler’s equations of

motion forperfect fluids; Two dimensional motion complex potential; vorticity.

13: Linear programming: Infeasible and unbounded LPP’s, alternate optima; Dual problem
and duality theorems, dual simplex method and its application in post optimality analysis; u -v
method for solving transportation problems; Hungarian method for solving assignment
problems.

7. LAW

1: Constitutional Law of India Essential Features of Indian Constitution, Distribution of

Legislative Powers between Union and States, Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties ,
Directive Principles of State Policy, Judiciary, Emergency Provisions , Amendment to the
Constitution, Writ Jurisdiction, Parliament and State Legislatures, Amending Process of the
Constitution, Role of Election Commission in Democratic Process.

2: Jurisprudence and Legal Theory Nature and Sources of Law, Positivism, Natural Law
Theory, Sociological Jurisprudence, Theories of Punishment, Judicial Process—Application of
Doctrine of Precedent of India , Judicial Contribution in bringing Social Changes, Law and
Morality, Legal Concepts—Right, Duty, Ownership, Possession and Person.

3: International Law Nature of International Law and its relationship with Municipal Law,
Sources of International Law, Settlement of International Disputes, Global Trade Regime under
International Law.

4. Administrative Law: Nature, Scope and Importance of Administrative Law, Principles of

Natural Justice, Administrative Discretion and its control, Judicial Review of Administrative
Action, Lokpal and Lokayukta

5: Law of Contracts-General Principles Essentials of a valid contract, Offer, acceptance and

consideration, Capacity to Contract-Minor’s contract, Elements vitiating contract—mistake,
fraud, misrepresentation, public policy, coercion,undue influence, frustration of contract,
Remedies for breach of contract—Damages

6: Law of Crimes—General Principles General Principles of Criminal Law—meaning,

nature, essentials and stages of offence, General Exceptions, Criminal Attempt, Conspiracy

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and Abetment, Offences against Women, Offences against Human Body, Offences
against Property, Defamation

7: Family Law: Sources of Family Law in India, Concepts in Family Law, Marriage and
Dissolution of Marriage, Divorce, Maintenance, Matrimonial Remedies, Adoption and
Guardianship, Uniform Civil Code

8: Company Law Incorporation of companies, basic documents, Doctrines of Indoor

Management, constructive notice, Ultra Vires, Shares and Debentures, Directors, Meetings,
Oppression and Mismanagement, Winding up, Mergers and Amalgamation

9: Environmental Law: Environmental Pollution – Meaning of Environment and

Environmental Pollution; Kinds of Pollution, Legislative Measures for Prevention and Control
of Environmental Pollution in India – Air and Water Pollution and General Protection of
Environment, International Development for Protection of Environmental Pollution, Remedies
for Environmental Protection – Civil, Criminal and Constitutional, Impact of Forest and
Wildlife in protecting environment, Environmental Impact Assessment and Control of
Hazardous Wastes

10: Law of Torts: Nature and Definition of Torts, Foundation of Tortious Liability, General
Defences to an Action of Torts, Vicarious, Absolute and Strict Liability, Contributory
Negligence, Damages, Specific Torts – Negligence, Nuisance and Defamation, Consumer
Protection –Consumer Rights and Mechanism for Redressal of Consumer Grievances

11. Human Rights Concept and Development of Human Rights, Contribution of United
Nations in the Development and Implementation of Human Rights, Implementation of Human
Rights in India—Role of National Human Rights Commission, Protection of Marginalized
Groups—Women, Children, Minorities and Refugees.

8. MANAGEMENT STUDIES

1: Organisational behaviour
The concept and significance of organisational behaviour – Skills and Roles in an organisation
– Classical, Neo – Classical and Modern Theories of Organisational Structure – Organisational
Design – Understanding and Managing individual behaviour personality –Perception – Values –
Attitudes – Learning – Motivation.

2: Human Resource Management

Concepts and perspectives in HRM; HRM in changing environment, Human Resource Planning
– Objectives, Process and Techniques, Job analysis – Job Description, Selecting Human
Resources. Induction, Training and Development. Exit policy and Implications. Performance
Appraisal and Evaluation, Potential Assessment,

3: Financial Management

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 Nature and Scope, Valuation Concepts and Valuation of Securities, Capital
Budgeting Decisions – Risk Analysis, Capital Structure and Cost of Capital,
Dividend Policy – Determinants, Long – Term and Short – Term Financing
Instruments, Mergers and Acquisitions.

