Learning Competency 8: Identify the unique features and

requirements in composing texts that are useful across disciplines

EN11/12RWS-IVdg-12
a) Research Report EN11/12RWS-IVdg-12.3
b) Project Proposal EN11/12RWS-IVdg-12.4
c) Position Paper EN11/12RWS-IVdg-12.5

Reading and Writing Skills

Quarter 4 - Module 5.1
Purposeful Writing in the Disciplines and for Professions

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 Lesson Purposeful Writing in the Disciplines:
Writing a Research Report
8.3

What’s New

What is a Research Report?

A research report is an expanded paper that presents interpretations and

analyses of a phenomenon based on experiments and previous information so that the
readers can better understand it. It is a laborious work produced through formal
investigation and scientific inquiry.

Parts of a Research Report

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1. Title Page – contains an informative title that describes the content of the paper,
the name of author/s, addresses or affiliations, and date of submission.
Examples of an informative title are the following:
a. Effects of Facebook on the Academic Achievement of first Year Students
b. Development and Validation of a Software for Detecting Plagiarism

2. Abstract – contains the summary of the research findings and conclusions. It

briefly presents the context of the study, research questions or objectives,
methodology, major findings, conclusions, and sometimes implications. An
abstract does not contain any citation or a great deal of statistical results. Its
length ranges from 100 to 250 words.

3. Introduction – explains the current state of the field and identifies research
gaps. It is also the part where the research focus is presented by addressing the
identified gaps in the topic. It puts the research topic in context. It is usually three
to five paragraphs long.
4. Literature Review – contains the summary and synthesis of all available
sources directly related to the study. In a research report, the literature review is
divided into two sections: related concepts and related studies.

Related concepts present some of the fundamental concepts needed by the

readers to better understand the study. Concepts and theories are defined,
explained, and described. Unlike related concepts, related studies are based on
previously conducted studies directly related to the paper. Both the related
concepts and studies will help the writer explain the phenomena that may arise in
the study.

This section ends with a paragraph that synthesizes all of the studies
presented and puts the study in context. Hence, the last paragraph may include
the topic and specific research problems. The length may range from two to three
pages. Note that some cases, the literature review is integrated in the
introduction section.

5. Methodology – describes how the experiments or tests in the research were

conducted. It presents the context within which the study was conducted, the
participants, the instruments used, data gathering procedure, and the data
analysis. In discussing the context of the study and the participants, the number
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 and the demographic profiles of the participants are explained as well as the
place where the study was conducted.

The discussion of the instrument used presents the tools in gathering data.
These tools may be in the form of a questionnaire, interview, focus group
discussion, survey, and tests, among others. All of the instruments used should
be described in detail, along with the explanation of how they were validated. The
data gathering sections presents the details on how the data were collected while
the data analysis section presents how the data were analyzed, either
qualitatively (coding scheme) or quantitatively (statistical tools). The past tense is
used in writing the methodology.

6. Results – factually describes the data gathered and the tables and graphs that
summarize the collected data. Along with the tables and graphs are their
respective interpretations. The flow of the results section should follow the flow of
the research questions/problems/objectives. It is expected that for each research
problem or objective, corresponding results are presented.

7. Discussion – provides an explanation of all the results in relation to the previous

studies presented in the literature review.
In this section, the research problems or objectives, as well as the major
findings, are restated in the first paragraph. The succeeding paragraphs should
explain whether the study supports or rejects the previous findings and explain
the reasons for this. New findings uncovered in the research should also be
stated. Similar to the flow of the results, the discussion part follows the flow of the
research problems or objectives.

8. Conclusion – contains the restatement of the major findings, the limitations of

the study, the recommendations, and the implications. Note that in some cases,
the conclusion is integrated into the discussion.

9. References – contains the different sources used in the study. These may be
academic books, journals, and other online sources. Its format depends on the
school, teacher, or field of study.

Steps in Writing a Research Report

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 Writing a research report may seem like a daunting task, but if you break down
the process into small steps, you will be able to accomplish it effectively. The stages of
writing a research report also follow the basic writing process, with the few additions to
accommodate and address the different parts of the report.
1. Select and narrow down the topic. Use any of your preferred prewriting activities
to generate ideas.
2. Conduct a preliminary research by gathering the initial references.
3. Formulate the thesis statement and research questions. A good thesis statement
effectively guides and controls the flow of your paper.
4. Prepare a preliminary outline.
5. Gather additional references. Use the preliminary outline as a guide for this
stage.
6. Prepare the pre final outline.
7. Prepare your instruments, such as your questionnaire. Below are some
guidelines in preparing a survey instrument.

