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    SQL Syntax

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    Arie Yetti Nurami
    The document outlines SQL syntax categories including data definition, manipulation, and control languages. It describes basic syntax like SELECT and INSERT statements. Intermediate concepts covered are JOINs, WHERE clauses, and GROUP BY. Advanced topics include window functions, common table expressions, and triggers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    SQL Syntax

    Uploaded by

    Arie Yetti Nurami
    32 views2 pages
    The document outlines SQL syntax categories including data definition, manipulation, and control languages. It describes basic syntax like SELECT and INSERT statements. Intermediate concepts covered are JOINs, WHERE clauses, and GROUP BY. Advanced topics include window functions, common table expressions, and triggers.

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    SQL SYNTAX

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    The document outlines SQL syntax categories including data definition, manipulation, and control languages. It describes basic syntax like SELECT and INSERT statements. Intermediate concepts covered are JOINs, WHERE clauses, and GROUP BY. Advanced topics include window functions, common table expressions, and triggers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    32 views2 pages

    SQL Syntax

    Uploaded by

    Arie Yetti Nurami
    The document outlines SQL syntax categories including data definition, manipulation, and control languages. It describes basic syntax like SELECT and INSERT statements. Intermediate concepts covered are JOINs, WHERE clauses, and GROUP BY. Advanced topics include window functions, common table expressions, and triggers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    SELECT extracts data from a database

    UPDATE updates data in a database


    DELETE deletes data from a database
    INSERT INTO inserts new data into a database
    CREATE DATABASE creates a new database
    ALTER DATABASE modifies a database
    CREATE TABLE creates a new table
    ALTER TABLE modifies a table
    DROP TABLE deletes a table
    CREATE INDEX creates an index (search key)
    DROP INDEX deletes an index

    Basic SQL Syntax:

     Data Definition Language (DDL):


    o CREATE DATABASE: Creates a new database.
    o CREATE TABLE: Creates a new table within a database, specifying columns and
    data types.
    o ALTER TABLE: Modifies the structure of an existing table (adding, deleting, or
    modifying columns).
    o DROP TABLE: Deletes a table from the database.
     Data Manipulation Language (DML):
    o INSERT INTO: Inserts new rows of data into a table.
    o SELECT: Retrieves data from one or more tables based on specific criteria.
    o UPDATE: Modifies existing data in a table.
    o DELETE FROM: Deletes rows of data from a table based on specific criteria.
     Data Control Language (DCL):
    o GRANT: Gives permissions to users to perform specific actions on database
    objects.
    o REVOKE: Takes away permissions granted to users.

    Intermediate SQL Syntax:

     JOINs: Combine data from multiple tables based on a relationship between columns
    (e.g., INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL JOIN).
     WHERE Clause: Filters data based on a specific condition.
     GROUP BY: Groups data together based on a column and performs aggregate functions
    (e.g., SUM, COUNT, AVG).
     HAVING Clause: Filters groups created by the GROUP BY clause based on a condition
    applied to aggregate functions.
     ORDER BY: Sorts the results of a query in ascending or descending order based on a
    specific column.
     Subqueries: Nested queries that can be used to retrieve data based on the results of
    another query.
    Advanced SQL Syntax:

     Window Functions: Perform calculations on a set of rows within a partition or ordered


    result set (e.g., RANK, ROW_NUMBER, PERCENTILE).
     Common Table Expressions (CTEs): Temporary named result sets that can be used
    within a larger query for improved readability and modularity.
     Cursors: Iterative statements that allow you to process data row by row.
     Triggers: Database procedures that are automatically executed based on specific events
    (e.g., INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE).
     Stored Procedures and Functions: Reusable blocks of SQL code that can be pre-
    defined and called upon within queries for code optimization and modularity.
     Views: Virtual tables based on a SELECT query, providing a simplified or filtered view
    of the underlying data.

    Additional Notes:

     This is not an exhaustive list, and there are many other SQL functionalities and features
    available depending on the specific database management system you're using.
     As you progress in your SQL learning journey, you'll delve deeper into advanced
    concepts and explore functionalities specific to your chosen database platform.

    Remember, practice is key! Try implementing these SQL commands to solidify your
    understanding. There are many online resources and tutorials available to help you practice and
    explore more advanced SQL concepts.

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