4: Marketing Management
Marketing Environment and Environment Scanning; Marketing Information Systems and
Marketing Research; Understanding Consumer and Industrial Markets; Demand Measurement
and Forecasting; Market Segmentation – Targeting and Positioning; Product Decisions, Product
mix, Product Life Cycle; New Product Development; Branding and Packaging; Pricing
Methods and Strategies. Promotion Decisions – Promotion mix; Advertising; Personal Selling;
Channel Management.Customer Relation Management; Uses of Internet as a Marketing
Medium – Other related issues like branding, market development, Advertising and retailing on
the net. New issues in Marketing.

5: Quantitative methods & Techniques

Overview of Statistics, Classifying Data to convey meaning, Measures of Central Tendency –
Mean, Median & Mode, Measures of Variation – Range, Average Deviation, Standard
Deviation, Probability Theory; Probability distributions – Binomial, Poisson, Normal and
Exponential; Correlation and Regression analysis; Sampling theory; Sampling distributions;
Tests of Hypothesis; Large and small samples; t z, F, Chi – square tests.

9. COMPUTER SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS

1. Discrete Structures: Sets, Relations, Functions, Pigeonhole Principle, Inclusion-Exclusion

Principle, Equivalence and Partial Orderings, Counting Techniques. Probability, Measure(s) for
information and Mutual information. Computability: Finite Automata, NFA, DPDA and PDAs
and Languages accepted by these structures, Grammars. Graph Theory: Tree and rooted tree.
Hamiltonian and Eulerian graphs, Planar graphs. Groups: Finite fields and Error
correcting/detecting codes.

2. Computer Arithmetic: Propositional (Boolean) Logic, Predicate Logic, Well-formed-formulae

(WFF), Satisfiability and Tautology. Logic Families : TTL, ECL and C-MOS gates. Boolean
Algebra, Flip-flops-types, race condition and comparison, Design of combinational and
sequential circuits. Representation of Integers

3. Programming in C and C++ : Programming in C: Data types in C. Control structures in C.

Sequence, selection and iteration(s), Structured data types in C arrays, struct, union, string and
pointers. O-O Programming Concepts: Class, object, instantiation, Inheritance,
polymorphism and overloading. Constructors and destructors, Overloading, Inheritance,
Templates, Exception handling.

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4. Relational Database Design and SQL: E R diagrams and their transformation to relational
design, normalization and its forms. SQL : Data Definition language (DDL), Data Manipulation
Language (DML), Data Control language (DCL) commands. Database objects like-Views,
indexes, sequences, synonyms, data dictionary.

5. Data and File structures Data, Information, Definition of data structure, Arrays, stacks,
queues, linked lists, trees, graphs, priority queues and heaps. File Structures : Fields, records
and files, Sequential, direct, index-sequential and relative files, Hashing, inverted lists and
multi-lists B trees and B+ trees.

6. Computer Networks Network fundamentals: LAN, WAN, MAN. The OSI model, TCP/IP
model, Data Communication, Internetworking, Routing, Network Security, Cryptography,
Electronic Mail and Worldwide Web (WWW), E-mail architecture and Serves.

7. System Software and Compilers: Assembly language fundamentals (8085 based assembly
language programming). Loading, linking, relocation, Compilation and Interpretation, Phases of
compilation process, Lexical analysis, Context free grammars, Intermediate code generation,
Code generation, Code optimization.

8. Operating Systems (with Case Study of Unix): Main functions of operating systems, Types
of Operating Systems, Memory Management, Concurrent Processing, Scheduling.
The Unix System : Introduction. Working on various commands, Shell Scripting.

9. Software Engineering: System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), Software Metrics,

Software Design Coding and testing.