Preparing a Survey Instrument

A survey instrument is a document that lists planned questions used to
measure attitudes, perceptions, and opinions of the respondents. It contains
responses directly related to each specific research questions. It can either be in the
form of an interview guide or a questionnaire.
A survey instrument usually has four parts:
 Personal information section for participants/respondents (this is usually
optional since, except for disclosing the gender and age and other general
demographic information, most participants wish to remain anonymous)
 Basic questions that establish the eligibility of the participants/respondents
 Main questions that are directly linked to the research questions.
 Open-ended questions (optional)
When preparing a survey instrument, follow these steps:
a. Do a preliminary research. You may visit your library or use online
sources for this.
b. Talk to a person who is knowledgeable in preparing survey instruments.
c. Master the guidelines in preparing
5 a questionnaire or interview guide.
d. Clarify your research questions. Be sure that the items indicated in your
survey instruments are directly related to each specific research
8. Implement the instrument and gather the data.
9. Analyze the collected data and interpret it through tables and graphs.
10. Write the methodology and result sections.
11. Write the introduction and literature review.
12. Write the discussion. Be sure to link the literature review to the discussion section.
13. Write the conclusion.
14. Prepare the reference list. Be sure to list all the items citied in the body of your
paper. It is useful to keep a separate word document or physical notebook where you
can list your reference as you come across them to make sure you do not leave
anything out when you have to prepare the reference list
15. Edit and format your paper. Observe the proper mechanics.

Guidelines in Writing a Research Report

Now that you are aware of the steps in writing a research report, follow the writing
guidelines below to ensure that your report is well-written.
1. Fifty to seventy-five percent of the paper should be devoted to results and
discussion.
2. Be sure to cite all your sources whether they are paraphrased or directly quoted.
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 3. As with the previous types of written works, use direct quotations sparingly;
paraphrase as much as possible.
4. Strictly follow the required documentation style.
5. Topics should be relevant, interesting, current, and manageable in terms of
resources, skills needed, and time. They should not be too sensitive and too
controversial.
6. Research questions should directly address the given topic or thesis statement.

Example:
Title: Effect of Facebook on the Academic Performance of Senior High School
Students
Thesis statement: Facebook has an effect on the academic performance of
senior high school students

Research questions:
(1) Does exposure to Facebook affect students’ performance during
examination?
(2) Does exposure to Facebook affect students’ attention span during class
activities?
(3) Does exposure to Facebook affect students’ participation in curricular
activities?

What is it?

Activity 7: Write T if the statement is true and F if false.

_____1. The research report follows a format similar to that of an academic essay.
_____2. The abstract should be written prior to writing a conclusion.
_____3. An informative title is preferred when writing a research report.
_____4. The conclusion contains the details of the finding obtained from the study.
_____5. Gathering references can be done recursively.

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_____6. It is better to have as many direct quotations as possible.
_____7. Majority of the paper content should be devoted to literature review.
_____8. Survey instruments should be aligned to research questions.
_____9. Tables and graphs for the gathered data are presented under the
introduction section.
_____10. The discussion section presents the procedure undertaken to compete the
study.
_____11. The introduction contains the purpose of the study and the current state of
the field of the study.
_____12. The literature review contains the explanation of relevant concepts and
related studies.
_____13. The methodology contains the description of participants and instruments.
_____14. Title and thesis statement are written differently.
_____15. Two different documentation styles can be used in one research report.

What is it?
Activity 8: Write a research report based on the given data below.
Topic : Source: Critical Reading and Writing, Dayagbil, 2016 p. 145

Title : School Drop Outs: Fact or Fallacy

Methodology
Research Method : Descriptive method
Respondents : Grade 6 students who stopped schooling Agan
Elementary School, a public school in the
mountain Barangay of Zamboanga.
Procedure : Visited the homes of students who dropped out
Distributed survey instruments and conducted in-
depth interview
Results : Students dropped out from school due to the
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 following reasons: school is very far from home,
no money for school needs, too many
assignments, does not like the teacher

