Sheet 2

Cairo University Applied Statistics
Faculty of Engineering 2023/2024 Sheet 2
1. Three events A, B, and C have the following properties:

P( A)  0.6, P( B)  0.2, P(C )  0.1
P( A  B)  0.12, P(C | A)  0.15, P( B  C )  0.0
i) Draw a Venn diagram to represent these events.
ii) Calculate P (A  B ) , P (A  C ) , P (B  C ) , and P (A  B  C ) .
iii) Verify the last answer in (ii) above if it is known that
P (A  B  C )  P (A )  P (B )  P (C )  P (A  B )  P (A  C )  P (B  C )  P (A  B  C )
iv) Calculate P (A  B ') , P (A ' C ) , and P (B ' C ') .
v) Calculate P (A | B ) , P (A | C ) , and P (B | C ) .
vi) Find a pair of mutually exclusive events and a pair of independent events.
2. Under the load F, the probabilities of failure of the members A, B B

and C of the shown truss are 0.07, 0.05, and 0.04, respectively. A
The failure of individual members can be assumed independent. C
Calculate the probability of failure of the truss.
F
3. The probability of rain in a certain city for any given day is 0.3. The probability
of a traffic jam is 0.15 if it did not rain and 0.45 if it rains.
a) What is the probability of a traffic jam in that city?
b) If a traffic jam does occur, what is the probability that it was due to rain?
4. Check whether each of the following functions can be defined as a probability

mass function. Explain your answers. Sketch the probability mass function and
distribution function for valid cases.
a) f (x) = 1/3 for x = 0, 1 , 2
b) f (x) = x/15 for x = 0, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5
c) f (x) = (5 – x2)/6 for x = 0, 1 , 2 , 3
5. Check whether each of the following function can be defined as a probability

density function. Explain your answer. Sketch the probability density function
and the distribution function for valid cases.
a) f (x) = x for 0 < x < 1
=0 elsewhere
b) f (x) = 0.5 (1 – x2) for 0 < x < 1
= 0 elsewhere
c) f (x) = (1.5 – x) for 0 < x < 2
= 0 elsewhere
6. The number of rainy days per year for a certain city has the following
distribution function
No. of days (D) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
F(D) 0.30 0.50 0.65 0.78 0.90 0.96 1.00
i) Find the expected value E(D), and standard deviation for this random
variable.
ii) Find the probability of having more than 2 rainy days per year given that it
has rained.
iii) Find the expected value of (3D+2).
7. A random variable has the following probability density function

f ( x )  2a x 2 0  x8
i) Find the coefficient a.
ii) Find P (x  5) , P (2  x  4) , P (X  2 | X  4)
iii) Find the expected value of (2x+5).
Additional Problems
1. A computer software supplier has developed a new record-keeping package for use
by hospitals. The company feels that the probability that the new package will show
a profit in its first year is 0.6, unless a competitor introduces a product of
comparable quality this year , in which case the probability of a first-year profit
drops to 0.3. The supplier suggest that there is a 50 - 50 chance that a comparable
product will be introduced this year.
a) Define the probability of the following events:
A : A competitor introduces a comparable product.
B : The record- keeping package is profitable in its first year.
b) What is the probability that both A and B will occur.
c) What is the probability that either A or B will occur.
2. The proprietor of a men's clothing store has recorded the buying behavior of
customers over a long period of time. He has established that the probability that a
customer will buy a shirt is about 0.4. A customer buys a tie 50% of the time when a
shirt is produced , but only 10% of the time when a shirt is not purchased. Fine the
probability that a customer buys the following:-
a) A shirt and a tie
b) A tie
c) A shirt or a tie
d) A tie but not a shirt
3. Suppose the aerospace company has submitted bids on two separate federal
government defense contracts A, and B. The company feels that it has a 60 %
chance of winning contract A , and a 30 % chance of winning contract B. Given that
it wins contact B, the company believes it has an 80% chance of winning contract A.
a) What is the probability that the company will win both contacts.
b) What is the probability that the company will win at least one of the two
contracts?
c) If the company wins contract B, what is the probability that it will not win
contract A.
4. Two six-sided dice are rolled, and the number of spots turning up on each is
observed. Find the probability of each of the following:-
a) Observing three spots on one die and five spots on the other.
b) Observing exactly one die that has two spots showing.
c) Observing that the sum of the spots showing is 7.
d) Observing that the sum of the spots showing is 8.
e) Observing that the sum of the spots showing is an even number.
f) Observing that the sum of the spots showing is 8.0 given that the sum is an
even number.
5. The following function represents probability density function :-
C X 3 0 X 2

1
f ( x)   5  X  2 X 5
6
0.0 Elsewhere
Where C is a constant.
a. Find the value of the constant C.
b. Calculate the probability P ( X > 1 X < 3).
c. Calculate the expected value of ( 2X + 3).
6. For the following probability density function, calculate:

f(x)
a) Determine the constant C. x
b) Calculate the P(x > 5). C
c) Calculate P(2< x <5).
d) Calculate P( x  3 x  6)
0 4 8 x

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Cairo University Applied Statistics

Faculty of Engineering 2023/2024 Sheet 2

1. Three events A, B, and C have the following properties:

2. Under the load F, the probabilities of failure of the members A, B B

4. Check whether each of the following functions can be defined as a probability

5. Check whether each of the following function can be defined as a probability

7. A random variable has the following probability density function

6. For the following probability density function, calculate:

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