10. Current Trends and Technologies:

a) Parallel Computing, b) Mobile Computing
c) E-Technologies: Electronic Commerce, Digital Libraries and Data Warehousing,
Software Agents, Broadband Telecommunications, Main concepts in Geographical Information
System (GIS), E-cash, E-Business, ERP packages. Data Mining
d) Windows Programming, e) Advanced Windows Programming

10. CIVIL ENGINEERING

1. Structural Engineering :
Engineering Mechanics: System of forces, free-body diagrams, equilibrium equations; Internal
forces in structures; Friction and its applications; Kinematics of point mass and rigid body; Centre
of mass; Euler’s equations of motion; Impulse-momentum; Energy methods; Principles of virtual
work. Solid Mechanics: Bending moment and shear force in statically determinate beams;
Simple stress and strain relationships; Theories of failures; Simple bending theory, flexural and
shear stresses, shear centre; Uniform torsion, buckling of column, combined and direct bending
stresses. Structural Analysis: Statically determinate and indeterminate structures by force/
energy methods; Method of superposition; Analysis of trusses, arches, beams, cables and frames;
Displacement methods: Slope deflection and moment distribution methods;

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 Influence lines; Stiffness and flexibility methods of structural analysis. Concrete Structures:
Working stress, Limit state and Ultimate load design concepts; Design of beams, slabs,
columns; Bond and development length; Prestressed concrete; Analysis of beam sections at
transfer and service loads. Steel Structures: Working stress and Limit state design concepts;
Design of tension and compression members, beams and beam- columns, column bases;
Connections - simple and eccentric, beam-column connections, plate girders and trusses; Plastic
analysis of beams and frames.

2. Geotechnical Engineering
Soil Mechanics: Origin of soils, soil structure and fabric; Three-phase system and phase
relationships, index properties; Soil classification system; Permeability – one and two
dimensional flow; flow nets; Principle of effective stress, capillarity, seepage force and
quicksand condition; Compaction in laboratory and field conditions; One dimensional
consolidation, time rate of consolidation; Shear strength; Mohr’s circle, effective and total shear
strength parameters, Dynamic properties of soil and there measurement . Foundation
Engineering: Sub-surface investigations; Earth pressure theories - Rankine and Coulomb;
Stability of slopes - finite and infinite slopes; Stress distribution in soils - Boussinesq’s and
Westergaard’s theories, pressure bulbs; Shallow foundations - Terzaghi’s and Meyerhoff’s
bearing capacity theories, effect of water table; Combined footing and raft foundation; Contact
pressure; Settlement analysis in sands and clays; Deep foundations - types of piles, dynamic and
static formulae, load capacity of piles in sands and clays, pile load test, negative skin friction.

3. Environmental Engineering:
Water and Waste Water: Quality standards, basic unit processes and operations for water
treatment. Drinking water standards, water requirements, basic unit operations and unit
processes for surface water treatment, distribution of water. Sewage and sewerage treatment,
quantity and characteristics of wastewater. Primary, secondary and tertiary treatment of
wastewater, effluent discharge standards. Domestic wastewater treatment, quantity of
characteristics of domestic wastewater, primary and secondary treatment. Unit operations and
unit processes of domestic wastewater, sludge disposal. Air Pollution: Types of pollutants,
their sources and impacts, air pollution meteorology, air pollution control, air quality standards
and limits. Municipal Solid Wastes: Characteristics, generation, collection and
transportation of solid wastes, engineered systems for solid waste management (reuse/ recycle,
energy recovery, treatment and disposal). Noise Pollution: Impacts of noise, permissible
limits of noise pollution, measurement of noise and control of noise pollution.

4. Transportation Engineering:
Transportation Infrastructure: Highway alignment and engineering surveys; Geometric
design of highways – cross-sectional elements, sight distances, horizontal and vertical
alignments; Geometric design of railway track; Airport runway length, taxiway and exit taxiway
design. Highway Pavements: Highway materials – desirable properties and quality control
tests; Design of bituminous paving mixes; Design factors for flexible and rigid pavements;
Design of flexible pavement using IRC: 37-2012; Design of rigid pavements using IRC: 58-
2011; Distresses in concrete pavements. Traffic Engineering: Traffic studies on flow, speed,
travel time – delay and O-D study, PCU, peak hour factor, parking study, accident study and
analysis, statistical analysis of traffic data; Microscopic and macroscopic parameters of traffic

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flow, fundamental relationships; Control devices, signal design by Webster’s method; Types of
intersections and channelization; Highway capacity and level of service of rural highways and
urban roads.

11. COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

1: Discrete Mathematics: Propositional and first order logic.Sets, relations, functions,

partial orders and lattices.Groups.Graphs: connectivity, matching, coloring. Combinatorics:
counting, recurrence relations, generating functions. Probability: Random variables. Uniform,
normal, exponential, poisson and binomial distributions.Mean, median, mode and standard
deviation. Conditional probability and Bayes theorem.

2: Computer Organization and Architecture

Machine instructions and addressing modes.ALU, data‐path and control unit.Instruction pipelining. Memory hierarchy: cache, main memory and secondary s torage; I/O interface (interrupt and DMA mode).

3: Algorithms
Searching, sorting, hashing. Asymptotic worst case time and space complexity. Algorithm design techniques: greedy, dynamic programming and divide‐and‐conquer , Backtracking, Branch & Bound , Optimization Technique. Graph search, minimum
spanning trees, shortest paths.

4: Software Engineering
Role of Software, Changing Nature of Software, Legacy Software, Software Myths. A Generic
View of Process: Software Engineering -A Layered Technology, A Process Framework, The
CMMI, Process Patterns, Process Assessment, Personal and Team Process Models, Process
Technology, Product and Process.Test Strategies for Object Oriented Software,Art of
Debugging.

5: Theory of Computation
Regular expressions and finite automata. Context free grammars and push down automata.
Regular and contex free languages, pumping lemma. Turing machines and undecidability.

6: Operating System
Processes,threads, interprocess communication, concurrency and
synchronization.Deadlock.CPU scheduling.Memory management and virtual memory. File
systems.

7: Databases Management System

ER model. Relational model: relational algebra, tuple calculus, SQL. Integrity constraints,
normal forms.File organization, indexing (e.g., B and B+ trees). Transactions and concurrency
control.

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8: Computer Network
Reference models, Physical Layer, Multiple access protocols, Ethernet, Routing algorithms,
Congestion control algorithms, Quality of service, Internet working, Network layer in the
Internet, Transport service, Elements of transport protocols, Internet transport protocols: TCP &
UDP, Domain NameSystemSexction 10: Web Technology.

9: WEB Technologies
World Wide Web, markup language like HTML, XHTML and XML, dynamic content
generated languages like ASP, JSP and SERVLETS

12. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

1: Engineering Mathematics: Linear Algebra, Calculus, Differential equations. Probability.

2: Electric Circuits: Network graph, KCL, KVL, node and mesh analysis;AC and
DC Theorems

3: Signals and Systems: Representation of continuous and discrete-time signals; shifting and
scaling operations; linear, time-invariant systems; Fourier series representation of continuous
periodic signals; sampling theorem; Fourier, Laplace and Z transforms.

4: Electrical Machines:Transformer, DC machines, single phase induction

motors; synchronous machines; servo and stepper motors.

5: Power System Engineering: Generation, transmission and distribution of electrical power;

symmetrical component, circuit breakers; system stability concepts; HVDC transmission and
Power System Protection, HVDC Systems, Power Quality, Operation and Control of Power
System.

6: Control Systems:Principles of feedback; transfer function; block diagrams; steady-state

errors; Routh and Niquist techniques; Bode plots; root loci; state space model; state transition
matrix, controllability and observability. Advanced Control Systems, Optimal Control System,
Digital Control Techniques and Optimization Techniques.

7: Electrical and Electronic Measurements:Bridges and potentiometers; PMMC, moving

iron, dynamometer and induction type instruments; measurement of voltage, current, power,
energy and power factor; instrument transformers; digital voltmeters and multimeters; phase,
time and frequency measurement; Q-meters; oscilloscopes; potentiometric recorders; error
analysis.

8: Analog and Digital Electronics: Overview of power semiconductor devices: diodes, BJT,
FET; amplifiers - biasing, equivalent circuit and frequency response; oscillators and feedback
amplifiers; operational amplifiers; VCOs and timers; multiplexer; Schmitt trigger; multi-
vibrators; sample and hold circuits; A/D and D/A converters;

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9: Power Electronics and Drives: Semiconductor power diodes, transistors, thyristors, triacs,
GTOs, MOSFETs and IGBTs Multi-Quadrant Chopper, Buck-Boost Converters, PWM
Inverters,Multilevel Inverters, VSI/CSI Fed Induction Motor Drive.