_____________________________________________
Title
_____________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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 Research Report Writing Rubric
Good 3 points Fair 2 points Poor1 point
The article is clearly The article is clearly The article summary
but succinctly summarized, but is unclear or overly
summarized - only some sub points are detailed, so long as
the key points of the addressed along to appear more like a
article are touched with main points. short, unclear article
Summary
upon. The article The summary is not than a summary.
summary takes up succinct, is too long
no more than one and cumbersome
third of the total
assignment.
Article selected is Article selected may Article is barely
current (<5 years), be current (<5 related to task or is
topic is specific to years) or somewhat grossly out dated (>
task. Article older, topic is related 10 years). Article not
Article Choice published in peer- to task, but less from acceptable
reviewed scholarly specific. Article source.
journal. published in peer-
reviewed scholarly
journal.
Summary is well Paper is organized, Paper is not well
organized, and has an intro, body organized, has an
clearly stated. The and conclusion. The unclear or non-
points of the article purpose of the paper existent intro, body
are clear from the becomes clear and conclusion. The
Organization
very beginning and within the paper and purpose of the paper
the name and author the name and author is unclear and the
of the article is made of the article is name and author of
clear early in the mentioned within the the article is not
paper. paper. stated or stated late.
Mechanics APA and page APA and page length
Requirements length (1) APA and page (2-3 pages)
requirements are length (1) requirements are not
met and there are requirements are met. There are 5+
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 no grammatical met and there are 1- grammatical errors
errors or typos. 4 grammatical errors or typos.
or typos.
Source: https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=E9896B&sp=yes&

What I Have Learned

In writing a research report, you must

1. choose a topic that is interesting and relevant to your audience;
2. use the accepted format;
3. accomplish the purpose of each part of the report;
4. acknowledge the sources of the information you used in your report; and
5. be consistent with the citation style that you use. You must also keep in
mind the properties of a well-written text to make your writing appear more
academic.

Purposeful Writing in the

Lesson
Disciplines: Writing a Project
8.4 Proposal

What’s New

WRITING A PROJECT PROPOSAL

A project proposal is a highly persuasive and informative documents that aims to
address a particular problem or issue. It is a bid or offer to initiate a project for an

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individual or a group. It usually ranges from 1,000 to 2,500 words depending on the
complexity of the project being proposed.
A good project proposal specifies the following:
 Goals and objectives that the project wants to accomplish;
 Project plan that details how the set goals and objectives will be accomplished;
 Financial, human (e.g., experts, consultants), and technical (e.g., equipment and
facilities) resources useful in implementing the project; and
 Budget that specifies how much money is needed and for what purpose it will be
spent.
Types of Project Proposal
There are four types of project proposals which vary depending on the context of the
problem and the receiver and sender of proposals.
1. Solicited internal
 It is used when the target reader is within the organization.
 It responds to a specific request within the organization.
 The problem has been identified within the organization and the decision to
solve it has been made.
2. Unsolicited internal
 It is used when the target reader is within the organization.
 It is a self-initiated proposal that no one asked for.
 The target reader has not yet identified that a problem exists within the
organization; hence, no decision has been made to solve the problem.
3. Solicited external
 It is used when the target reader is not within the organization.
 It responds to a specific request from someone who is not within the company.
 The problem has been identified and the decision to solve it has been made.
4. Unsolicited external
 It is used when the target reader is not within the organization.
 It is self-initiated proposals that no one ask for.
 The target reader has not yet identified that a problem exists; hence, no
decision has been made to solve the problem.
Parts of a Project Proposal
1. Cover letter
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  Introduces the proposals to the reader
 States the project proposal title, date the proposal was requested (if solicited),
general purpose and scope of the proposal, and acknowledgement of people
who have contributed to the completion of the proposals
 Includes the highlights of the proposal and directs the readers to this highlights
2. Title Page
 Includes the project title that is concise and informative
 Includes the lead organization, place and date of project, client’s or donor’s
name, proponent’s name and the department or organization he/she represents,
and date of submissions
3. Abstract of Executive Summary
 Includes the objectives, implementing organization, major project activities and
total project cost
 Usually composed of 200 to250 words and highlights only the major points; some
abstract may be longer depending on the culture of the funding agency
 Uses a paragraph format
4. Context of the Proposal
 Describes the socio-economic, cultural, and political background in which the
proposal is situated.
 Presents data collected from other sources that are relevant to the planning
stage

