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    Ch. 6 Heisenberg: Is 1 Is

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    Ketan
    The document discusses how a valence bond solid (VBS) state, while not the ground state of the S=1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model, can be the ground state of a related bilinear-biquadratic Hamiltonian. Specifically, it constructs a projection operator P that projects out spin configurations not contained in the VBS state. The VBS state is then the unique ground state of a Hamiltonian that uses this projection operator P, showing that while not the ground state of the original Heisenberg model, the VBS state is still physically relevant as the ground state of a similar model.

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    Ch. 6 Heisenberg: Is 1 Is

    Uploaded by

    Ketan
    21 views1 page
    The document discusses how a valence bond solid (VBS) state, while not the ground state of the S=1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model, can be the ground state of a related bilinear-biquadratic Hamiltonian. Specifically, it constructs a projection operator P that projects out spin configurations not contained in the VBS state. The VBS state is then the unique ground state of a Hamiltonian that uses this projection operator P, showing that while not the ground state of the original Heisenberg model, the VBS state is still physically relevant as the ground state of a similar model.

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    General Document 306

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    The document discusses how a valence bond solid (VBS) state, while not the ground state of the S=1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model, can be the ground state of a related bilinear-biquadratic Hamiltonian. Specifically, it constructs a projection operator P that projects out spin configurations not contained in the VBS state. The VBS state is then the unique ground state of a Hamiltonian that uses this projection operator P, showing that while not the ground state of the original Heisenberg model, the VBS state is still physically relevant as the ground state of a similar model.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views1 page

    Ch. 6 Heisenberg: Is 1 Is

    Uploaded by

    Ketan
    The document discusses how a valence bond solid (VBS) state, while not the ground state of the S=1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model, can be the ground state of a related bilinear-biquadratic Hamiltonian. Specifically, it constructs a projection operator P that projects out spin configurations not contained in the VBS state. The VBS state is then the unique ground state of a Hamiltonian that uses this projection operator P, showing that while not the ground state of the original Heisenberg model, the VBS state is still physically relevant as the ground state of a similar model.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    320 Ch.

    6 Heisenberg Magnets

    that it has short-range correlations, and the spectrum is gapped.


    The only trouble is that it can be checked that IVBS) is not the
    ground state of the S = 1 AF Heisenberg model. What good is it then?
    Well, once one finds such a beautiful state, one is not willing to discard
    it, but instead one finds the problem for which it is the solution. We
    construct a Hamiltonian for which IVBS) is the ground state, following
    the same strategy by which we proved that the dimer states are the
    ground states of (6.140). In general, two S = 1 spins can be combined
    +
    into IS1 S2l = 2, 1, and 0. Let us, however, observe that in (VBS),
    the four S = 1/2 spins making up two neighbouring S = 1 spins cannot
    add up to 2, because two of them form a singlet, and thus the rest can
    make only a singlet or a triplet.
    Now consider the following expression of two S = 1 operators
    1
    P = s1-s2 + -(S1*
    3
    + -23 .
    s2)2 (6.146)

    It is easy to check that P projects onto the subspace IS1 Sal = 2. It +


    is generally true that the smallest eigenvalue of a projection operator is
    0. Consequently, the ground states of P are those which do not contain
    +
    a IS1 ,321 = 2 component. Generalizing for the lattice, IVBS) is a
    ground state of the VBS-point bilinear-biquadratic Hamiltonian

    (6.147)

    (we omitted the additive constant). It can be shown that the ground
    state is unique4', if we use periodic boundary condition. The effect of
    free chain ends will be discussed later.
    The lesson is that though IVBS) is not the ground state of the Hei-
    senberg model, it is the ground state of a related bilinear-biquadratic
    model. Both the Heisenberg model and RVBScan be regarded as special
    cases of the general bilinear-biquadratic model
    7-l = c
    j
    [ J S j .Sj+l + &(Sj * Sj+#] . (6.148)

    40Looking at the graphical representation (6.145),we might have thought that


    there are two degenerate ground states, because the starting bond [12] can be placed
    in either the lower, or the upper, row. However, it follows from the process of
    symmetrization that we do not distinguish the bonds emanating from a site [lo].

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