10: Power System Deregulation and Automation: Fundamentals of Restructured System,

Models of Restructuring, Transmission Pricing & Open Access Issues, Power system
automation, SCADA based automation.

11: Digital Circuits &Microprocessor:Number systems; Boolean algebra, minimization of

functions using Boolean identities and Karnaugh map, logic gates and their static CMOS
implementations, arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders and PLAs;
Sequential circuits: latches , ADCs and DACs; Semiconductor memories: ROM, SRAM,
DRAM; 8-bit microprocessor (8085): architecture, programming, memory and I/O interfacing.

13. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

1: Materials Science& Metallurgy:

Classification of engineering materials, crystallography, solid solutions, eutectic, eutectoid,
peritectic and peritectoid transformations, iron carbon diagrams, TTT diagrams, alloys and
composite materials.

2: Manufacturing Processes and Machine Tools:

Manufacturing Processes: Casting, forging, sheet metal working, rolling, extrusion, metal
joining processes (welding, soldering,and brazing).
Machine Tools: Lathe machine, drilling machine and grinding machine (basic elements,
working and types of operations).Non-conventional machining methods, Introduction to NC,
CNC, and DNC.

3: Introduction to Thermodynamics:
System, process, properties, specific properties, concept of mechanical work & heat, heat
engine, heat pump and refrigerator, efficiency and COP terms, Laws of Thermodynamics
(Zeroth, First and Second laws) , various power cycles, refrigeration and air-conditioning.

4: Energy Producing Devices/Thermal Engineering Devices:

Boilers, working principle of two stroke and four stroke ICengines (diesel and petrol).
Power absorbing devices: pumps (reciprocating and centrifugal, rotary pumps), compressors
(reciprocating and centrifugal compressors), fans, blowers.

5: Design of Machine Elements:

Design Fundamentals: Design concept, need, design considerations, design of machine
elements.
Mechanisms: Kinematic link, kinematic pair, kinematic chain, mechanisms (four barand slider
crank).Machine Elements: Shaft, axle, keys, coupling (rigid & flexible), drives (belt, chain &
gear), brakes.

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6: Fluid Mechanics and Machinery:
Fluid statics, dynamics and kinematics, dimensional analysis and model testing, water turbines,
pumps, and hydraulic couplings, computational fluid dynamics.

7: Industrial Engineering:
Productivity, method study and work measurements, types of production systems, plant layouts,
aggregate planning, master production scheduling, materials requirement planning, facility
layouts, sequencing and scheduling, CPM and PERT, inventory management and quality
control.

14. PHARMACY

1. Pharmaceutical Analysis
Principles and applications of the following: Absorption spectroscopy (UV, visible and IR),
Principles of NMR, ESR, Mass spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, different
chromatographic techniques and methods, Thermal Techniques and Microscopy Techniques.
Development, validation and optimization of analytical methods based on UV, HPLC and
HPTLC. Statistical experimental designs for development and optimization of formulations.
Assay of drugs and metabolites in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids. bioanalytical methods
validation using ICH Guidelines.

2. Pharmacognosy
Biological sources of the selected medicinal plant (s), Ethobotanical review/animal Sources of
the drug. Review of its traditional use in various diseases. Epidemiology of disease in which it
is being used in present studies. Isolation, purification characterization of specific chemical
constituents. Review of recent trends of specific chemical constituents related to disease in
concern. WHO guidelines, Standardization of raw material and finished products including
herbal products. Extraction methods for Herbal Drugs

3. Pharmacology
Detailed study of guidelines a) CPCSEA b) OECD c) ICH d) GLP e) ICMR f) Guidelines
according to official compendia ,Organization of screening: Pharmacological activity of new
substances and safety assessment tests. Toxicity studies: acute, sub-acute (Repeated dose), sub
chronic and chronic toxicity.