5. Project Justification
 Provides a rationale for the project
 Includes the problem statement that specifies the problem addressed by the
project
 Points out why the problem is an issue that requires immediate attention
 Specifies the target group’s needs that arise from the adverse effect of the
described problem
 Presents the approach or strategy that will be used to address the problem
 Describes the capability of the implementing organization or group by stating its
track record

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 Note: When writing this section, justify why your organization or group is the best
group to implement the project.
6. Personnel Involved
 List the people involved in the project, their corresponding roles, and their
summary of qualifications
7. Project implementation
 Is divided into an activity plan which specifies the schedule of activities and a
resource plan which specifies the items needed to implement the project
 Describes the activities and resource allocation in detail, as well as the person in
charge of executing the activities
 Indicates the time and place of activities
8. Budget
 Presents the expected income and expenses over a specified time period
 Itemizes the budget
9. Monitoring and Evaluation
 Specifies when and how the team will monitor the progress of the project
 Specifies the method for monitoring and evaluation
 Specifies the personnel in charge of monitoring and evaluation
10. Reporting Scheme
 Specifies the schedule for reporting the finances and progress of the project

11. Conclusion
 Briefly describes the project, the problem it addresses, and its benefits to all
stakeholders through a summary
 Directs the readers back to the good features of the project
 Urges the readers to contact the proponent to work out the details of the project
proposals
12. References
 Lists all the references used in drafting the project proposal using the format
required the funding agency
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Guidelines in Preparing for a Project Proposal
1. Decide what the problem is and prepare a rough idea on how this problem can
be addressed.
2. Develop or select a framework that will help you organize your ideas
systematically.

3. Identify the organization that will probably fund your project. These can be
government agencies, non-governmental organizations, private companies, and
foundations, and international funding agencies.
4. Build your project proposal team and appoint a project leader who is responsible
for coordinating activities and communicating with the funding agency.
5. Identify the organization that will probably fund your project. These can be
government agencies, non-governmental organizations, private companies and
foundations, and international funding agencies.
6. Hold and initial meeting with your team to discuss the plans in preparing the
project proposal.
7. Allot sufficient time for planning.
8. Involve all the team members by assigning specific responsibilities to them.
9. Be realistic with your project proposal. Make sure that your objectives and
activities are within the given time and resources.
10. Contact the funding agency if some items and requirements are not clear to you.
11. Always put yourself in the shoes of the receiver of the project proposal.

Guidelines in Writing a Project Proposal

1. The title page must be unnumbered but it is considered page I; the back page of
the title page is unnumbered as well; but it is considered page ii. The abstract,
which follows after the title page, is considered page 1 and must already be
numbered.
2. Do not use abbreviations on the title page.
3. Attach the curriculum vitae of the personnel who are part of them.

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4. In the project implementation section, use a Gantt chart for presenting the
timeframe.
5. Write the abstract after you have completed the report.
6. Study the successful proposals that are similar to yours.
7. Be factual but use technical terms sparingly.
8. Choose a reader-friendly format
9. Use sections words to make your proposal more dynamic.

What is it?
Activity 9: Write T if the statement is true and F if false.

_______1. A project proposal is mainly informational.

_______2. A Gantt chart is one way to present the schedule of activities.
_______3. A one-word title is more preferred to a descriptive title.
_______4. A project proposal is usually one page only.
_______5. It is ideal to include only the total budget needed.
_______6. Only one team leader should write the project proposal.
_______7. Opinions add credibility to the proposal.
_______8. The project proposal needs to address the specific problem.
_______9. The qualification of personnel is crucial to the approval of project
proposal.
_______10. There is only one format for a project proposal.

Here is a sample project proposal you can refer to:

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I. Project Title:
“Bote Queen”

II. Project Proponents:

This project is headed only by the Supreme Student Government.

III. Project rationale:

In line with vision-mission of the school, this project will help Promote cleanliness
and awareness of the students about the 3Rs; Reduce, Recycle.

IV. Project objectives:

 To expose students in different environmental activities
 To raise fund and support the Supreme Student Government (SSG) projects
 To promote the awareness of the students

V. Project description:
This project will be accomplished through the help of our officers, faculty and staff,
and the support of the students. Each section will have a representative queen and
they are required to bring bottles for the first and last counting. From their bottles
and other recyclable materials, they will make a presentable costume to be
showcased by their representative and the pageant will begin.
VI. Project Duration:
 Each section will start collecting bottles on march 1,2019 (Friday)
 The first counting will be on March 5,2019 (Tuesday)
 The last counting will be on March 11,2019 (Tuesday)
 The pageant will begin on March 15, 2019 (Friday)

VII. Target Beneficiaries:

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 The five sections will start collecting bottles will receive an incentive from the
Supreme Student Government (SSG) on their Christmas Party. The collected
money will be used for the LPCA battle that is proposed to be held in October.