15. MICROBIOLOGY

1. Microbial Diversity, Physiology and Metabolism: Archaea, Bacteria, Fungal

Systematic and diversity, fungal endophytes, mycorrhizal fungi, agriculturally important
toxigenic fungi, secondary metabolites from fungi, genomics and diversity of yeast, algal
diversity. Growth and cell division, solute transport, central metabolic pathways and
regulation, metabolism of nitrogen, lipids, hydrocarbons and nucleotides, physiological
adaptations and intracellular signaling.

15
2. Enzymology and Instrumentation: Enzyme assay, enzyme kinetics. Cell disintegration
and extraction techniques, separation of proteins by fractionation Ion exchange
chromatography, molecular sieve chromatography, affinity chromatography, paper
chromatography, thin layer chromatography, ultra filtration, Ultracentrifugation.
Electrophoresis and types, Microscopy, HPLC, HPTLC, GC-MS, FTIR, SEM/TEM, NMR,
AAS.
3. Virology: Animal Viruses-Classification, properties, cultivation. Viral replication
strategies, replication pattern of specific viruses, subviral pathogens, anti-viral strategies –
prevention and control of viral diseases. Plant and Microbial Viruses- History and development
of plant virology, cryptograms and classification of plant viruses and viroids. Propogation,
purification, characterization, isolation and genomics of plant viruses. Symptoms, transmission
and control of plant viruses.
4. Immunology and Medical Microbiology: Immunoprophylaxis and Immunotherapy,
Immune cell receptors, Genetic organization, Regulation of Immune response, autoimmunity,
Immunological disorder and hypersensitivity, transplantation and tumor immunology,
immunoassays. Monoclonal antibody technology, Pathophysiology of Infectious diseases –
diseases of respiratory tract, digestive system, skin and soft tissues. Host-pathogen interaction,
recent developments in aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of AIDS. Emerging and
remerging pathogens, epidemiology, chemotherapy and antimicrobial resistance, newer
vaccines, rapid diagnosis of pathogens.
5. Cell and Molecular Biology: Cell structure, function and organization, genetic
material, DNA replication, Recombination and DNA repair, transcription and post
transcriptional process, translation, post-translational process, molecular basis of cell
physiology. Microbial genetics- gene transfer and mapping by conjugation, lytic and lysogenic
bacteriophages, gene transfer by transformation and transduction, transposons, gene regulation
6. Recombinant DNA technology: Basics of DNA cloning, methods of DNA and protein
analysis, PCR and types, construction of DNA and genomic DNA libraries, genome
sequencing, transcriptional analysis of gene expression and transcriptomics, overexpression of
recombinant proteins, analysis of protein DNA and protein – protein interaction, protein
engineering and protein analysis, pharmaceutical products of DNA technology, transgenics and
animal cloning
7. Industrial and Food Microbiology: Introduction to industrial microbiology,
downstream processing of microbial products, fermentation economics and production aspects,
microbiology of food, microbial spoilage of food, food preservation concepts and techniques,
fermentation processes, food borne diseases.
8. Ecology and Environmental Microbiology: History and development of
environmental microbiology, New Directions and Importance of Microbial Ecology,
Microbiology of the normal and extreme environment. Geomicrobiological processes, Lignin
degradation, Waste management treatment, bioremediation, microbes and mineral recovery.
9. Recent Trends in Biological Sciences: Gene Technology, Application of gene
technology, Gene Silencing, Gene knock out and gene therapy, Tissue culture Techniques-
Animal Culture, Stem cells, Plant tissue culture, Biosensors, Nanotechnology.

16
 16. LIFE SCIENCE

1. Biomolecules
Structure of atoms, molecules and chemical bonds Classification, Structure,
Properties, Functions of Carbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids, Characteristics &
Physico - Chemical properties of nucleic acids, Conformation of nucleic acids,
vitamins.
2. Plant Physiology
Photochemistry and Photosynthesis, Photosynthetic Pigments, Light harvesting
complexes, Photo Oxidation of Water, mechanism of electron & Proton transfer,
Carbon assimilation, Calvin cycle, Photorespiration and its significance, C4cycle
and CAM Pathway, Plant hormones, Phytochromes
3. Animal Physiology and Hormones
Digestion, Excretion, respiration, circulation, sensory physiology, muscle
contraction, `Thermoregulation, Endocrine & its regulation in man.
4. Biophysics & Biochemical Techniques
Principles and techniques of Chromatography, Electrophoresis, Spectroscopy
(Visible, UV, NMR, ESR, IR, Mass Spectroscopy), Centrifugation, Biological
Solutions, X-ray Diffraction, Radiation Biology (Radioisotopes detection &
measurement).
5. Advanced Cell Biology & Cell Biology Techniques
Origin of Life & evolution of cell, cell cycle& its regulation, ultra structure of
eukaryotic chromosome, cell-cell interaction, transport across membranes, cytoskeleton,
and microscopy. Mitotic and meiotic chromosome preparations, karyotyping, ideogram,
camera Lucida, flow cytometry, FISH, chromosome painting.
6. Genetics
Drosophila & mouse as model organisms, Mendelian principles, deviations from
Mendelism, extra nuclear inheritance, Molecular mechanism of Sex determination,
Transposable elements, mutations & genotoxicity screening in different organisms,
genetic repair mechanisms. Syndromes and genetic diseases of human.
7. Molecular Biology
Central dogma, DNA replication, Transcription, Translation, Post transcription &
translation modification, gene regulation, Oncogenes & proto-oncogenes. Cancer
therapy.

17. ENGLISH LANGUAGE

1. Literary Theory and Criticism
2. Fiction
3. Poetry
4. Drama
5. Indian writing in English
6. Trauma Literature
7. Indian Writing in Translation
8. Linguistics
9. New Literatures in English
10. Gender and Literature
 Fashion Design

MARKETING AND RETAILING:

● Introduction to marketing, marketing process and marketing in modern economy, trends
in marketing environment, Consumer market trend, overview of market research process
and research design, Concept of product, product positioning, Branding, factor affecting
price determination, distribution channels, nature and function of distribution channels
and physical distribution decision, 4Ps of promotion mix, retailing concept, social and
economic significance of retailing, opportunities in retailing, historical perspective of retail
in India, types of retailers, retail Strategy, building sustainable competitive advantage,
global growth strategies, retail planning process, retail value chain, ethics and social
responsibility

● Concept of Quality, managing quality through inspection and testing, tools of quality.
Inspection and its significance. Defects at different stages of manufacturing like yarn
defects, weaving & knitting defects, dyeing, printing and finishing defects, Quality
standards as applicable to various types of textiles. ISO 9000, Textile testing, ISO 9000
Series Standards, Introduction to AATCC, ASTM, ISO, BIS, INDIA, Introduction to
ecofriendly textiles and environmental impact of Textile Industries, Care labeling & its
Importance, terminology, symbols and usage, International care labeling, elementary
knowledge of wool & silk marks, laundry aids
ENTREPRENEURSHIP:
● Concepts, nature and traits, leadership, risk taking, decision making, business planning
Barriers, Economic and non-economic, Institutional support for new ventures, support
organizations like RFC,RIICO,DIC, Financial organizations like IFCI, IDBI, SIDBI and
other Banks, Role of government in Entrepreneurial development: government
incentives, subsidy and assistance, Promotion of a new venture: search for a business
idea, preparation of plan, analysis of entrepreneurial opportunities, assessing the impact
of opportunities and threats

Fashion Design
● Structural and applied design variation in fiber, yarn and fabric construction, embroidery,
dyeing, printing and finishes.
● Process of Designing: Developing textile motifs inspired by nature, Religion,
Mythology, Arts & Crafts, Architecture applying elements and principles of design, Motif
Development, Big and Small Motifs: Enlargement and Reduction, Growth of a motif,
Color harmonies, Combining Motifs from different sources, placements and repeats for
all over patterns, Sustainable fashion: Meaning & concept, importance and need of
sustainability in future market, approaches towards sustainability, global paradigm of
green fashion, developments in sustainable fashion, green fashion, key Issues in
preventing change, role of retailer in selling socially responsible fashion.
 ● Developing visual diaries and look book and focus on research and developing 2d/3d
explorations
● Origin of Fashion, Fashion terminology, Various fashion centers, elements of design,
basics principles of designs, sources of inspiration and design, forecasting trends,
theories of fashion, seasons, fashion cycle , strengths of Indian fashion Industry.
UNDERSTANDING TEXTILES:
● Chemistry of polymers, types & characteristics, Structure of textile fibers-molecular
bonding, length, orientation, and requirements of fiber forming substances, Microscopic
structure, manufacturing process, physical & chemical properties of natural fiber,
manmade fiber , Basic principles of yarn manufacturing, yarn types & properties, twist
and sewing threads, Weaving- terminology, parts of loom, basic weaves, Knitting- warp
& weft knits, knitting machines, Other fabric production methods - felting, bonding,
knotting, braiding and lacing
TEXTILE COLOURATION & FINISHING:
● Concept of color and its relation to light; classification and its types of dyes/coloring
matter, Eco-friendly natural dyes, role of mordents, Chemistry of dyes and composition,
method of application, fastness properties, Mechanism of dyeing, Dyeing auxiliaries,
Thickening agents, Dyeing machines, Styles & methods of printing.