VIII. Propose Budget

The only expenses will be prize (trophy, sash, certificates) for the winning
sections and also the reigned Bote Queen. The budget for this is estimated
at Php 500-Php1500.
IX. Monitoring and Evaluation
This project will be overall managed by the Supreme Student Government
(SSG) and each adviser of the sections will assist their students for the
activities.
Source: http://www.slideshare.com

What is it?

Activity 10: Write a project proposal. Interview the people in the community
including the barangay chairman, counselors, the elderly, mothers, fathers, and
the youth regarding the needs and problems of the community. After the
interview, choose one and write a full blown project proposal.

Complete the given outline to come up a project proposal.

I. Project Title:
_____________________________________________

II. Project Proponents:

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 __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

III. Project Rationale:

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

IV. Project Objective:

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

V. Project Description:

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

VI. Project Duration:

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 __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

VII. Target Beneficiaries:

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

VIII. Propose Budget:

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

IX. Monitoring and Evaluation:

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

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 Project Proposal Writing Rubric

Excellent Proficient Basic Below Basic

4 pts. 3 pts. 2 pts. 1 pt.
Student shows a Student shows Student shows Student shows
deep an some very little
understanding of understanding understanding understanding
the subject of the subject of the subject of the subject
matter and its matter and it is matter but matter and
Subject greater evident in the confusion is thoroughly
Matter implications. execution of the evident in misinterprets
Proposal or plan proposal or some aspects the
shows plan. of the proposal requirements
integration of or plan. for the class.
some advanced
or researched
concepts.
The project The project The project The project
proposed is very proposed is proposed is proposed is not
original, creative original, creative somewhat creative,
and ambitious. and somewhat creative, original or
Creativity/ The student is ambitious. The original or ambitious, the
Ambition highly motivated, student is ambitious the student is
and the project motivated about student is not uninspired,
has a good the project, and very excited project has a
potential for the project has but not bored, low potential
success. a good potential project has for success.
for success some potential
for success.
Final Shows excellent Shows good Shows some Shows little or
Product effort, care and effort, care and effort, care and no effort, care
creativity. creativity. creativity. or creativity.

Final product is Proposal or plan Proposal or Project

complete and is finished and plan is finished proposal is
well-presented. turned in on and turned in, sloppy,
Shows excellent time. Shows but is rushed illegible,
research, careful good research, and is poorly crumpled,

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 planning, and some planning, presented. unfinished or
excellent vision, and good incomplete.
execution. execution.
Proposal or plan Proposal or plan Proposal or Proposal or
is clear, concise, is well plan makes plan is vague,
and has a logical organized, and general sense disjointed, and
structure and has a sensible but requires shows no
flow. flow and some work to sense,
Structure structure. organize and structure, or
and Flow Work shows structure in a flow.
deep Minor elements logical and
consideration of may need sensible Confusing to
the execution of clarification but manner. read, difficult to
the project after otherwise well- understand.
the proposal's made and ready
approval. for execution.
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=YX62W64&sp=yes&

What I Have Learned

A project proposal is basically a problem-solution text that aims to persuade its

reader to grant funding on the project or the accomplishment of the solution to the
problem. It has five basic parts, namely, title page, project summary, qualification
budget justification, and project narrative. It includes visual such as Gantt charts, for
timetable, and tables for budget justification and avoids confusing terms such as
jargons, acronyms, and abbreviations specific to a field of study.

Lesson Purposeful Writing in the

Disciplines: Writing a Position
8.5 Paper

What’s New22
What is a Position Paper?
A position paper is a type of academic writing that presents one’s stand or
viewpoint on a particular issue. The main objective of writing a position paper is to take
part in a larger debate by stating your arguments and proposed course of action.

Parts of a Position Paper

1. Introduction
 Write the specific issue, together with its importance and effect to the society.
 Uses a lead that grabs the attention of readers.
 Defines the issue and provide a thorough background.
 Provides a general statement of your position through a thesis statement.
 End the introductory paragraph with a position statement or a stand on the issue.
Keep in mind that one could take only one side of the argument.

2. Body
 The part may have several paragraphs. It may begin with short background
information or a discussion of arguments on both sides of the issue. In each
paragraph, an explanation or observation to clarify the portion of the position
statement must be written and then followed by the supporting evidence.
 State your main arguments and provide sufficient evidence.
 The evidences that can be used are the primary source quotation, interviews with
field experts, recommendation from scholarly articles and position papers,
historical dates or events, and statistical data.
 Provides counterarguments against possible weaknesses of your arguments.
3. Conclusion
 On the last part of writing the paper, summarize and reinforce the concepts and
facts presented without repeating the introduction and its content. It is also
optional to include the procedure used to deal with the issue and your suggested
possible solution or recommendation.
 Explains why your position is better than any other position.
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  Ends with a powerful closing statement (e.g., a quotation, a challenge, or a
question).

Choosing an Issue
1. The issue should be debatable. You cannot take any position if the topic is not
debatable.
2. The issue should be current and relevant.
3. The issue should be written in a question form and answerable by yes or no.
4. The issue should be specific and manageable

Guidelines in Writing a Position Paper

1. Begin the writing process with an in-depth research about the issue at hand.
2. Be aware of the various positions about the issue and explain and analyze them
objectively.
3. Reflect on your position and identify its weaknesses.
4. Establish your credibility by citing reliable sources.
5. Present a unique way of approaching the issue.
6. Limit your position paper to two pages.
7. Analyze your target readers and align your arguments to their beliefs, needs,
interest, and motivations.
8. Summarize the other side’s counterarguments and refute them with evidence.
9. Define unfamiliar terms at first mention.
10. Use an active voice as much
possible. This will make your tone dynamic and firm.
11. Arrange your evidence logically
using an inductive or deductive approach.
12. Check your paper for fallacies
and revise accordingly.
13. Use ethical, logical, and emotional appeals. Ethical appeals relate to your
credibility and competence as writer, logical appeal refers to the rational
approach in developing and argument; emotional appeals pertain to feelings
evoked during arguments. Make sure to check your appeals to ensure that they
are not fallacious.

What is it?
24
Activity 11: Write T if the statement is true and F if false.

_________ 1. A good position paper considers all possible views on the issue at
hand.
_________ 2. An issue is a crucial component of a position paper.
_________ 3. An issue is debatable if it cannot be answered by yes or no.
_________ 4. Audience analysis will help you write a more persuasive position
paper.
_________ 5. One way to establish your credibility as a writer is to boast about your
credentials.
_________ 6. Opinions are better than facts in supporting arguments.
_________ 7. Statistics can be used as evidence to support an arguments.
_________ 8. The main goal of a position paper is to inform readers.
_________ 9. The strongest type of appeal in a position paper is logical appeal.
_________ 10. Your position should be restated in the concluding paragraph.
_________ 11. The content of a position should have only one paragraph.
_________ 12. The most important thing in writing your position paper is how many
sources you have to support your argument.
_________ 13. A position paper must answer specific questions vital in presenting
your argument.
_________ 14 . The purpose of a position paper is to generate more issues.
_________ 15. In the position paper you should validate your position with
authoritative references or primary source quotations.

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 What is it?

Activity 12: Read the sample position paper. Then answer the questions that
follow.

Committee: General Assembly

Topic: Global Warming
Country: The Kingdom of Sweden
Delegates: *****************
Global warming’s effects and influence on the global
climate is visible all around us now. As time has passed in the past
century, Arctic ice has begun to gradually melt and sea levels have
started to rise. If this situation continues, then low-lying island nations
such as Vanuatu and Maldives will sink into the sea and will simply
disappear.
Also, climate is changing in many parts of the world
because of global warming. For example, acid rain damaging soils and
forests, particularly in our country, serious droughts in Australia, and
abnormal weather patterns all over the world. These things are not
naturally occurring phenomena – they were caused by human actions.
Our nation is addressing global warming on a domestic level. For
example, we are separating household waste and recycling as much
as we can, and are imposing taxes on CO2 emissions. Out carbon
dioxide emissions are 0.4% of the global total.
We are raising public awareness of the environmental
problems they will face in the future, and we hope that our people will
address this issue. But individual nations cannot succeed – the only
way to secure our future is if we can get a consensus of nations to
take action to reduce these effects. Humans caused this problem and
ultimately they must address and26deal with it.
We must, as global citizens, address this problem
actively. Thank you.
Reading Comprehension
1. What is the issue taken up in the position paper?
2. Do you agree with the assertions made in the article? Explain
3. Does the writer make a strong stand about the issue presented? How did he/she
convince the reader to believe in his/her claim?