● Pretreatment processes for Cellulosic, Protein, Manmade fibers like singeing, scouring,
bleaching, desizing, degumming, milling, heat setting etc, Finishing – chemistry, method
of application and evaluation of softening and stiffening finishes, Types of finishes :
Chemical, Mechanical finishes and functional finishes
Merchandising
● Fundamentals of merchandising, responsibilities, planning, controlling and control tools,
pricing strategies, pricing formula. Costing principles and strategies, Sourcing strategies,
types of sourcing, merchandiser’s roles, customer/vendor relationship, global sourcing
process, Visual Merchandising, its elements and functions.
Apparel Production Technology
● Taking body measurements for: men, women & children. Methods of pattern making,
Fabric preparation, Pattern layout, Marker planning, marker types, efficiency, spreading
and cutting tools, equipment, ticketing and bundling, Components of sewing, garment
accessories and post production processes, Types of production system
● CAD/CAM in different stages of apparel manufacturing process
 Commerce
1. Business Administration-

Principles of Management

Functions of management: Planning, Organizing, Staffing,
controlling, Communication, Leadership, Motivation

Corporate Governance

Corporate Social Responsibilities
2. Marketing –
  Marketing Task, Concept, Tools

  Marketing Environment


  Consumer Behaviour and Market Segmentation Product and Pricing Decisions


 
Direct and Online Marketing
3. Business Environment-
  Legal, Political and Economic Environment E-Commerce

  E-Governance


  Corporate Governance


  Social Responsibilities of Business



  Public and Private Partnership (PPP)



  Knowledge Management


4. Accountancy-
  Accounting Concepts

  Accounting Conventions


  Financial Statements


  Accounts of Non Trading Concerns



  Company Accounts – Issue of Shares



  Management Accounting – Ratio Analysis



  Income Tax – Concepts, Computation and Tax Planning by individuals



5. Cost and Works Accounting -

  Elements of Cost

  Classification of Cost


  Cost Unit


  Cost Centre


  Methods of Costing


  Techniques of Costing

 
Cost Audit
6. Goods & Service Tax (GST)


Basics of GST
CGST, SGST, IGST,
UTGST Threshold limit of
GST

Documentation under GST
7. Indian Companies Act-
  Formation and Incorporation of Companies

 
Memorandum of Association
  Articles of Association
  Prospectus


  Consumer Protection Act



  Negotiable instrument Act


 
Sale of Goods Act
8. Insurance and
Transport-Insurance

Introduction

Types of
Insurance
Principles


Actuarial
Role of
IRDA Transport-


Transport
Transport system in India

Documentation in Transit and Transport

Role of Transport in Indian Economic Growth
9. Business Economics-
  Nature and uses of Business Economics

  Concept of Profit and Wealth Maximisation Demand Analysis


  Elasticity of Demand


  Curve Analysis


  Law of Demand


  Cost Revenue


  Price


  Determination in Different Market Situation Pricing Strategy



10. Banking-
  Importance of Banking to Business

  Types of Banks and their functions

 
Role and functions of RBI
11.Co-operation and Rural Development
Co-operation
  Concept and Principles of Co-operation

  Co-operative Credit System

 
Co-operative Banks

  Rural Development
  Concepts and Approaches

 
Role of Govt. agencies in Rural Development