What is it?

Activity 13: Write a position paper. Research evidences to support your claim on
the issue provided below.

Should parents limit teenager’s use of Social Media?

Issue
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________________________________________________________________
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 What I Have Learned

In writing a position paper, you should

1. describe the issue and your position;
2. present both sides of the issue;
3. refute counterclaims; and
4. use some figurative language and analogies to explain a point. You should keep in
mind the properties of a well-written text to make your writing easy to read.

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 Assessment

Instructions: Read each sentence carefully. Choose your answer by writing the
letter of your choice on the space before each number.

_________ 1. It is an evaluation report of previous studies related to the subject

matter of an academic paper.
A. Book Review C. Article Review
B. Literature Review D. Movie Review

_________ 2. It is a problem-solution text that aims to persuade its reader to grant

funding on the project.
A. Project Proposal C. Project Material
B. Project Cost D. Project Budget

_________ 3. It is a critical assessment, analysis, or evaluation of a work

A. Book Review C. Article Review
B. Literature Review D. Movie Review

_________ 4. It is an expanded paper that presents interpretations and analysis of a

phenomenon based on experiments and previous information
A. Book Report C. Scientific Report
B. Research Report D. Survey Report

_________ 5. It contains a summary and synthesis of all available sources.

A. Book Review C. Article Review
B. Literature Review D. Movie Review

_________ 6. The main purpose of this writing is to persuade book readers of a

particular genre or researchers in a specific field
A. Article Review C. Book Review
B. Literature Review D. Movie Review
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_________ 7. It expresses a writer’s position on an issue and the reasons for the
writer’s stand.
A. Review Paper C. Position Paper
B. Book Paper D. Term Paper

_________ 8. It has a purpose to persuade or make the readers believe that the
writer’s opinion is probable or should be considered by a decision-
making group.
A. Position Paper C. Book Paper
B. Review Paper D. Term Paper

_________ 9. It is a laborious work produced through formal investigation and

scientific inquiry.
A. Book Report C. Scientific Report
B. Research Report D. Survey Report

_________ 10. It is highly persuasive and informative document that aims to address
a particular problem or issue.
A. Project Proposal C. Project Material
B. Project Cost D. Project Budget

Key to Answers
Pre-Test
1. B 6. C 11. A
2. A 7. C 12. B
3. A 8. A 13. D
4. B 9. B 14. C
5. B 10. A 15. B Activity 5
(Writing a
Literature
Activity 1 (Writing a Book Review) Review)
1. T 6. F
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2. F 7.F
3. T 8.T
Research Topic: Mentoring

List down the

Authorities cited in the
What is the idea implied?
literature review

exposed the levels of mentoring

Kram (1985)

Hay (1995) talked about the principles of mentoring,

corroborated the special relationship that takes

Mackimm (2003)
place in mentoring.

emphasized that mentoring can be formal and

Activity 9 – Project Proposal

1. T 6. F
2. T 7. T
3. F 8. T
4. F 9. T
5. T 10. F
Activity 10 – Answers may Vary
Activity 11 – Position Paper
1. T 6. F 11. F
2. T 7. T 33 12. T

3. T 8. T 13. T
 Activity 6 – Answers may vary

Activity 7- (Writing a Research Report)

1. T 6. F 11. T
2. F 7. F 12.T
3. T 8. T 13.F
4. T 9. F 14.F
5. T 10. T 15. F

Activity 8 – Answers may vary

References

https://link.quipper.com/en/organizations/547ffb8dd2b76d0002002621/
curriculum#curriculum

http://www.uwlux.edu/uploadedFiles/Academics/Deparments/
Political_Science_and_Public_Admin/journal_article_critique_example.pdf

http://yuwritingcenter.wikispaces.com/file/view/Writing+a+Literature+Review+-
+Exercises.pdf
http://www.slideshare.com
http://www.eeaconsultants.com/news/globalwarming/global_warming.pdf
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Dayagbil,F., Abao, E., & Bacus, R., (2016) Critical reading and writing for senior high
school, Metro Manila

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